Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
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Volcanoes and their hazard to aviation
No full textIn March 2013, the Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) celebrated the 20th anniversary of its activity. This team, which was created by the joint efforts of Russian and American scientists, analyzes on a daily basis the data supplied by the complex (seismic, video, visual, and satellite) monitoring system of volcanoes of Kamchatka and the Northern Kuril Islands to notify airline companies and all interested organizations about potential hazards
Dynamic of the lava flows during the Tolbachik Fissure eruption in 2012-2013 (Kamchatka) inferred from the satellite and ground-based observations
No full textFissure eruption on the slope of Plosky Tolbachik volcano continued from November 27th, 2012 until September
2013. It was named as The Institute of Volcanology and Seismology 50th Anniversary Fissure Tolbachik Eruption.
The eruption started from the 5 km-long fissure opening and continued with the intensive lava effusion from it.
During the first two days of eruption the length of the lava flows was 9 km, and lava covered the area of 14.4
km2 (Gordeev et al., 2013). Lava discharge rate at this period was about 400 m3/sec. Two eruptive centers were
formed on the fissure – upper (Menyailov vent) and lower (Naboko vent), and lava gushed from them to the height
up to 200-300 meters. On December 1st, the Menyailov vent activity ceased, and the eruption concentrated at the
Naboko vent. Cinder cone was formed here, and lava flows effused from the base of the cone. Lava erupted from
the Menyailov vent, is different from the Naboko vent lava by higher silica content (SiO2 55.35 wt.% vs. 52.5
wt.%, respectively). That may be caused by the discharge of two levels of the magma chamber, fractionated to
a different extent. Morphologically, lava flows from the beginning of eruption until April 2013 were dominantly
aa-lava type, and from April until September 2013 pahoehoe type dominated.
For distinguishing of the dynamic of the lava flows the following methods were applied. As remote sensing methods
we used different satellite data – for specification of the area covered by lava flows, their length, temperature we
used Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8, ASTER, EO-1 ALI and HYPERION. For time averaged discharge rate (TADR)
and lava flow area determination we used AVHRR data. We detected that in December 2013 lava discharge rate
varied from 120 to 40 m3/sec, and then it gradually decreased to average values 5-15 m3/sec and remained on this
level until the end of eruption. These data are confirmed by the ground-based observations, which were conducted
during the entire period of eruption. At the end of eruption in September 2013, lava flows area was about 36 km2, the maximum length of the lava flow – 15 km
Геолого-геоморфологические последствия трещинного Толбачинского извержения 2012-2013 годов (Камчатка)
No full textПространственно-временные соотношения вулканических ассоциаций разной щелочности Белоголовского массива (Срединный хребет Камчатки). Часть 1. Геология, минералогия и петрология вулканических пород
Get PDFПредложена геолого-петрологическая модель формирования Белоголовского вулканического массива позднеплиоценового–раннеплейстоценового времени. Выделено две петрохимические серии пород разной щелочности: нормальной и умеренно-щелочной. Характер эволюции продуктов вулканизма и минералогический состав пород разной щелочности свидетельствуют о пространственной независимости и разной глубине очагов родительских магм их продуцирующих. Ведущим процессом, ответственным за образование расплавов, исходных для спектра пород внутри каждой серии, является кристаллизационная дифференциация. Эволюция щелочно-базальтовой магмы проходила ступенчато с образованием автономных дочерних расплавов состава: трахибазальты–трахиандезиты–трахиты–трахириолиты, комендиты, локализованных в разноглубинных промежуточных очагах
2009 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands—Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory
No full textThe Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, volcanic unrest, and reports of unusual activity at or near eight separate volcanic centers in Alaska during 2009. The year was highlighted by the eruption of Redoubt Volcano, one of three active volcanoes on the western side of Cook Inlet and near south-central Alaska's population and commerce centers, which comprise about 62 percent of the State's population of 710,213 (2010 census). AVO staff also participated in hazard communication and monitoring of multiple eruptions at ten volcanoes in Russia as part of its collaborative role in the Kamchatka and Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Teams
О геодинамическом детекторе гравитационных волн
No full textПроводится обзор гравитационных явлений. Обращается внимание на то, что все эти движения и их вариации находят свое проявление в геологических процессах и коррелируют с геофизическими полями. Формулируется вывод о существовании взаимосвязи между геодинамическими процессами и гравитационными (космической природы в том числе) явлениями