Kes Mas: Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Factors Associated with Cigarettes Use among High School Students in Jakarta
Full text linkBackground: Tobacco epidemic is in alarming state in Indonesia. More than one-third of people reported as active smoker. The trend of cigarettes use has been vastly growth since past decade particularly among adolescent. The study aims to find out factor associated with cigarettes use among high school students in Jakarta. Method: The study design was cross sectional. A selfadministrated questionare were constructed. A total of 1,318 students from 14 schools all over Jakarta were participated. The data was examined by multiple logistic regressions. Result: The result revealed the prevalence of cigarettes smoking was 21.5% of experimental and 16.2% of past 30 days. Gender, smoking behavior of mother and brother were found as significant predictors of cigarettes smoking. Being male were five times (AOR:5.323, 95% CI:4.143-6.838) more likely to become cigattes smoker than female. The study showed that tobacco use was major public health threat in Indonesia. Conclusion: Government must issue a stronger regulation immediately to reduce tobacco epidemic
Analisis Manajemen Pelayanan Gizi di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Grhasia Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Full text linkBackground: Management of nutrition service was needed by a hospital management because the more difficult in achieving a good customer services including patients. The problems of nutrition services in hospital had lack of quantity and quality of nutrionist and staffs. The aimed of this research to evaluate the nutrition of department system. Method: This study was a descriptive research with qualitatif approach. The subjects were the chief medical support, the head of hospital nutrition department, nutritionists, and staff of nutrisionist. The tool of this study was indepth interview method. The data analysis used content analysis. Results: The research showed that nutrition care planning had been implemented and according to thenutrition departments in hospital, the organization was in good order, the implementation of nutrition services had been going well and according to the nutrition departments in hospital but care activities has not run regularly, supervision has been going well, and evaluation has been going well. Conclusion: The implementation of nutrition services in hospital had a good of management system, while the lack of planning and services were identified
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI KADAR GETAH BUAH PEPAYA (Carica papaya, L.) TERHADAP JUMLAH KUMULATIF KEMATIAN LARVA Aedes aegypti
Full text linkAbstractBackground: Papaya is a kind of plats which has the medicinal effect. Papaya’s sap (latex) contains papain, cimopapain and lysozim as protein destructor enzyme. Satrija guess that these enzymes has an anthelmintical activity. The research aim was to know the influence of papaya’s sap (latex) as a larvacide in several kind of doses (concentration).Methods: This research was true experimental design with posttest only control group design. Papaya’s sap was made as powder, afterward it was used for the research to know influence of Papaya’s sap in several kinds of doses (consentration) related to larval cumulative mortality rate of Aedes aegypti. Larvicidal activity was calculated based on larval mortality after 24 hours of exposure that was taken notes for each treated group. Data processing used SPSS program version 11,0 with significance 95% that contains data normality test, varians homogeneity test, One Way Anova, and Scheffe Post Hoc Test to know difference in larval cumulative mortality rate.Results: The result from Anova test shown a significant result in cause larval cumulative mortality rate of Aedes aegypti (p-value < 0.05) in comparison with negative gontrol group. Treated group with Papaya’s sap 1% shown higest larvacidal activity.Conclusion: Papaya’s sap has larvacidal activity at the concentration of 0,16%; 0,3%; 0,5%; and 1%. At concentration of 1%, papaya’s sap shown higest larvacidal activity and shown a significant result. Keywords: papaya, larvacide, larvae of Aedes aegypt
FAKTOR RISIKO DALAM PENGGUNAAN PESTISIDA PADA PETANI DI BERASTAGI KABUPATEN KARO 2014
No full textAbstractBackground:Pesticide application was a serious problem showed from occupational safety and health aspect. This research purposed to analyze the risk factor in pesticide application at farmer in Kecamatan Berastagi Karo Regency. Method:This research was used explanatory research with cross sectional design. Sample reach by purposive sampling technique from all population which has a spray farmer of pesticide. The data was collect by observation and direct interview. The variable in this research are how the risk of pesticide application based related with the health complain because using the pesticide. The data were analyzed by chi-square test.Result: The result showed there was a significant relation between, pesticide types (p value = 0,021), work period (p value=0,002) and frequencies of times to spray (hour/day) by p value = 0,018 with health complained that feels by the pesticide spray farmers.spray facility that potential effect by direct contact was not association with thr health complained.Samely with spray frequencies. Spraying farmers in Brastagi has risk to be toxic from direct contact because they are not using the personal safety equipment in completely and uncorrect using of pesticide from saving process that near by their kitchen and affected by the sun rising, in mixing process where using their hand to mix the pesticide, not care to wind flows when they spray the pesticide, and uncorrect throw the residue of pesticides in their land. Conclusion: there was a relationship between pesticide types, work period and frequencies of times to spray. There is no association between spray facility and spray frequencies. Recommendation to the regency goverment to promote and train the farmers the correct of pesticide using. Beside to do the health screening to prevent the pesticide toxicity. Key word: pesticide, spraying pesticide farmers, pesticide application, pesticide toxicity  AbstrakLatar Belakang:Penggunaan pestisida merupakan permasalahan yang perlu diperhatikan terutama dalam aspek keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor risiko dalam penggunaan pestisida terhadap keluhan kesehatan pada petani di Kabupaten Karo.Metode:Jenis penelitian ini adalah explanatory research dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling dari seluruh populasi penyemprot pestisida di Kecamatan Berastagi. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara langsung. Variabel yang diteliti adalahrisiko penggunaan pestisida berdasarkan lama kerja, waktu kerja, jenis pestisida dan proses penggunaan pestisida yaitu pencampuran pestisida, penyemprotan pestisida, dan penyimpanan pestisida. Hasil yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji Chi square.Hasil:Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang significant antara jenis pestisida yang digunakan (p value = 0,021), lama kerja (p value=0,002), dan frekuensi lama penyemprotan (jam/hari) dengan p value = 0,018 dengan keluhan kesehatan yang dirasakan petani penyemprot pestisida. Penggunaan alat semprot yang berpotensi terjadi kontak langsung dengan pestisida tidak memiliki hubungan yang significant dengan keluhan kesehatan yang dirasakan petani. Sama halnya dengan frekuensi penyemprotan juga tidak memiliki hubungan dengan keluhan kesehatan.  Petani penyemprot pestisida di Kecamatan Berastagi berisiko mengalami keracunan pestisida melalui kontak langsung akibat tidak menggunakan pelindung diri yang lengkap dan penggunaan pestisida yang tidak tepat yaitu mulai dari proses penyimpanan yang dekat dengan dapur dan terkena sinar matahari, proses pencampuran dimana masih ada petani yang mencampur pestisida di wadah dengan menggunakan tangan, proses penyemprotan yang tidak memperhatikan arah angin, hingga pembuangan wadah pestisida habis pakai yang sembarang di lahan perkebunan.Kesimpulan:Terdapat hubungan antara jenis pestisida, lama kerja dan frekuensi lama penyemprotan.  Tidak ada hubungan jenis alat penyemprot dan frekuensi penyemprotan. Disarankan agar petani diberi penyuluhan dan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kepatuhan dalam penggunaan pestisida yang aman dan tepat dan sesuai prosedur. Di samping itu perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan untuk mencegah efek keracunan pestisida. Kata Kunci: pestisida, petani penyemprot, proses penggunaan pestisida, keracunan pestisidaÂ
PENGARUH STERILISASI OZON TERHADAP PENURUNAN ANGKA KUMAN UDARA DI RUANG RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PKU MUHAMMADIYAH BANTUL 2014
Full text linkAbstractBackground: Nosocomial infections are infections that are acquired from hospital that when the patient is in the process of care after ± 72 hours. In order to minimize cases of nosocomial infection need control from hospital. Control of nosocomial infections in hospitals include prevention and control activities. To reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infections need to take measures eliminate disease-causing germs from the source of infection, preventing the bacteria reach the patient and keep vulnerable patients. The most important factor is hygiene and personal hygiene as well as hospitals, one of which is to perform decontamination and sterilization treatment rooms. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of ozone sterilization of the air germ reduction in inpatient in PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Bantul.Methods: This study used design of experiments (one group pre and post test design),with a number of research subjects, namely air germs in PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Bantul. Data were analyzed used paired samplet-test.Result: no effect between ozone sterilization to decrease number of bacteriain the airspace at the inpatient unit in PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Bantul with p value 0,051 (CI 95% = 0,101-32,545). Conclusion:there is no effect between ozone sterilization to decrease number of bacteriain the air space at the inpatient unit in PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Bantul 2014. Keywords: ozone sterilizer, air germ rate, inpatient unit  AbstrakLatarbelakang: Infeksi nosokomial adalah infeksi yang diperoleh dari rumah sakit yaitu infeksi yang didapat ketika pasien sedang dalam proses perawatan setelah ± 72 jam. Untuk meminimal kasus infeksi nosokomial perlu dilakukan pengendalian. Pengendalian infeksi nosokomial di rumah sakit meliputi kegiatan pencegahan dan penanggulangan. Untuk mengurangi terjadinya infeksi nosokomial perlu dilakukan langkah-langkah menghilangkan kuman penyebab penyakit dari sumber infeksi, mencegah kuman tersebut mencapai penderita dan menjauhkan penderita yang rentan. Faktor yang paling penting adalah higiene dan kebersihan perorangan maupun rumah sakit, salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan dekontaminasi dan sterilisasi ruang perawatan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh sterilisasi ozon terhadap penurunan angka kuman udara di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul.Metode: Penelitian ini dengan menggunakan eksperimen dengan rancangan Ulang (one group pre and post test design), dengan subjek penelitian yaitu angka kuman udara di ruang rawat inap RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik yaitu paired sample t-test.Hasil: tidak ada pengaruh antara sterilisasi ozon terhadap penurunan angka kuman udara di ruang rawat inap di RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul dengan pvalue 0,051 (CI 95% = 0,101-32,545). .Kesimpulan: tidak ada pengaruh antara sterilisasi ozon terhadap penurunan angka kuman udara di ruang rawat inap di RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul 2014. Kata Kunci: sterilisasi ozon, angka kuman udara, ruang rawat ina
VALIDITAS PEMERIKSAAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN MENGGUNAKAN METODE HB METER PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI MAN WONOSARI
Full text linkAbstractBackground: Anemia is still a nutritional problem in worldwide, especially in developing countries. Anemia is a medical condition which the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin less than 12 gram/100ml. Determination to know anemia can be performed by laboratory test for examine the levels of hemoglobin. The level of hemoglobin test is one of the routine blood tests are needed to diagnose a disease. Many methods are used for examine hemoglobin levels, including methods tallquist, sahli, kupersulfat and cyanmethemoglobine. There is more practical hemoglobin levels test tool which used Hb meter. Gold standard used for checking hemoglobin levels are cyanmethemoglobine method.Method: This research was a descriptive study which used laboratory test. The samples in this research were teenage girl class III in MAN Wonosari.Result: The sensitivity velues is based on the results was 45.45%, while the specificity values was 64.61%. False positive values was 35.58%, while the false negative velue was 54.54%.Conclusion: Sensitivity and specificity velues on this research this showed had result is not good Keyword: Hb meter, sensitivity, anemia, teenage girl, specificit
SAFETY CULTURE TO PREVENT INFECTION IN NORMAL BIRTH CARE BY VILLAGE MIDWIVES ATEAST LOMBOK NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Full text linkBackground: Normal birth care is one of midwife’s competence within the most of risks to both women and midwife. Limited of health facilities and social culture are major problem of midwifery care. In fact, infection cases have been occurring and become a significant cause in maternal death. At East Lombok most of 93,33% birth was provided by midwife. It was a tricky to explain that midwife does not work as well.Aim: to describe safety culture to prevent infection during normal birth care at rural area.Method: qualitative study with focus group discussion and in-depth have done for 8 midwives from 6 sub-district at East Lombok. We selected midwife who have done at least 1 year and have experience in preventing infection during birth care.Result: Midwives struggled to perform the rule of normal birth care with the limited facilities. Cultural sensitivity restricted to use personal protective equipment. To build safety culture in their work, social culture became an obstacles more than support system and policy. Lack of knowledge about safety care on rural area is one of problem they said.Conclusion: Culture sensitivity is something to consider in safety care, although considerable to standard care is essential in midwifery care. Culture safety care concept particularly for prevent infection at remote area are needed to expand in the midwifery curriculum. Â
Patient Safety In Intensive Care Unit Siloam Hospitals Manado, Indonesia: An Overview
Full text linkThe intensive care unit (ICU) is a complex and dynamic environment. Mistake does occur, sometimes with severe consequences. The most common errors reported are concerning airway management and invasive lines, tubes and drains. This research comprised of quantitative review methods to overview the implementation of patient safety and ICU. This research used descriptive research design while investigation underwent within the ward for one week. Data extraction process used questionnaire method to involve all staff members within ICU of Siloam Hospitals Manado. Cronbach’s alpha shows result of 0.854, which is higher than r table for n 96. The questionnaire was deemed reliable. Research showed that ICU staffs have good knowledge, attitude, competencies, situation awareness, leadership, communication, teamwork and team leadership as well as decision making related to patient safety. Moreover, ICU staff was burnt-out due to high workload, more than each staff can bear. Further result showed that fire prevention, life saving control, room and equipments, chemicals and dangerous object safety, management of medical equipments, electrical handling, patient safety, storage cupboard usage and medication management all have good policy and procedure. On the other hand, infection control procedure needs to be improved. From this research, it is concluded that ICU Siloam Hospitals Manado has applied patient safety principles’ well. For further improvements, the management should consider to conduct trainings to staffs regarding patient safety
Analisis Resiko Soil Transmitted Helmint di Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Padaherang, Kabupaten Ciamis, Jawa Barat
Full text link AbstractBackground: Based on quantity of target at elementry school student’s in helmint elemination program on Health Department Ciamis 2007, prevalence in elementry school at Raja Desa Village are 15%. it’s happen because not health beahaviour and poor sanitation. This research aims is to know a prevalence and risk factor about soil transmitted helminth in elementry school at Padaherang Subdistict.Method: This research conducted with cross sectional study, using simple random sampling and analysis with Pearson Correlation. Sample size in this research is 364 students from one until four class at 5 elementry school in Padaherang Subdistrict. Feces have been examined with flooting methode using NaCl. This methode can found eggs worm and what spesies they are, but can not examined grade or level of infection. Resembling with collecting feces sample at field, respondence questioned about they’re knowledge, behaviour and environment in home and school.Result: A student’s positive helminth are 110 from 364, so a prevalence in student at elementry school are 30,21%. From 110 student’s, 58 student infected by Ascaris lumbricoides, 47 student infected Trichuris trichiura and 5 student are multiple infection by both of them. Only knowledge is relationship with infection, behavior, school environment and house environment is not any relationship.Conclusion: Knowledge is a basic element from behavior, promotion with health education is very important to up level of health. But, it’s not easy, need long time programme to made it succesfuul. Cooperation with all element and sector is needed to elimination this disease. Keywords. Ascaris lumbriocoides,Prevalence, Soil transmitted helminth, Elementry school, Trichuris trichiura  AbstrakLatar Belakang: Berdasarkan jumlah sasaran siswa sekolah dasar program kecacingan tahun 2007 Dinas Kesehatan Ciamis menyebutkan bahwa prevalensi infeksi cacing usus pada siswa sekolah dasar di Desa Rajadesa sebesar 15%. Hal ini terjadi karena beberapa perilaku tidak sehat yang masih dilakukan dan sanitasi yang buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko dan prevalensi kecacingan pada anak-anak SD di Kecamatan Padaherang, Kabupaten Ciamis, Jawa Barat.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi cross sectional, pengambilan sampel dengan simple random sampling dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan korelasi Pearson. Jumlah Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 364 siswa yang terdiri dari kelas 1 hingga kelas 4 di 5 Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Padaherang. Tinja yang telah diperiksa menggunakan NaCldengan metode acak . Metode ini dapat menemukan telur cacing dan jenis cacingnya, tetapi tidak dapat diperiksa kadar atau tingkat infeksi. Selain dengan mengumpulkan sampel tinja di lapangan, responden juga ditanya tentang pengetahuan, perilaku dan lingkungan rumah dan sekolah.Hasil Penelitian: Dari 364 sampel yang diperiksa 110 sampel positif kecacingan sehingga prevalensi kecacingan pada anak SD di Kecamatan Padaherang sebesar 30,21%. Dari 110 siswa, 58 siswa yang terinfeksi oleh cacing Ascaris lumbricoides, 47 siswa yang terinfeksi Trichuris trichiuradan 5 mahasiswa yang beberapa infeksi oleh keduanya. Hanya pengetahuan yang berhubungan dengan infeksi kecacingan, sedangkan variabel perilaku, lingkungan sekolah dan lingkungan rumah tidak terdapat hubungan.Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan adalah dasar dari perilaku, promosi dengan pendidikan kesehatan sangat penting untuk meniingkatkan kesehatan. Tetapi, itu tidak mudah, butuh waktu lama untuk mensukseskan program tersebut. Kerjasama dengan semua elemen dan sektor sangat diperlukan. Kata Kunci: AscarisLumbriocoides, Prevalensi, Soil transmitted helminth, sekolah dasar, Trichuris trichiura
HUBUNGAN KEBISINGAN DAN MASSA KERJA TERHADAP TERJADINYA STRES KERJA PADA PEKERJA DI BAGIAN TENUN AGUNG SAPUTRA TEX PIYUNGAN BANTUL YOGYAKARTA
Full text linkBackground : Work stress is a problem for the workers health and it is potential to increase the risk of working accident, cause psychological burden, physical load and it was able to decrease the productivity thoroughly. The influence of stress for long term, it is able too posses the certain consequences for the body. This research aim was know the relationship between the noises and work term with work stress to the weaving Agung Saputra Tex Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta.Methods : This research was analytic observational using cross sectional approach. The research population is all workers of the weaving section Agung Saputra Tex Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The technique of collecting sample was Totality Sampling method. The sample takes 40 peoples. Data analysis was performing univariate and bivariate.Result : The result of the research shown that was a significant correlation between the level of noise to the occurrence of work stress with p-value of 0,039 < alfa = 5% and the value of RP = 1,857 times (0,463 to 7,445) and there was a significant correlation between years of service to the occurrence of work stress with p-value of 0,019 < alfa = 5% and the value of RP = 1,459 times (0,654 to 3,259).Conclusion : All independent variable studied a meaningful relationship that were noise and years of service to the occurrence of work on worker stress weaving section Agung Saputra Tex Piyungan Bantul Yogyakarta.Keywords : Work stress, noise, and working period