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Flying with two wings or coming of age of copyrightisation? a historical and socio-legal analysis of copyright and business model developments in the Chinese music industry
Full text linkFollowing the third copyright law amendment in China, this paper offers a timely contribution to the debates on the shifting policy, governance and industry landscape of the Chinese music industry. This paper conducts a historical and socio-legal analysis of the development of Chinese copyright law with regards to the music industry and argues that the Chinese digital music industry has developed to a stage where three business models collide, namely the cultural adaptation model, the renegade model and the platform ecosystem model. This paper draws on interdisciplinary literature and discourses from legal studies, business studies and cultural studies and provide new evidence of the much neglected autonomous development of Chinese copyright law on top of foreign pressure and the desired reforms to further integrate into the global market economy
Decision-level and feature-level integration of remote sensing and geospatial big data for urban land use mapping
Full text linkInformation about urban land use is important for urban planning and sustainable development. The emergence of geospatial big data (GBD), increased the availability of remotely sensed (RS) data and the development of new methods for data integration to provide new opportunities for mapping types of urban land use. However, the modes of RS and GBD integration are diverse due to the differences in data, study areas, classifiers, etc. In this context, this study aims to summarize the main methods of data integration and evaluate them via a case study of urban land use mapping in Hangzhou, China. We first categorized the RS and GBD integration methods into decision-level integration (DI) and feature-level integration (FI) and analyzed their main differences by reviewing the existing literature. The two methods were then applied for mapping urban land use types in Hangzhou city, based on urban parcels derived from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) road network, 10 m Sentinel-2A images, and points of interest (POI). The corresponding classification results were validated quantitatively and qualitatively using the same testing dataset. Finally, we illustrated the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches via bibliographic evidence and quantitative analysis. The results showed that: (1) The visual comparison indicates a generally better performance of DI-based classification than FI-based classification; (2) DI-based urban land use mapping is easy to implement, while FI-based land use mapping enables the mixture of features; (3) DI-based and FI-based methods can be used together to improve urban land use mapping, as they have different performances when classifying different types of land use. This study provides an improved understanding of urban land use mapping in terms of the RS and GBD integration strategy
TANTIGEN 2.0: a knowledge base of tumor T cell antigens and epitopes
Full text linkWe previously developed TANTIGEN, a comprehensive online database cataloging more than 1000 T cell epitopes and HLA ligands from 292 tumor antigens. In TANTIGEN 2.0, we significantly expanded coverage in both immune response targets (T cell epitopes and HLA ligands) and tumor antigens. It catalogs 4,296 antigen variants from 403 unique tumor antigens and more than 1500 T cell epitopes and HLA ligands. We also included neoantigens, a class of tumor antigens generated through mutations resulting in new amino acid sequences in tumor antigens. TANTIGEN 2.0 contains validated TCR sequences specific for cognate T cell epitopes and tumor antigen gene/mRNA/protein expression information in major human cancers extracted by Human Pathology Atlas. TANTIGEN 2.0 is a rich data resource for tumor antigens and their associated epitopes and neoepitopes. It hosts a set of tailored data analytics tools tightly integrated with the data to form meaningful analysis workflows. It is freely available at http://projects.met-hilab.org/tadb
US–China health exchange and collaboration following COVID-19
Full text linkStrong US–China collaboration on health and medicine is a crucial element of the global effort against COVID-19. We review the history of health collaboration and exchanges between the public and private sectors in the USA and China, including the long-lasting collaboration between governmental public health agencies of the two countries. Academic and scientific exchanges should be reinvigorated and the increasing valuable role of non-profit foundations acknowledged. The shared interests of the two countries and the magnitude of the pandemic necessitate both countries to collaborate and cooperate. We provide recommendations to the two governments and the global health community to control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and prepare for future threats. Translation: For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section
From the ancient Silk Road to the belt and road initiative: narratives, signalling and trust-building
Full text linkNarratives help in interpreting and understanding surrounding political realities. Yet, the divergence of narratives may also create distrust, and it is an important reason for greatly diverging perceptions of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) between China and the international community. This paper explores how trust can be bridged between different narratives. It discusses the notions of trust and how the Chinese concept of ‘brightness’ contributes to a strategic signalling process for trust-building in strategic cooperation. This paper proposes that trust-building is a process of signalling and knowledge building. Only when the signal sent for strategic cooperation fits the other parties’ knowledge about the sender, can the trust-building process succeed. This compatibility between signals and developed knowledge can be the result of several rounds of signalling, in which the signal sender’s honesty regarding their self-interests and intentions is the necessary pre-condition
Unions and compensating wage differentials for workplace accident risk: the English and Welsh railway industry, 1902–12 †
Full text linkThe effect of unions on workers’ wage premiums for accepting on-the-job accident risk is a prominent subset of compensating differentials research. This article contributes to the literature by using a newly-constructed balanced panel of railwaymen working in the traffic departments of three prominent Edwardian railway companies with operations in England and Wales. It avoids previous issues of endogeneity by controlling for a number of variables correlated with the risk rates, notably individual fixed effects. The results show that the largest railway union of the time, the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants, was able to transform growing union density into power that increased wage premiums for fatal accident risk, although railwaymen's wages did not compensate them for non-fatal accident risk. This article also considers how this relationship differed by varying levels of company-specific human capital as measured by tenure. It finds a non-linear relationship for both risk rates across the tenure cohorts
Generating prototypical residential building geometry models using a new hybrid approach
Full text linkBuilding prototyping has regularly been used in building performance analyses with statistically feasible models. The novelty of this research involves a new hybrid approach combining stratified sampling and k-means clustering to establish building geometry prototypes. The research focuses on residential buildings in Ningbo, China. Seventeen small residential districts (SRDs) containing 367 residential buildings were systemically selected for survey and data collection. The stratified sampling used building construction year as the main parameter to generate stratification. Floor numbers, shape coefficients, floor areas, and window-to-wall ratios were used as the four observations for k-means clustering. Based on this new approach, nine building geometry prototypes were identified and modelled. These statistically representative prototypes provide building geometrical information and characteristic-based evaluations for subsequent building performance analysis
Global Ningbo-observations on the sense of place and the ‘spatial turn’ in global history
Full text linkOption valuation under no-arbitrage constraints with neural networks
Full text linkIn this paper, we start from the no-arbitrage constraints in option pricing and develop a novel hybrid gated neural network (hGNN) based option valuation model. We adopt a multiplicative structure of hidden layers to ensure model differentiability. We also select the slope and weights of input layers to satisfy the no-arbitrage constraints. Meanwhile, a separate neural network is constructed for predicting option-implied volatilities. Using S&P 500 options, our empirical analyses show that the hGNN model substantially outperforms well-established alternative mod els in the out-of-sample forecasting and hedging exercises. The superior prediction performance stems from our model’s ability in describing options on the boundary, and in offering analytical expressions for option Greeks which generate better hedging results
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