654 research outputs found
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Intelligent Nano-tech Switch for Advanced Automated Plant Growth Regulation
No full textPrecise control of plant growth is important to know the effect of external growth factors on crop yield. A nano-tech switch mechanism automatically operated by plant stem expansion was designed to control the major external growth factors for plant such as light and water level in soil. Nano level expansion of stem produced by the dynamism of fluid (water) uptake by stimulation of sunlight is measured using laser interferometry to determine the elasticity of switch. Switching parameter was determined by nano level growth characteristics which were mathematically correlated with fluid flow rate and elastic property of the stem. Supply of two major external growth factors in irrigation system were controlled intelegently by plant morphological and physical response, which are dependent on other major and minor growth factors and with their variable combinations. The methodology is useful in irrigation system
Intensity modulation using chirped fiber bragg grating as an edge filter for temperature sensing
No full textWe demonstrate a prominent technique using intensity variation owing to a change in temperature of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) instead of just a shift of Bragg wavelength due to ambient temperature variation. The rising and falling region of chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) spectrum can be used as edge filter, where intensity variation can be observed with the shift in wavelength due to change in temperature. The proposed hypothesis of intensity variation with a shift in wavelength at rising edge of CFBG has been investigated theoretically and later on these results are verified experimentally. The rising and falling edge of CFBG are analyzed and then FBG was written on 1542.4 nm. The rising edge of CFBG have linear region in the range of 1542.3–1542.7 nm wavelength. Thus intensity will be modulated linearly with a shift of Bragg wavelength in this region. In-house fabricated FBG has been used and CFBG as an edge filter was implemented in our experiment to verify the proposed concept of intensity modulation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2913–2915, 201
Measurement of changes in glacier extent in the Rimo glacier, a sub-range of the Karakoram Range, determined from Landsat imagery
No full textAccurate estimation of the spatiotemporal surface dynamics is very important for natural resource planning. This paper discusses a novel approach for the study of the surface patterns of a particular glacier Rimo located at 35°21′21″N77°22′05″E, about 20 km northeast of the snout of Siachen. Change detection in multiple images of the same location taken at different time intervals are of widely circulated use due to a large number of applications in various disciplines such as climate change, remote sensing and so on. The proposed technique uses image processing to derive regression models of selected glacier segments, these models are then used to measure area under the curve to estimate the surface area changes of the glacier. The surface area changes thus obtained have also been validated by standard method of pixel counting. With the rise in the global warming, the net change in the surface area of the concerned glacier is estimated using statistical analysis from 1998 to 2011. The results obtained show a fair degree of accuracy as compared to the standard method of pixel counting. We also discuss important pre-processing methods used in extracting the final concerned region of interest from a large satellite imagery of fairly average resolution
Adaptive contour-based statistical background subtraction method for moving target detection in infrared video sequences
No full textA robust contour-based statistical background subtraction method for detection of non-uniform thermal targets in infrared imagery is presented. The foremost step of the method comprises of generation of background frame using statistical information of an initial set of frames not containing any targets. The generated background frame is made adaptive by continuously updating the background using the motion information of the scene. The background subtraction method followed by a clutter rejection stage ensure the detection of foreground objects. The next step comprises of detection of contours and distinguishing the target boundaries from the noisy background. This is achieved by using the Canny edge detector that extracts the contours followed by a k-means clustering approach to differentiate the object contour from the background contours. The post processing step comprises of morphological edge linking approach to close any broken contours and finally flood fill is performed to generate the silhouettes of moving targets. This method is validated on infrared video data consisting of a variety of moving targets. Experimental results demonstrate a high detection rate with minimal false alarms establishing the robustness of the proposed method
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF DESIGN OF PROSTHETIC ROBOTIC LINKAGE FOR HUMAN LIMB REHABILITATION
No full textThe first phase work of the project involving the conceptualization of mechanical design of an active knee prosthesis linkage mechanism is proposed in this paper. For patients needing limb movement rehabilitation with impaired upper or lower limb joint functions and also for otherwise healthy persons suffering muscle weakness syndrome, this paper proposes an active linkage mechanism
along with its actuation. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a theoretical basis for the design of
linkage mechanism having stance phase control as well as swing phase fluidic kinematic behavior in conformity with natural legs. Proposed “Knee Mimicking Prosthetic Robotic Linkage Mechanism (KMPRLM) for Human Joint” will have flexion angle up to 60°.This paper includes the conceptual design of “Knee Mimicking Prosthetic Robotic Linkage” which will be used for rehabilitative and assistive purposes. The mechanical design of knee prosthesis linkage mechanism, its mathematical modeling and kinematical analysis is outlined here. .It is to be worn on lateral side of lower or upper limb and will provide naturalistic movement of elbow or leg joint. Linear actuator based motion is proposed which can be further put under myoelectric control. KMPRL is designed to follow the trajectory tracking which corresponds to a
typical rehabilitation exercise and is an able knee mimicking assistive device .Thus confirming to
effectiveness in rehabilitation therapy and post-surgery recovery treatment. While earlier generation limb
rehabilitation used dead weight passive attachment, the proposed KMPRL has advantage because it is an
active device linkage mechanism. This can be very conveniently used in the active rehabilitation and
therefore resulting in shortening of recovery period of a patient. In this paper first phase of research
project work comprising of conceptualization of design, prototype development of an active knee prosthesis linkage mechanism as proof of concept has been presented . The proposed prototype is to act as test bed for further improvement, analysis and refinement and optimizations
Robotic Surgical Systems—A Review
No full textRobotic surgery is a type of surgery where doctor performs the operation on the patient by controlling the arms of the robotic system. These robotic arms mimic the surgeon's hand and scales down the movement hence allowing the surgeon to easily make precise and
small cuts. Robotic surgery has been a revolutionary step in the improvement of surgical procedures as it is enhancing surgery through improved precision, stability, and dexterity. The use of robotics in medical procedures has become common place in the past decade as medical robotics includes a number of devices used for surgery,
rehabilitation therapy, assisting people with visabilities and prosthetics. Due to the wide acceptance of surgical robots, the need to provide smaller, more efficient and less expensive equipment is driving researchers to achieve great heights. Surgical robots have been successfully implemented in several hospitals around the globe and have received world-wide acceptance. With advancements in technology, accuracy and proficiency is being achieved by various surgical systems and the current study reviews the latest robotic surgical technologies
A luminescent nanocrystal metal organic framework for chemosensing of nitro group containing organophosphate pesticides
No full textA luminescent nanocrystal metal–organic framework (NMOF1) of [Cd(atc)(H2O)2]nhas been synthesized by the reaction of Cd(II) ions with the sodium salt of H2atc (2-aminoterephthalic acid) in aqueous solution. The obtained fluorescent porous material has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and surface area analysis. The synthesized NMOF1 exhibits reasonably good fluorescence characteristics (excitation wavelength = 340 nm, emission wavelength = 436 nm). The potential of the above Cd(II) based nanocrystal metal–organic framework (NMOF1) for the sensing of the nitroaromatic-containing organophosphate pesticides (nitro OPs) parathion, methyl parathion, paraoxon and fenitrothion is demonstrated. It has been possible to detect the above four OPs separately in the concentration range of 1–500 ppb. The detection limit of the proposed method for all the said OPs is 1 ppb. Interestingly, their mixture also shows the above characteristic data. The proposed method for the sensing of nitro OPs is also selective towards other OPs such as malathion, dichlorvos and monocrotophos
Binary social impact theory based optimization and its applications in pattern recognition
No full textThe human opinion formation can be understood as a social approach to optimization. In the real world, the opinions on different issues encode a “candidate solution”, which is evaluated by a complex and unknown fitness function. The computer models of such processes can be easily modified by introducing a fitness value, which leads to novel family of optimization techniques. This paper demonstrates how the novel algorithms can be derived from opinion formation models and empirically demonstrates their usability in the area of binary optimization. Particularly, it introduces a general SITO algorithmic framework and describes four algorithms based on this general framework. Recent applications of these algorithms to pattern recognition in electronic nose, electronic tongue, new born EEG and ICU patient mortality prediction are discussed. Finally, an open source SITO library for MATLAB and JAVA is introduced
Comparative assessment of optical performance for the optical design of HD-DVD micro objective lens with NA 0.65 using aspheric and freeform surfaces
No full textA micro objective lens for HD-DVD with the Numerical Aperture (NA) of 0.65 at blue laser wavelength with clear aperture diameter of 1.5 mm has been designed on acrylic material using freeform surfacing method. Optical performance evaluation parameters have been compared with bi-aspheric surfaces based objective lens design. Freeform surface based design has higher degrees of freedom compare to conventional aspheric surfaces that can reduce aberrations significantly. Maximum RMS error is 0.003λ at 0.4° and maximum RMS radius is 0.027 μm while airy disk radius is 0.3803 μm for freeform surface based design. Hence single freeform surface based design can reduce the fabrication complexity and tooling time, at the same instance provides comparable performance with bi-aspheric surfaces based design
Content Based Image Retrieval Approach in Creating an Effective Feature Index for Lung Nodule Detection with the Inclusion of Expert Knowledge and Proven Pathology
No full textThe paper investigates four major issues in the active field of lung computer aided diagnosis (CAD) using content-based image retrieval (CBIR), which are: creating an efficient feature index for lung nodules for similarity measures, database creation of nodules with proven pathology, robust CBIR system and present a self-diagnosing environment to assist the physician in taking the right decision at right time. The results definitely improves the radiologists performance of detecting suspicious nodules based on the ground truth prepared. CBIR has been implemented to expand the small ground truth of 17 nodules to ground truth of 114 nodules based on available biopsy report. Nine out of 83 different extracted features have been considered as the best discriminating features to classify the lung nodules in three classes: Malignant, Benign and Metastasis. LIDC database has been analysed and achieved an average precision of 92.8% , mean average precision (MAP) of 82% at recall 0.1 and an average precision of 88% with PGIMER, Chandigarh. Results in this paper also indicate that the unnecessary biopsies can be avoided as the results are having few number of false positives which can directly increase the specificity of the proposed research