Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Journal
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Effect of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method extraction time on the cytotoxic activity of young bay leaf extract (Eugenia polyantha Wight) on T47D breast cancer cells and determination of flavonoid levels
Get PDFThe most common type of cancer in Indonesia is breast cancer. Anticancer medications made of natural ingredients are beginning to be produced. Methanol extract of young bay leaves (Eugenia polyantha) has anticancer activity at moderate levels. The compounds that function as anticancer are flavonoids. The duration and extraction technique can have an impact on how active chemicals are extracted from natural materials. Through variations in the duration of the extraction process for young bay leaves, this study seeks to ascertain the amounts of flavonoids and the cytotoxic activity of T47D breast cancer.Young bay leaf ethanol extract (EEDSM) was obtained using the Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) method with 70% ethanol solvent and varying extraction times of 5, 15, and 25 minutes. EEDSM total flavonoid content was tested using the UV-visible spectrophotometric method with quercetin as a comparison. The cytotoxic test of the ethanol extract of young bay leaves was carried out using the MTT assay method. Determining the IC50 value uses linear regression and probit analysis. It will also use One Way ANOVA to quantitatively determine the significance of the difference between the effect of extraction time and the IC50 value on T47D breast cancer cells. The results showed that EEDSM with extraction times of 5, 15, and 25 minutes had total flavonoid levels of 2.13mgQE/g, 2.36mgQE/g, and 2.61mgQE/g and cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 843μg/mL; 1007μg/mL; and 735μg/mL. EEDSM 5 and 25 minutes were shown to have moderate levels of cytotoxic activity
Antioxidant activity of formulation of Roselle calyx herbal syrup as a functional beverage
Get PDFRoselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) flowers are rich in anthocyanins and organic acids, which contribute to their characteristic red-colored calyx and sour flavor, along with notable biological activities. This study aimed to develop and optimize a functional roselle syrup formulation by incorporating selected spices—cinnamon, cloves, and cardamom—and using xanthan gum and Tween 60 as stabilizing agents. Six formulations (F1–F6) were prepared and evaluated based on their physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and stability. Among the formulations, F3 (containing 1% xanthan gum and 0.2% Tween 60) showed the most favorable results, with a pH of 2.73, viscosity of 403.3 cP, total anthocyanin content of 67.85 mg/L, and DPPH free radical inhibition of 50.43% and 64.05% at concentrations of 1% v/v and 2% v/v, respectively. Upon reconstitution at a 1:5 ratio, the syrup retained appealing organoleptic qualities, including a bright red color, sweet-sour taste, and herbal aroma. During a 42-day storage study, the syrup maintained stable viscosity and antioxidant activity for up to 21 days, with pH remaining within the acceptable range (2–4) despite a slight increase. However, anthocyanin content showed significant degradation after day 7. These findings highlight the need for further formulation improvement to enhance anthocyanin and antioxidant stability in roselle syrup products
Klasifikasi Sentimen Ulasan Aplikasi Gojek Berbasis Decision Tree Dengan Optimasi Grid Search
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan sentimen ulasan pengguna aplikasi Gojek secara otomatis menggunakan algoritma Decision Tree dengan optimasi hyperparameter GridSearchCV dan teknik penyeimbangan data SMOTE. Ulasan pengguna dari Google Play Store mencerminkan persepsi terhadap layanan, sehingga diperlukan metode analisis yang efisien. Dataset terdiri dari 44.950 ulasan yang diperoleh dari Kaggle dan diproses melalui tahapan tokenisasi, stopword removal, stemming, dan representasi numerik menggunakan TF-IDF. Model Decision Tree awal menghasilkan akurasi 87,59%. Setelah penerapan GridSearchCV dan SMOTE, akurasi model pada data seimbang menjadi 83,5% dengan F1-score 0,84. Namun, performa terhadap kelas minoritas (netral) masih rendah. Sebagai pembanding, model Random Forest menunjukkan hasil lebih baik dengan akurasi 86,5% dan F1-score 0,86. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi TF-IDF dan Decision Tree efektif untuk klasifikasi sentimen mayoritas, tetapi kurang optimal pada kelas minoritas. Penggunaan model yang lebih kompleks seperti Random Forest disarankan untuk hasil klasifikasi yang lebih merata
Enhancing Smart Grid Efficiency Through Big Data Analytics: A TOE-Based Framework for Renewable Energy Integration
Get PDFThe increasing penetration of variable renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, presents challenges in real-time data processing and system coordination within smart grids. This paper addresses the need for a systematic approach to integrate big data analytics (BDA) into renewable energy management. Anchored in the Technology–Organisation–Environment (TOE) framework, the research contributes a structured model to support digital transformation in the energy sector. The research contribution is a validated conceptual framework that defines the enablers and constraints of BDA adoption in smart grid systems. The study applied a four-phase qualitative methodology: (i) a narrative review of 65 peer-reviewed publications to extract relevant constructs; (ii) thematic synthesis to identify technological, organizational, and environmental dimensions; (iii) development of a TOE-aligned conceptual model; and (iv) expert validation involving seven industry specialists. The results indicate the framework’s robustness in supporting: (a) scalable data ingestion from distributed sources; (b) seamless integration with existing energy information systems; (c) enhanced compliance with sectoral data regulations; and (d) organisational readiness through skill and infrastructure alignment. Key refinements from expert feedback led to clearer indicators and architecture pathways. The final model offers practical guidance for energy utilities and policymakers to deploy BDA capabilities that improve resilience, operational efficiency, and sustainability. This study advances conceptual understanding and supports future empirical research on smart energy data ecosystems
Association between Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Hypertension Risk among Reproductive-Age Women: A Cross-sectional Study at Cileungsi Public Health Center, Indonesia
Get PDFHypertension remains a major public health problem that may be influenced by hormonal contraceptive use, particularly oral and injectable methods commonly used by women of reproductive age. These contraceptives have raised concerns about their potential impact on blood pressure regulation. This study aimed to investigate the association between hormonal contraceptive use and the occurrence of hypertension among women of reproductive age at the Cileungsi Public Health Centre, Bogor Regency, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 using retrospectively collected medical record data of all hormonal contraceptive users at the facility. Total sampling was applied, and data on contraceptive type, duration of use, age, parity, and the most recent blood pressure readings were analyzed. The chi-square test was employed to examine associations between hormonal contraceptive characteristics and hypertension, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. The results revealed a significant association between contraceptive type and hypertension (p = 0.01, OR = 0.27), showing that users of oral contraceptive pills were more likely to develop hypertension than injectable users. Duration of use (p = 0.03, OR = 3.06), age (p = 0.04, OR = 0.12), and parity (p = 0.01, OR = 0.21) were also significantly associated with hypertension. Women aged ≥45 years, those with longer contraceptive use, and multiparous users exhibited a higher risk of elevated blood pressure. These findings highlight that both contraceptive-related and demographic factors contribute to hypertension risk among hormonal contraceptive users. Regular blood pressure monitoring and individualized counseling are essential, especially for oral and long-term users. This study contributes local evidence supporting safer contraceptive practices and cardiovascular risk management within primary healthcare settings
Does the village community have autonomy? between constitutional recognition and international law
Get PDFIntroduction to the Problem: Although villages existed before the formation of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, constitutional provisions on village autonomy remain marginal and inconsistent after four amendments to the 1945 Constitution. This undercuts recognition of indigenous communities and meaningful participation, despite converging international doctrines that safeguard collective identity, self-governance, and local decision-making.
Purpose/Study Objectives: This study argues that any future constitutional amendment must explicitly recognize and accommodate the autonomy of village communities. It aims to articulate a paradigm of village autonomy embedded in a social-constitution framework that realizes just and equitable prosperity, aligns with international legal standards on indigenous peoples’ rights and participatory governance, and provides clear guidance for normative and operational reform.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Using a normative juridical method with descriptive-analytic specification, the research combines statutory and legal-historical approaches with targeted comparative analysis of jurisdictions that constitutionally entrench local or indigenous self-governance. International legal principles are employed as evaluative benchmarks to assess Indonesian constitutional design choices and to distil transferable safeguards (recognition, participation, jurisdiction, and fiscal arrangements).
Findings: Future villages should be constitutionally recognized as autonomous and self-sufficient communities that preserve local wisdom, ensure economic stability, and foster locally rooted growth. A reform blueprint emerges: (i) explicit constitutional status for village communities; (ii) delineated competences and guaranteed participation procedures; (iii) stable fiscal architecture; and (iv) safeguards against re-centralization. These elements uphold citizen values and constitutional ethics while harmonizing Indonesian practice with international doctrines on indigenous rights and democratic participation, thus offering actionable pathways for amendment text and implementing legislation.
Paper Type: Research Articl
Cross-resistance to antibiotics of Escherichia coli in the inpatient installation of general regional hospital “X” Bali, Indonesia
Get PDFEscherichia coli (E. coli) is a critical-priority group of MDR bacteria and its spread can occur in hospital inpatient settings. Several studies showed that antibiotics consumption for inpatients can cause E. coli resistance to other antibiotics called cross-resistance. The aim of this study to determine the cross-resistance in E. coli to antibiotics in the inpatient installation of the regional general hospital "X" in Bali, Indonesia by analyzing the relationship between the antibiotic consumption and the percentage of antibiotic resistance of E. coli. This research is an ecological study with the independent variable is the antibiotics consumption defined as defined daily doses/100 bed-days and the dependent variable is the percentage of E. coli resistance during 2017-2020. The correlation between the level of antibiotic consumption and the percentage of E. coli resistance to antibiotics was analyzed using the Pearson correlation tests. The results showed that the consumption of tetracycline had a significant correlation with increased resistance of E. coli to meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam (r=0.8-1.0; p<0.05). This showed that there is cross-resistance in E. coli. This incident is associated with selective pressure, horizontal and vertical gene transfer in E. coli. The consumption of tetracycline, apart from inducing the production of the tet gene which is the cause of resistance to tetracycline, can also induce the production of resistance genes to broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics such as piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem
Antioxidant and antiinflammatory of clove extract (Syzigium aromaticum) in skeletal muscle damage
Get PDFClove extract is a natural ingredient abundant in Indonesia that has various benefits, including being an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Although Research has been conducted, it has been limited to discussing the effects of clove extract on muscle damage. This study aims to determine the effect of clove extract on skeletal muscle damage due to excessive eccentric exercise in mice. We used experimental research methods by a post-test only with control group design. Fifteen male mice were randomized into 5 groups. Group I: Normal control, Group II: Negative control, treatment group with a dose of 100 mg/kg BW, treatment group with a dose of 150 mg/kg BW, and treatment group with a dose of 250 mg/kg BW. Measurement of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase (NOX) and Toll Like Receptor4 (TLR 4) levels were carried out using the ELISA method via Quadriceps muscle samples, and skeletal muscle damage was viewed through an x1000 light microscope. The results of this study carried out using ANOVA showed results of p 0.004 and 0.006, which means that there was a decrease in oxidative stress as measured using NOX and a decrease in the inflammatory stimulator TLR 4 in skeletal muscle damage due to eccentric exercise.ANOVA test results show that there are differences in influence between treatment groups and show that clove extract has benefits as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in muscle damage. According to this study, clove extract has the potential to be an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory which can reduce NOX levels and reduce the inflammatory, mediator TLR4 in muscle damage caused by excessive eccentric exercise
Ethanol solvent and pH effect on antioxidant activity of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Get PDFAir pollution induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause tissue damage when excessive. Antioxidants help counteract this damage, and purple sweet potatoes, rich in anthocyanins, are a promising natural antioxidant source. This study aimed to determine the effect of solvent acidity variations on the antioxidant activity of purple sweet potato (PSP) tuber extract and identify the optimal pH condition. Using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assay, ethanol solvents at different pH levels (non-acidified ethanol, pH 2.5, pH 2, and pH 1.5) were tested. The results showed that higher acidity enhanced antioxidant activity, with the strongest activity observed at pH 1.5, yielding an IC50 value of 9.74±0.23 ppm. Although less potent than Vitamin C (IC50 1.22±0.04 ppm), the extract demonstrated significant potential as a natural antioxidant source. Further studies on anthocyanin content are recommended to better understand its contribution to antioxidant activity
Formulation of Body Lotion Ethanol Extract of Kepundung Bark (Baccaurea Macrocarpa (Miq.) Mull Arg.) and Antioxidant Activity Test
Get PDFThe bark of kepundung (Baccaurea macrocarpa (Miq.) Mull Arg.) contains secondary metabolite compounds from polyphenols such as flavonoids, phenolic, terpenoids, and alkaloids, which have the potential for natural antioxidants. This research aims to evaluate of ethanol extract from kepundung bark and formulate the body lotion to test its antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Body lotion formulas were made with variations in the concentration 0.4, 1.0, and 1.6% of ethanol extract of kepundung bark as active ingredients. The evaluation of body lotion included organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, type of body lotion, stability, viscosity, irritation, and antioxidant activity tests. The results of the physical evaluation of the body lotion meet the requirements. Namely, all formulas are homogeneous, according to skin pH, the viscosity of the preparation ranges from 2500 cP, stable, and does not irritate. The value IC50 antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of kepundung bark was 4.04 ppm. The value IC50 antioxidant activity body lotion at F1, F2, and F3 respect 41.91, 36.98, and 33.13 ppm. The result showed the best formula is F3 with a value IC50 33.13 ppm. Based on the study, the ethanol extract of depending bark and the body lotion has very strong antioxidant activity