Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
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Современная активность вулканов Северной группы Камчатки
No full textСеверная группа вулканов Камчатки – уникальна. Она является своеобразной “горячей точкой планеты”, здесь находятся одни из самых активных вулканов мира: Шивелуч, Ключевской и Безымянный. Каждый из вулканов обладает оригинальными магматической системой, составом эруптивных продуктов, особенностями развития. В то же время они иногда работают одновременно, а иногда откликаются на активность друг друга. Описанию их эруптивной деятельности с середины прошлого века до наших дней и посвящена монография
Eruptive Products from the Bezymianny Volcano Eruption of April 7, 2023
No full textWe have obtained the first data on the chemical composition of the eruptive materials from the explosive eruption of Bezymianny volcano on April 7, 2023. Our unique collection includes freshly sampled pumice lapilli from the eruption and juvenile blocks from pyroclastic flows. We have identified interesting patterns in both macro components and specific chalcophile elements, such as copper. The rocks we studied belong to medium-K two-pyroxene basaltic andesite (55.5‒57 wt % SiO2), with mafic enclaves characterized by a slightly more primitive composition (53.7 wt % SiO2). According to mineral geothermometry data, the phenocrysts of basaltic andesite crystallized at temperatures in the range from 940 to 960°C, while the formation of phenocryst rims and microlites occurred at 980°C, which corresponds to conditions immediately before the eruption. The composition of volcanic glass allows us to estimate the pressure at which the magma reached the last equilibrium with crystallizing phases before eruption (0.5‒0.6 kbar). Based on these findings, we have formulated hypotheses about the potential evolution of the shallow magma chamber of Bezymianny volcano during the period from 2017 to 2023
Feeding system beneath active volcanoes in central part of Iturup Island (Kuril Arc) inferred from local earthquake tomography
No full textThe Expanding Earth, Climate Engineering and Earthquake Processes
Get PDFThis article examines the issue of future directions of climate engineering in light of the consequences of the Earth’s expansion process. One of the directions of climate engineering should be the study of seismic problems because the state of the geosphere affects not only the atmosphere but also the processes taking place in the bowels of the planet. If we accept the hypothesis
of an expanding Earth [1], then rapid changes in meteorological conditions on the planet will become clear, and the secrets of earthquake processes will come out of the shadow of existing misconceptions among most geophysicists of the world and scientists will understand the mechanisms of energy formation of seismic processes. However, there are multiple arguments of world geophysicists testifying against the hypothesis of an expanding Earth, and in their opinion, scientists supporting this hypothesis allegedly did not provide mechanisms for the expansion of the planet [2]. In turn, the development of the theory of plate tectonics and the alleged discovery of the processes of formation of subduction zones led to the recognition of the hypothesis of
plate tectonics by the world scientific community as the main theory of geophysics and sent science straight into a dead end of false conclusions, from which modern geophysics has not found a way out. And it was enough to listen to A. Einstein and a march into the jungle of unfounded fantasies could be very easily avoided. Everything is extremely simple, but this makes it obvious and incomprehensible to most geophysicists that energy is matter, and
matter is energy. For example, only the total amount of solar energy that our planet absorbs, including the atmosphere, land surface, and mirrors of the seas and oceans, is ~3,850,000 EJ per year [3]. And this is without taking into account the energy supply from space in the form of highly energetic particles. This scientific fact, which cannot be denied, must inevitably lead to the
formation of matter and, consequently, to the expansion of the planet, because any high school student knows the physical concept of the equivalence of mass and energy arising from the theory of relativity A. Einstein [4], according to which the energy of a body at rest is equivalent to its mass multiplied by the square of the speed of light in a vacuum: E = mc2
. That is, whether we like it or not, the energy of the Sun and Space, as it has been transformed for billions of years into matter familiar to us: rocks, gases, minerals, and fluids, will be transformed, in accordance with the laws of science. Otherwise,
all the proponents of the expanding Earth hypothesis will have to declare that Mr. Einstein’s formula E = mc2 does not correspond to reality and recognize the great scientist as a falsifier. Therefore, no matter what far-fetched arguments in the form of mythical subduction zones geophysicists give, no matter what “exotic laws of local significance” they invent, no matter how cynically they mock the fundamental laws of science—all energy entering the planet is necessarily processed and will be processed into matter with an increase in the volume of the planet. Without any exceptions! Only one biochemical process of photosynthesis continuously occurring in algae in one year brings ~3.6 × 1011 tons of oxygen into the Earth’s atmosphere [5], which significantly exceeds the amount of hydrogen and helium “immigrating” into space.
Even if we take a geological epoch of one hundred million years, the evidence of an increase in the volume of the Earth only due to oxygen (3.6 × 1011 × 107 tons) becomes quite convincing. the surface area of the Earth is constantly increasing, then the processes of expansion of the planet increase exponentially, which inevitably leads to an increase in seismic activity and volcanic
activity, and the increase in the volume of the planet itself serves as a lever for changing the meteorological conditions of the planet’s existence and one of the sources of seismic energy formation. In this article, we will consider seismic processes in light of the expanding Earth hypothesis
Извержения вулкана Ключевской в 2023–2024 гг. по данным дистанционного мониторинга в информационной системе VolSatView
Get PDFВулкан Ключевской — один из активнейших вулканов мира. В 2023–2024 гг. произошли два вершинных извержения: эксплозивно-эффузивное с 22 июня по 5 ноября 2023 г. и эксплозивное с 27 декабря 2023 г. по 2 января 2024 г. Эксплозивные фазы извержений проявлялись преимущественно в стромболианской активности, вулканская была менее продолжительной. Во время пароксизмальной фазы извержения с 31 октября по 2 ноября 2023 г. эксплозии поднимали пепел до 14 км над уровнем моря, пепловые шлейфы протягивались более чем на 3200 км преимущественно в восточных направлениях от вулкана. Эффузивная фаза извержения продолжалась c 19 июля до 5 ноября 2023 г.: лавовые потоки изливались преимущественно по Апахончичскому и Козыревскому желобам, этот процесс часто сопровождался фреатическими взрывами и обрушениями тефры с бортов желобов, пепел при этом поднимался до 7,5 км над уровнем моря. Детальный мониторинг извержения проводился в реальном времени с помощью системы видеонаблюдения, а также различных спутниковых данных в информационной системе «Дистанционный мониторинг активности вулканов Камчатки и Курил» (VolSatView, http://kamchatka.volcanoes.smislab.ru)
Развитие методов комплексного морфометрического анализа рельефа для оценки тектонической раздробленности недр
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