Kes Mas: Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat
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ANALISA COST SHARING PERHITUNGAN TARIF HEMODIALISIS (HD) MASYARAKAT MISKIN DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PKU MUHAMMADIYAH UNIT I YOGYAKARTA
Get PDFBackground: Growing and expanding hopital may be efficiently and effectively managed, it is requiredto be conducted to face the tight competition in world of health service. If the hospital wish to survive in the competition, they need to recount the existing hospital tariff previously, that is by using competitive tariff model calculation. Hospital of PKU Muhammadiyah Unit I Yogyakarta divides HD tariff into two parts, these are Single Use and Re Use tariff. There are cost sharing differences between HD tariff in hospital and government. In this research, the reseacher only focuses on HD tariff of Re Use in order to reduce cost sharing. All this time, the hospital has never counted different cost. It can create lose for the hospital. th s researcher interest to analyze the cost sharing of hemodialisis tariff calculation for poor in public hospital of PKU Muhammadiyah Unit I Yogyakarta. Methode: This research type is descriptive research qualitative which analyzed real expense by using real cost methode and difference which is burdened by patien toward real tariff, meanwhile opinion about cost sharing is taken by interview with superintendent finance and superintendent of hemodialisis unit using interview method. Resulth: this research show the real tariff equal to Rp.912.571 while tariff released by hospital equal to Rp.575.000, and difference between second tariff is Rp.337.751, while tariff given by government is Rp.528.067 and difference with the real tariff equal to Rp.384.684. Conclusion: that unit based cost tariff higher than tariff given by hospital at this time, the biggest expense is component for examines or substance used up wear. The hospital should determine the strategy to decrease the difference. Key Words: cost sharing, real cost method, tariff packet, hemodialisis, poor, societ
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT DENGAN PENERAPAN UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION PADA PERAWAT DI BANGSAL RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA
Get PDFBackground: Universal Precaution is common caution which is nursing must be obeyed by nurse or medical labor in doing every nursing action towards the patient to protect from some of infection material. The nurse's knowledge about the universal precaution is needed to be high on guard towards spreading disease. This research purposes to know the relation between nurse's knowledge in application universal precaution in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta hospital. Method: This was an observational analytic with research using cross sectional approach. The population in this research is the nurse in patient II and III classes amounted to 34 nurses. The sample taken by total sampling technique is number of 34 nurses. The data of research is taken by observation and spreading question and processed by using the chi square test. Result: The degree of nurse's knowledge in hospital categorize high amounted to be 26 nurses by percentage of 76,47 %. (1) the degree of nurse's knowledge in application wash hand to the nurse categorize good amounted by percentage of 79,41%, gotten the score p= 0,019, it means that there is a significant relation between the degree of nurse's knowledge with the application of wash hand to the nurse in hospitalized ward of PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta hospital (2) the degree of nurse's knowledge with application of antiseptic use and the disinfectant to the nurse categorize good amounted by percentage of 82,35%, gotten the score p= 0,006, it means that there is a significant relation between the degree of nurse's knowledge with the application of antiseptic use and the disinfectant to the nurse in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta hospital. (3) The degree of nurse's knowledge with the application the use of self protector to the nurse categorize good amounted by percentage of 85,29%, gotten the score p= 0,037, means that there is a significant relation between the degree of nurse's knowledge with application of self protector use to the nurse in the PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta hospital. (4) the degree of nurse's knowledge with the application the discharge of medical rubbish to the nurse categorize good amounted by percentage of 85,29%, gotten the score p= 0,001, means there is a significant relation between the degree of nurse's knowledge with the application of medical rubbish discharge to the nurse in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta hospital. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between the degree of nurse's knowledge with application universal precaution to the nurse in patient in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta hospital. Key word: the nurse, the degree of knowledge, nosocomial infection, universal precautio
PERILAKU PETUGAS PENGUMPUL SAMPAH UNTUK MELINDUNGI DIRINYA DARI PENYAKIT BAWAAN SAMPAH DI WILAYAH PATANGPULUHAN YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2009
Get PDFBackground : Human activities in using of nature always leaving the rest that are consideredare not useful anymore, so treated as waste products, namely garbage and waste. If the wasteis not managed properly, it will negatively impact health. Therefore there is need for theprevention of negative influences to avoid or use personal protective. The purpose of thisresearch is to know knowledge about the types of garbage collectors , the knowledge workers ofthe garbage collector garbage congenital diseases, and the behavior of garbage collectionworkers in protecting themselves against inherited diseases.Methods: This kind of research is the research evaluation, which includes the formativeevaluation (emphasis on process rather than product). While the research approach used isqualitative. Research subjects in this study are to garbage collectors officers Dumpster (TPS)which use pushcart. Data collection techniques will be used is the observation by participating(participation observation), and in-depth interviews (in-depth Interviewing). Techniques of dataanalysis performed using data reduction, data display the data verification.Conclusion : The conclusions to be drawn from this study are: First, knowledge about the typesof garbage collectors personal protection device which must be worn during most of the work isstill lacking. Second, the knowledge workers of the garbage collector garbage congenitaldiseases mostly still less understood. Third, the behavior of garbage collection workers inprotecting themselves against inherited diseases is less trash to the efforts carried out beforetouching the garbage, and is good for the efforts undertaken after touching garbage. All of themare supported by the lack or ignorance of understanding about self health (Hygiene Sanitation).Keywords: Behavior, personal protection device, congenital disease tras
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMANFAATAN PELAYANAN POLI OBSGYN DI RSUD BANJARNEGARA
Get PDFBackground: Banjarnegara Hospital is the only one of state hospital located in Banjarnegaracity. The surviving and competitive hospitals must provide the need of their consumer. So, thepatients can consider to use their health service. Based on the data of Banjarnegara hospitalmedical record noted that an increasing of the number of patient visit, especially in poli obsgyn.The interview of 10 poli obsgyn patients stated that they use poli obsgyn service because ofinformation about service quality and health facilities in Banjarnegara hospital. The purpose ofthis study was to detremine influencing factors of poli obsgyn service utilization in Banjarnegarahospital.Methods : This study was observational analytic research with cross sectional design.Research subjects were 77 respondents. The sample was taken with the purposive samplingtechnique to determine inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using data analysis is Chi Squarestatistical test.Results : Based on Chi Square test result shows: (1) there was a correlation betweenBanjarnegara hospitals existance information with utilization of poli obsgyn service which can beseen from Asymp. value. Sig <a (0.001 <0.05) and Chi Square count 11,866 > Chi Square table(df = 1 = 3.481). (2) There was a correlation between health service quality with poli obsgynservice utilization which can be seen from obasgun poly Asympt value. Sig < a (0.000 < 0.05)and Chi Square count 37,524 > Chi Square table (df = 1 = 3.481). (3) There was a correlationbetween health facilities with poly obsgyn service utilization which can be seen from Asymptvalue. Sig < a (0.000 <0.05) and Chi Square count 20,432 > Chi Square table (df = 1 = 3.481).Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between the information of Banjarnegara hospitalexistance, the quality of health services and health facilities to ward the utilization of services inBanjarnegara hospital poly obsgyn service.Keywords: utilization, services, poli obsgyn
EFEKTIVITAS MENCUCI TANGAN MENGGUNAKAN CAIRAN PEMBERSIH TANGAN ANTISEPTIK (HAND SANITIZER) TERHADAP JUMLAH ANGKA KUMAN
Get PDFABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Mencuci tangan adalah salah satu tindakan sanitasi dengan membersikan jari-jemari menggunakan air atau pun cairan lainnya oleh manusia dengan tujuan untuk menjadi bersih, sebagai ritual keagamaan, ataupun tujuan-tujuan lainnya. Antiseptik merupakan bahan kimia untuk mencegah multiplikasi mikroorganisme pada permukaan tubuh, dengan cara membunuh mikroorganisme tersebut atau menghambat pertumbuhan dan aktivitas metaboliknya. Hand sanitizer antiseptik yang sering digunakan adalah alkohol. Alkohol telah digunakan secara luas sebagai obat antiseptik kulit karena mempunyai efek menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas mencuci tangan menggunakan cairan pembersih tangan antiseptik (hand sanitizer) terhadap jumlah angka kuman.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian true experiment dengan rancangan penelitian posttest only control group design. Subjek penelitian adalah telapak tangan probandus dengan enam kali ulangan.Hasil : Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa sig. 0,010, artinya ada perbedaan jumlah angka kuman antara mencuci tangan menggunakan air mengalir, sabun, hand sanitizer A, hand sanitizer B, dan kelompok kontrol (tanpa cuci tangan). Kelompok yang mempunyai perbedaan jumlah angka kuman adalah kelompok kontrol dan kelompok mencuci tangan menggunakan sabun dengan nilai sig. 0,008, kelompok kontrol dan kelompok mencuci tangan menggunakan hand sanitizer A dengan nilai sig. 0,016, dan kelompok kontrol dan kelompok mencuci tangan menggunakan hand sinitizer B dengan nilai sig. 0,005.Kesimpulan : Ada perbedaan jumlah angka kuman antara mencuci tangan menggunakan air mengalir, sabun, hand sanitizer A, hand sanitizer B, dan kelompok kontrol (tanpa cuci tangan). Cairan pembersih tangan antiseptik (hand sanitizer) efektif terhadap penurunan jumlah angka kuman dan secara deskriptif yang paling efektif adalah hand sanitizer B (alkohol 60%). Kata Kunci : mencuci tangan, antiseptik, hand sanitizer, angka kuman.  ABSTRACTBackground: Hand washing is one of the sanitation actions by washing fingers with water or other liquid for the purpose of getting clean, religious ceremony or others. Antiseptic was chemical substance to prevent multiplication of microorganism on the surface of body, by killing the microorganism or blocking the growth and activity of its metabolic. The commonly used antiseptic of hand sanitizer was alcohol; alcohol has been widely used as skin antiseptic because it had an effect of blocking the growth of germ. Hand sanitizer should be practical and portable so it could be an alternative substance to wash our hand. This study aimed at identifying the affectivity of hand washing with hand sanitizer to the amount of germ. Method: This study applied a true experiment study with posttest only control group design. The subject of the study was probandus palms with 6 repetitions. Result : The result of bivariate analysis indicated sig. 0.010; there was difference in number of germ between washing hand with flowing water, soap, hand sanitizer A, hand sanitizer B, and controlled group (without washing). The groups which had the difference in number of germ were a controlled group and a group washing with soap in the sig. value of 0.008, controlled group and group washing with hand sanitizer A in the sig. value of 0.016, and the controlled group and the group washing with hand sanitizer B in the sig. value of 0.005. Conclusion : There was difference in number of germ between washing hand with flowing water, soap, hand sanitizer A, hand sanitizer B, and controlled group (without washing hand). Antiseptic hand washing (hand sanitizer) was affective to decrease the amount of germ and it was descriptively observed that hand sanitizer B (alcohol 60%) was the most affective. Keywords : hand washing, antiseptic, hand sanitizer, amount of ger
HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN, STATUS EKONOMI DAN KEBIASAAN MEROKOK DENGAN KEJADIAN TUBERKULOSIS PARU PADA ORANG DEWASA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TUAN-TUAN KABUPATEN KETAPANG KALIMANTAN BARAT
Get PDFBackground: Lung tuberculosis still be the health public problem at developing countries whole the world. Indonesia occupies sequence to 3 in world in the tuberculosis case after Chinese and India. Lung tuberculosis is also one of health public problem in Kabupaten Ketapang especially in Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan region. Problem causing of lung tuberculosis disease in this Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan hardly multi factor like still low public economics social level, the height of smoking habit level and the lack of knowledge about lung tuberculosis. The aim of this research find out the relationship between knowledge level, economic status and smoking habit with lung tuberculosis case at adult in Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan Kabupaten Ketapang Kalimantan Barat region. Method: This research was observational research using cross sectional design. There was 84 respondent. Data analysis conduct by frequency distribution, bivariate analysis applies Chi Square and multivariate analysis with logistics regression. Result: Result of this research indicates that from the variable knowledge level, economic status and smoking habit show there are relationship with lung tuberculosis case at adult in Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan Ketapang region which are knowledge level (p=0,026; RR=1,857; CI: 1,062-3,446) and smoking habit (p=0,011; RR=2,407; CI: 1,118-5,186). From the result of multivariate analysis variable that is most dominant related lung tuberculosis case at adult in Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan Ketapang region is smoking habit with significant value 0,012. Conclusion: Statistically, there was relationship between knowledge level and smoking habit with lung tuberculosis case at adult in Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan Ketapang region. There is no relationship between economic status with lung tuberculosis case at adult in Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan Ketapang region. The most dominant variable that is related to lung tuberculosis case at adult in Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan Ketapang region is smoking habit. Keyword: knowledge, economics status, smoking habit, lung tuberculosis at adult
Analisis Spasial Kejadian Penyakit Leptospirosis di Kabupaten Sleman Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tahun 2011
Get PDFAbstractBackground: Leptospirosis is an acute infectious disease that can infect humans and animals (zoonoses). The cause of the disease is Leptospira. Leptospirosis is spread all over the world, including Indonesia. One area in Yogyakarta Province is a region of leptospirosis is endemic to the events Sleman District cases constantly increasing. Spatial analysis is an analysis and description of the geography of disease data with regard to population distribution, the distribution of environmental risk factors, ecosystem, social and economic, as well as analysis of relationships between variables. Objective to analyze the incidence of the disease leptospirosis spatially and risk factors Sleman District of Yogyakarta Province in 2011.Methods: The study was descriptive research aimed to describe and either map leptospirosis disease events in Sleman District of Yogyakarta Province in 2011. The data used in this research was from the Sleman District Health Office. Sample size of this research was 61 leptospirosis patients.Results: Patients with leptospirosis was highest in Moyodan. Spatial analysis showed most leptospirosis occurs in locations with pet ownership (59,1%), the presence of rat (85,2%), vegetation (100%), and occurred in the location of the trenches / ditches around the house (47,5%).Conclusion: It should be done to inform the public about the disease leptospirosis, and Public Health Service Sleman need to develop early warning systems (SKD) so that more optimal disease eradication.Keywords : zoonoses, leptospirosis, spatial analysis, risk factors
PERAN PETUGAS KESEHATAN DAN KEPATUHAN IBU HAMIL MENGKONSUMSI TABLET BESI
Get PDFABSTRAKLatar belakang: Wanita hamil merupakan salah satu kelompok golongan yang rentan terhadap masalah gizi terutama anemia. Ada beberapa faktor yang dapat berperan dalam terjadinya anemia defisiensi gizi besi, yaitu peran petugas kesehatan, ketersediaan tablet besi, dan kepatuhan ibu hamil dalam mengonsumsi tablet besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang peran petugas kesehatan dan kepatuhan ibu hamil mengkonsumsi tablet besi di Desa Sidomulyo, Sidokarto dan Sidoluhur, Kecamatan Godean, Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta.Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner.Hasil : 64,7% responden memiliki tingkat kepatuhan konsumsi tablet besi yang baik. Peran petugas kesehatan mayoritas baik (76,5%).Kesimpulan : Ibu hamil di Desa Sidomulyo, Sidokarto dan Sidoluhur memiliki kepatuhan dalam mengkonsumsi tablet besi lebih banyak yang baik. Peran petugas kesehatan dalam memotivasi ibu hamil untuk mengkonsumsi tablet besi mayoritas baik. Kata Kunci: anemia, tablet besi, peran petugas kesehatan, ibu hamil  ABSTRACTBackground: Pregnant women is one of the class group which are vulnerable to malnutrition, especially anemia. There are several factors that may contribute to the occurrence of nutritional iron deficiency anemia, such as the role of health workers, the availability of iron tablets, and compliance in pregnant women taking iron tablets. This study aimed to find out about the role of health personnel and compliance in pregnant women taking iron tablets in the villages Sidomulyo, Sidokarto and Sidoluhur, Godean, Sleman district, Yogyakarta.Methods: This was quantitative descriptive research. Total sampling was employed as sampling technique in this study. The instrument used was questionnaire.Results: There were 64.7% of respondents had a compliance rate of consumption of iron tablets are good. Majority the role of health workers was good (76.5% ). Conclusion: Pregnant mothers in Sidomulyo Village, Sidokarto and Sidoluhur had good compliance in consuming more iron tablets. The role of health workers in motivating pregnant women to take iron was also majority good.  Keywords: anemia, iron tablets, the role of health workers, the availability of iron tablet
AKTIVITAS CAIRAN KULTUR 12 ISOLAT ACTINOMYCETES TERHADAP BAKTERI RESISTEN
Get PDFABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Munculnya berbagai patogen yang multiresisten memicu pencarian antibiotik baru. Secara historis, Actinomycetes adalah penghasil terbesar antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas 12 isolat Actinomycetes terhadap bakteri Staphyllococcus aureus ATCC 25923 dan Eschericia coli 25922Metode : Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengkultur isolat Actinomycetes pada media Starch Nitrate Broth pada suhu kamar dengan penggojokan selama 14 hari. Uji aktivitas cairan kultur dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran terhadap S. aureus dan E. coli.Hasil : Pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus dapat dihambat oleh cairan kultur isolat-isolat Actinomycetes yaitu TL, T18, T19, T24, T37, T41, T43, P301, dan P302 berdasarkan munculnya diameter zone hambat pada pertumbuhan S. aureus. Adapun pertumbuhan E. coli dapat dihambat oleh TL, T18, T19, T24, T25, T41, T43, dan P301. Isolat P104 dan T34 tidak menghambat baik terhadap S. aureus maupun E. coli.Kesimpulan : Aktivitas antibakteri dihasilkan oleh isolat TL, T18, T19, T24, T41, T43 dan P301 terhadap S. aureus dan E. coli, isolat T37 dan P302 terhadap S. aureus dan isolat T25 terhadap E. coli.  Kata Kunci : Actinomycetes, aktivitas, S. aureus, E. coli  ABSTRACTBackground : The emergence of various multiresistant pathogens to antibiotics stimulate the search of new antibiotics. Historically, actinomycetes are the largest producer of antibiotics. This study aimed to examine the activity of the 12 isolates of Actinomycetes against Staphylococcus aureus 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.Methods : The study was conducted by culturing isolates of Actinomycetes on Starch Nitrate Broth media at room temperature with shaking for 14 days. The activity of the filtrate was tested against bacteria using diffusion method against S. aureus and E. coli.Results : The bacterial growth of S. aureus can be inhibited by fluid culture broth of Actinomycetes isolates namely TL, T18, T19, T24, T37, T41, T43, P301, and P302 based on the appearance of the growth inhibition zone diameter of S. aureus. The growth of E. coli can be inhibited by isolates TL, T18, T19, T24, T25, T41, T43, and P301. Isolates P104 and T34 did not inhibit either the S. aureus and E. coli.Conclusion : The antibacterial activity was produced by isolates TL, T18, T19, T24, T41, T43 and P301 against S. aureus and E. coli, by isolates T37 and P302 inhibit only S. aureus as well as by isolate T25 inhibits only E. coli.  Keywords : Actinomycetes, activity, S. aureus, E. col
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TERHADAP PERILAKU MASYARAKAT DALAM MENGOLAH SAMPAH DI DUSUN PADUKUHAN DESA SIDOKARTO KECAMATAN GODEAN KABUPATEN SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA
Get PDFBackground : People's habits in disposing waste by burning leaves or plastic waste has negative effect on health and also cause pollution. This is due to the lack of public knowledge in the processing of waste and the impact of the waste itself. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes towards the behavior of the community in managing the daily garbage and waste management know that has been applied in the hamlet of Hamlet Village Sidokarto Godean Sleman district of Yogyakarta. Method : The study was an observational analytic cross sectional design. Sampling technique used was random sampling. The data was collected using questionnaires, with a total sample of 77 households. Analysis of data was using univariate and bivariate analysis with statistical test Fisher's Exact Test. Results : The statistical result of the study, showed that as many as six heads of families or at (7.8%) had a level of knowledge that is not good in terms of waste management, and as many as 71 heads of households (respondent) or amount (92.2%) had a level of knowledge both in terms of waste manage-ment, while 7 households (respondent) or equivalent (9.1%) had a bad attitude in the process waste, and as many as 70 heads of households (respondent) or amount (90.9%) had a good attitude in process waste. Bivariate analysis to the level of knowledge on the behavior of the Hamlet Hamlet Village Si-dokarto Godean Sleman district of Yogyakarta in 2012 to process waste that is derived p <0.05 (p = 0.429) and RP = 1.246 (95% CI: 0.680 to 2.283). While the bivariate analysis for the behavioral attitude towards Hamlet Hamlet Village Sidokarto Godean Sleman district of Yogyakarta in 2012 to process waste that is derived p <0.05 (p = 0.088) and RP = 1.667 (95% CI: 1.141 to 2.434). Conclusion : There was no relationship between the level of knowledge of the behavior of people in the process waste in Hamlet Hamlet Village Sidokarto Godean Sleman district of Yogyakarta in 2012, and there is no relationship between attitude and behavior of people in the process waste in Hamlet Hamlet Village Sidokarto Godean Sleman district of Yogyakarta in 2012. Keywords: knowledge, attitude, behaviour, tras