Medical Laboratory Technology Journal
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Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Microscopic Technique of Sputum AFB and ICT (Cocktail Antigen) TB
Get PDFTuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The diagnosis of pulmonary TB in general still relies on microscopic examination with a sputum smear for Acid Fast Basil (AFB). Microscopic examination to detect M. tuberculosis has high specificity, but the sensitivity is 35-70%. The sputum culture method is the gold standard for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB but requires a long time, which is 6-8 weeks. In recent years ICT (Immuno Chromatography Test) has been introduced to identify potential and useful TB antigens to help diagnose pulmonary TB. Antigens detected were ESAT-6, CFP-10, CFP-21, and MPT-64. This study aims to compare the results of the examination of specimens of suspect TB sputum with the ICT method and AFB. This study based on observational with analytic design cross-sectional on 56 samples of Stored Biological Material suspects TB that were examined by the AFB method and the ICT method (Cocktail Antigen). Statistical test results Fisher Exact (α = 0.05) showed no difference between microscopic examination of smear sputum and ICT (Cocktail Antigen) TB (p = 1,000). Nevertheless, the use of ICT reagents for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB still needs to be further investigated, especially to find out the exact causes of false positive and false negative reactions
Microfilaria Detection on Giemsa Blood Smears using Real-Time PCR
Get PDFFilariasis is an infectious disease caused by filarial worms, which found in many tropical and subtropical regions. In 2017, 12,677 cases of chronic filariasis were found in Indonesia, which 132 cases of them were from Central Kalimantan province. Data of Kapuas District Health Office shows 17 cases filariasis in 2015. Frequently, filariasis patients did not show any diseases symptoms, especially when the level of microfilariae in the blood is deficient. On the other hand, microscopic assay with Giemsa blood smears is still the gold standard to define filariasis. Thus, a false negative result may occur due to a low level of microfilariae in the blood. In this study, we develop a real-time PCR method, targeting the HhaI gene of filaria, to detect filarial worm from stored Giemsa blood taken from filariasis patients, in both dry and wet scraping methods. Our result shows that real-time PCR can detect Brugia malayi in all scraping samples, with Ct value from wet scraping sample tends to be higher than dry scraping. In conclusion, the real-time PCR method can be further used to define filariasis, especially in the condition when Giemsa smear blood cannot determine patient filariasis status
Association of the TG/HDL-C and Monocyte Count/HDL-C Ratios with Coronary Artery Disease in Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Get PDFMonocyte Count/HDL ratio (MHR) is a simple and inexpensive parameter used as a risk predictor in patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction (MI). This study aims to investigate the association between Triglyceride/HDL-C (TG/HDL-C) ratio and coronary artery disease in patients diagnosed with non-ST segment elevation MI (NSTEMI). Total of 100 patients, 50 patients with NSTEMI and 50 healthy individuals, who had admitted to the cardiology outpatient clinic between January 2018 and January 2019 included in the study. Higher monocyte count, MHR, and TG/HDL-C ratios detected in patients with coronary artery disease in comparison to healthy individuals. Although monocyte count was higher in NSTEMI group, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.101). There was an increase in the MHR NSTEMI group when compared against the control group (
Relationship Between Gender, Age, Duration And Frequency Of Hemodialysis Therapy With The Creatinine Level reduction Of Pre And Post Hemodialysis
Get PDFThe kidneys are organs of the body that function to regulate water balance in the body, the concentration of electrolytes in the blood and acid-base balance and secretion of waste material. If the kidney fails to function, the patient will need immediate treatment and even undergo hemodialysis (HD) therapy. A critical indicator in determining whether a person with impaired kidney function requires HD therapy is to know the creatinine level. The study aimed to ascertain the differences in creatinine levels pre and post HD also study the relationship between the age, gender, duration and frequency of HD therapy of respondents with the decrease of creatinine levels pre and post. Type of research detailed survey with a cross-sectional design. The sample was taken using a total sampling technique of 35 respondents from H BadaruddinKasimHospitalin Tanjung with a sample examination technique using the Jaffe method. The examination results of creatinine levels average for pre and post hemodialysis was11,36 and 5,58 mg/dl, which decreased 51%. The analysis statistically used Paired T-Test has a p-value = 0,000, indicating a significant difference for creatinine levels pre and post HD. Relationship between Age, Gender, Duration, and Frequency of HD Therapy with the decrease of creatinine levels pre and post HD was analyzed with Spearmen correlation and had p values more than 0,05. It means there was no relation between them. Conclusion there were significant differences in creatinine levels reduction pre and post HD while the relationship between the four of respondent characteristics to the magnitude of creatinine reduction show that there was no significant relationship
Analysis between Platelet Count and Blood Groups in Apheresis Platelet Donors with Demographic Features
Get PDFPlatelet transfusion is used to prevent bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction. Purpose of investigating demographic characteristics of eligible volunteers as platelet donors and of demonstrating the association of platelet counts with blood groups as well as other factors. We used data of individuals who referred to a blood center in our hospital. Age, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and gender were determined, and than hemogram values such as leukocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet and ABO blood types of those individuals were identified. A statistically significant difference determined for height, body weight, and BMI in both genders. Although BMI was lower in the group of platelet count ≤ 250, it was higher in a group of platelet count > 250. Furthermore, platelet count was more moderate in blood group O Rh-positive but, no significant difference was group O Rh-negative. Platelet count was higher in other Rh-positive blood groups than Rh negatives. BMI is vital in apheresis donors, and individuals with higher BMI values may prefer in case of double dose or more apheresis need. The determination of platelet counts in Rh positives is more elevated than Rh negatives
Serum Uric Acid Level in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression
Get PDFThe purinergic system plays a role in the regulation of mood, motor activity, cognitive function, sleep, and behavior. Purinergic mechanisms can also play a role in various neuropsychiatric diseases. The objective of this study is to assess whether uric acid levels in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression are different in comparison to healthy controls and to determine the clinical parameters that can be associated with the uric acid level. This retrospective study consisted of 31 patients with major depressive disorder and 31 patients with bipolar disorder depressive episode and 31 healthy control subjects. The mean serum uric acid levels were found as follows: major depression patient group 4.56 (± 1.53) mg/dL, bipolar depression patient group 5.38 (± 1.43) mg/dL and control group 4.86 (± 1.56) mg/dL. There was no significant difference between patients and the control groups in terms of serum uric acid levels (P=0.075). Serum uric acid levels do not differ significantly in bipolar and unipolar depression. Also, there was no difference between patients and control. Therefore, studying the uric acid metabolism in major depression and bipolar disorder depressive episode according to the symptom severity with larger sample groups is suggested
Analysis between Adrenal MRI Mass Size and 1 mg Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Patients with Adrenal Incidentaloma
Get PDFThis study aimed to investigate the correlation of adrenal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mass size and 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test results in patients with adrenal incidentaloma diagnosis. Eighty-six patients (82.6% female) with incidentally discovered adrenal masses, diagnosed and treated in the Department of Endocrinology Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital between June and August 2017, were included in the analysis. All the patients evaluated for their hormonal functionality. 24-h urinary excretion of cortisol did not correlate with tumor size. But there was a positive correlation between longer adrenal nodule diameter and metanephrine, and there was a negative correlation between shorter adrenal nodule diameter and renin levels. We found that smaller and clinically “silent” tumors often do not demonstrate subclinical hormonal activity
Young and Old Sugar Apple (Annona squamosa Linn) Leaf Extracts As an Aedes aegypti Larva Insecticide
Get PDFVector-borne diseases are still a health problem in some tropical countries. One vector-borne disease is Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). DHF never decreases and even tends to continue to increase, and many cause deaths in children, 90% of them attack children under 15 years. DHF cases in 2018 amounted to 65,602 cases, with 467 deaths (CFR = 0.71%). The behavior of holding water in various places such as tubs and tendons indirectly creates a breeding place for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The use of chemicals as insecticides can cause the death of non-target animals, environmental pollution, and the occurrence of vector resistance to insecticides. Therefore it is necessary to do other methods including the use of vegetable insecticides. Sugar apple leaves can be used to kill Aedes aegypti larvae. Sugar apple leaves will obtain throughout the year. The purpose of this study is to know the ability of young and old sugar apple leaves to kill Aedes aegypti larvae. This type of research is a posttest only control group design. The study sample was part of the Aedes aegypti larvae on the final instar III. The experiment to kill Aedes aegypti larvae use two types of sugar apple leaf extract, namely young and old sugar apple leaves with nine treatments four replications. Each treatment consisted of 25 larvae. The research results show There was no significant difference in the number of dead larvae using either extracts from young sugar apple leaves or old sugar apple leaves. LC90 of sugar apple leaf extract was between 0.05632 to 0.08324% and the effective residual age at LC90 (0.06568%) with the death of Aedes aegypti larvae was 92% over 24 hours (1 day)
Prognostic Value of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio in Lung Cancer
Get PDFNumerous studies determined that the neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratios (PLR) had prognostic value in several cancer types. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NLR and PLR values with the survival time of lung cancer patients. Patients diagnosed with lung cancer between January 2014 and December 2016, were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic characteristics, disease stages, laboratory parameters recorded, and the relationship of NLR and PLR values with the survival time and the disease stage evaluated. NLR and PLR were categorized into two groups. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for the statistical analysis. ROC analysis, Student T-test, Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney U test were used. Mean age of 62±8 years were included in the study. In the NSCLC group, the average NLR and PLR values were 4±3.35 and 194.6±144.4 respectively. Regarding the NSCLC group, the overall survival time was shorter in the subgroup with an NLR >3.43 (13.1 months) compared to the subgroup with an NLR ≤3.43 (24.3 months). The mean survival time was shorter in the group with a PLR > 136.9 compared to the group with a PLR ≤136.9 (15.9 and 24.6 months respectively). Subgroups consisting of survivors and non-survivors in the NSCLC group showed a statistically significant difference considering neutrophil and lymphocyte count, CRP, NLR, and PLR values (
Investigation of the Pathogenesis and Treatment Efficiency of Bevacizumab-Induced Hypertension in the Rat Model
Get PDFBevacizumab is known to reduce Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) to undetectable levels when used in conjunction with chemotherapy. Hypertension is a frequent adverse effect of bevacizumab, although its mechanism(s) remain unclear. In this study, our aim was to examine the pathogenesis of bevacizumab-induced hypertension and to investigate the treatment efficacy of valsartan. A total of 24 Wistar Albino female rats were included in the study. Rats were divided into three groups with 8 rats in each, as follows: The control group, bevacizumab group and bevacizumab + valsartan group. Blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were measured, urine samples were collected for 24 hours statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 20 software pack. Nephrectomy specimens in bevacizumab and bevacizumab + valsartan groups exhibited varying degrees of renal injury. Although valsartan was able to reduce the bevacizumab-induced rise in blood pressure, it could not prevent the development of nephropathy. Conclusions these findings suggest that hypertension occurring secondary to bevacizumab treatment in rats may be associated with mechanisms involving renal injury