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Hybrid multi-resolution detection of moving targets in infrared imagery
No full textA hybrid moving target detection approach in multi-resolution framework for thermal infrared imagery is presented. Background subtraction and optical flow methods are widely used to detect moving targets. However, each method has some pros and cons which limits the performance. Conventional background subtraction is affected by dynamic noise and partial extraction of targets. Fast independent component analysis based background subtraction is efficient for target detection in infrared image sequences; however the noise increases for small targets. Well known motion detection method is optical flow. Still the method produces partial detection for low textured images and also computationally expensive due to gradient calculation for each pixel location. The synergistic approach of conventional background subtraction, fast independent component analysis and optical flow methods at different resolutions provide promising detection of targets with reduced time complexity. The dynamic background noise is compensated by the background update. The methodology is validated with benchmark infrared image datasets as well as experimentally generated infrared image sequences of moving targets in the field under various conditions of varying illumination, ambience temperature and the distance of the target from the sensor location. The significant value of F-measure validates the efficiency of the proposed methodology with high confidence of detection and low false alarms
Analysis of Gaseous and Liquid fractions generated from pyrolysing of chrome impregnated leather solid waste for renewable energy bio fuels application
No full textThis paper focuses on the analysis of gaseous
and liquid fractions generated from continuous feeding
pyrolysis gasification system (CFPGS) designed and
developed to dispose chrome impregnated proteinaceous
leather solid waste (CILSW) discharged from tannery
industry for renewable energy biofuels applications. The
system was tested under varied temperature (400 °C to
800 °C). The generated syngas at selected temperature
was fractioned in the condenser unit to obtain
combustible gaseous fuel and acueous condensate liquid
which is further distilled to obtain non-acueous distillate bioliquid fuel. Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon contents in the gaseous fuel were analyzed. The condensate liquid and non-acqueous distillate were also analyzed for TGA, FT-IR, SEM/EDX, GC-MS to ascertain
the application of the chrome impregnated leather solid
waste to generate renewable energy biofuels
A luminescent nanocrystal metal organic framework for chemosensing of nitro group containing organophosphate pesticides
No full textA luminescent nanocrystal metal–organic framework (NMOF1) of [Cd(atc)(H2O)2]nhas been synthesized by the reaction of Cd(II) ions with the sodium salt of H2atc (2-aminoterephthalic acid) in aqueous solution. The obtained fluorescent porous material has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and surface area analysis. The synthesized NMOF1 exhibits reasonably good fluorescence characteristics (excitation wavelength = 340 nm, emission wavelength = 436 nm). The potential of the above Cd(II) based nanocrystal metal–organic framework (NMOF1) for the sensing of the nitroaromatic-containing organophosphate pesticides (nitro OPs) parathion, methyl parathion, paraoxon and fenitrothion is demonstrated. It has been possible to detect the above four OPs separately in the concentration range of 1–500 ppb. The detection limit of the proposed method for all the said OPs is 1 ppb. Interestingly, their mixture also shows the above characteristic data. The proposed method for the sensing of nitro OPs is also selective towards other OPs such as malathion, dichlorvos and monocrotophos
Hand Tremor Acquisition and Measurement Using Labview
No full textTremor is an involuntary, rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving to and fro movements of one or more body parts produced by reciprocally innervated antagonist muscles and nonlinear in nature and is the root cause for human imprecision in microsurgery and it
creates an unwanted noise in the voluntary motion. Many
developments have already taken place for the measurement of tremor signal but a system and an algorithm are needed to be designed and developed to track these tremors while still responding to the movements in the surgeon's hand. The approach used to carry out the research work lies in the area of signal acquisition which includes design of a real time Graphical User Interface (GUI) interfaced with
the hardware experimental set up. The tremor data and voluntary motion superimposed with tremor signal were recorded by developing the GUI in the LABVIEW. The voluntary motion was generated using a potentiometer and the tremor signal was captured using an accelerometer
Assembly of europium organic framework–gold nanoparticle composite thin films on silicon substrate
No full textMetal organic frameworks are a sub-class of coordination polymers and rapidly generating huge research interests in several technological areas. One of the emerging areas of their potential applications is the photovoltaics. The present study proposes the assembly of europium organic framework–gold nanoparticle nanocomposite thin film on silicon substrate. Microscopic, X-ray diffraction, surface area measurement and thermal studies have indicated the formation of the desired thin film. Spectral studies have been used to highlight their solid state optical property. Current–voltage studies have established semiconducting property of the above thin films
Synthesis, Characterization of PVP Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles for Gas Sensing Applications
No full textA new aqueous-phase method for the preparation of silver nanoparticles dispersed in acetone was successfully developed in this paper. The silver nanoparticles were obtained in aqueous by reduction of silver nitrate with
sodium borohydrate as reducing agent and stabilized by Polyvinylpyrrolidone immediately. The PVP stabilized silver nanoparticles solution is bright yellow colored and are stable over a long period of time with no indication of aggregation. The solution shows strong visible light absorptions at 406 nm, characteristics of silver nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy of
the sample revealed well-defined non-agglomerated spherical particles of about 50 nm. In FT-IR spectrum strong absorption band of a carbonyl stretching group due to PVP indicates its presence on nanoparticle surface.
The particles sizes of nanoparticles can be controlled by reaction parameters such as time, temperature, and concentration of reagents and stabilizing agent. The very controlled size of the synthesized nanoparticles reveals that PVP played a critical role in controlling the radius and dispersibility of the nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles show the maximum sensitivity with ammonium gas because it makes silver metal complexes so can be used as ammonia sensor. In future, LB thin film of silver nanoparticles may be fabricated for sensor applications
Synthesis of Novel Multiple Shaped Silver Nanoparticles Incorporated Hydroxyapatite anocomposite for Orthopaedic Body Implants
No full textOrthopaedic implants are now commonly used in many surgical procedures to support or replace a damaged bone. Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) fulfils the required structural and biological compatibility issue eventhough contact site provides room to grow microbes. Hydroxyapatite is a cardinal biomaterial and is predominant inorganic integrant of bones and teeth and is widely used in orthopaedic body implants to help patients achieve a better quality of life. In this paper, synthesis of silver incorporated hydroxyapatite nanocomposite is reported to recover such problems in orthopaedic body implants
A design approach for myoelectric arm with hand and wrist motions using single actuator
No full textThis paper relates to the development of prosthetic myoelectric hand that performs many functions of real human hand like opening and closing of fingers and wrist rotation. This dual movement of prosthetic hand is controlled by a single DC motor. Below-elbow amputee persons with missing limbs can append this prosthetic hand with the available stump and can do some of the hand operations with multiple degrees of freedom by voluntary activation of muscles using electromyogram (EMG) electrodes. To rehabilitate such a person, facilities like opening, closing, grasping, and lifting objects of different weight with variable grip force are available like natural hand. The main design consideration includes degrees of freedom, number of actuators, power of actuators, reliability, electronic control, light weight, economic viability, wrist rotation, variable grip force pattern, and ease of attachment with limb. Use of electromagnetic clutches along with the coupling logic of DC motor and microcontroller based on grip force generation and wrist rotation based on EMG signals imparts a new function to the device. It will be useful for both robotic and prosthetic industry
Role of optical coefficients and healthy tissue-sparing characteristics in gold nanorod-assisted thermal therapy
No full textPurpose: This study seeks to define parameters for gold nanorod assisted thermal therapy, to achieve the thermal ablation temperature (50-60 degrees C) in the tumour region and spare healthy tissue surrounding the tumour. Also, a criterion for size selection of gold nanorods is described based on the role of optical coefficients.
Theory and methods: In this study a tissue domain (comprising a 3mm tumour and 7mm of surrounding healthy tissue) embedded with gold nanorods is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation within the therapeutic wavelength band. Optical interaction is captured using light scattering theory (Mie-electrostatic approach). The resulting temperature field is evaluated using Penne's bioheat model. The effect of key parameters, namely irradiation intensity, irradiation duration and volume fraction, on tissue temperature is also modelled numerically.
Results: With increasing nanorod diameter - from 5nm to 15nm - the scattering coefficient increases similar to 76 times as compared to a 1.7-fold increase in absorption coefficient. Scattering is considerably minimised by having smaller gold nanorods of 5nm diameter. For this study, gold nanorods of 5nm diameter and volume fraction 0.001%, irradiated with 50W/m(2)-nm for 250 s ablated the tumour as well as spare healthy tissue 2mm beyond the tumour region.
Conclusion: Overall it may be concluded that tumour ablation as well as surrounding healthy tissue-sparing (within millimetres immediately adjacent to the tumour) can be achieved through a combination of specified parameters, namely diameter and volume fraction of gold nanorods, irradiation intensity and duration
Synthesis and conjugation of ZnO nanoparticles with bovine serum albumin for biological applications
No full textSemiconductor nanomaterials tagged with biomarkers may be used for an early fluorescence-based detection of breast cancer. ZnO nanoparticles are water-soluble, non-toxic, photo-chemically stable with highly fluorescence applicability and are regarded for their possible biocompatibility. As a long-term research planning, we are aiming to use QDs conjugated with serum-biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer. The present work is a part in the said direction and reports preliminary observations on the synthesis and conjugation of ZnO nanoparticles with a representative protein marker