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Biosynthesis of providencin: understanding photochemical cyclobutane formation with density functional theory
Get PDFCommunicating citizenship in China’s digital society
Get PDFThis research explores the (inter-) cultural dimension of communicating citizenship in China’s new media environment. It adopts speech codes theory as a theoretical and methodological framework to examine the historically situated and socially constructed meanings of citizenship and the normative communicative conduct for practicing “good citizenship” in China. Through a systematic analysis of Chinese online discourse surrounding two social events, this study captures one speech code pertaining to communicating citizenship that is premised on a paradox–citizenship is interpreted by the Chinese as a legal entitlement that they deserve, but it is simultaneously treated as an aspirational and unattainable ideal. Additionally, speaking sensibly and morally with a communal orientation is heavily emphasized in this speech code as it is considered a valuable communicative practice for performing “good citizenship.” Finally, participating in online collective actions such as “topping posts” is rendered an acceptable and effective way to communicate and enact citizen rights in China
Flexible graphene-coated carbon fiber veil/polydimethylsiloxane mats as electrothermal materials with rapid responsiveness
Get PDFFlexible electrothermal mats with rapid responsiveness were prepared by spray-coating of graphene nanoplates (GNP) acetone dispersion on carbon fiber veil and following curing of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on the mats. Morphological feature, electrical property, and electrothermal behavior of the mats with different area density from 55 to 20 g m−2 were investigated. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) confirmed that pristine graphene nanoplates were uniformly deposited on the surface of carbon fiber resulting in volume resistance decreased substantially. Compared with the carbon fiber veil without coated GNP, the electric heating behavior of graphene-coated carbon fiber/PDMS mats were improved largely, such as the stead-state maximum temperature reached 297 °C, the maximum heating rate reached 5°Cs−1 tested by an infrared camera, the maximum power density reached 11.11 kW m−2. The respond time from room temperature 25 °C–200 °C was only 40 s tested by infrared thermal image. Even under high twisting/bending state or continuous stepwise voltage changes, the graphene-coated carbon fiber/PDMS mats retained stable electrical heating performance in aspects of temperature responsiveness and steady-state maximum temperature
Explaining cross-country heterogeneity in trust in physicians: the role of pharmaceutical expenditure
Get PDFTrust in physicians is the fundamental social mechanism in the health sector to address the issue of uncertainty in the effectiveness of health care and asymmetric information between patients and physicians. As health systems are so diverse in the world, there are substantial differences across nations in trust in physicians. Few studies have paid attention to the link between the characteristics of health system and patient trust in physicians. This study used 2011 International Social Survey Programme data to explore the potential mechanism in accounting for cross-country heterogeneity in trust in physicians. We hypothesize that physician-induced demand in the pharmaceutical sector shapes the perception that physicians serve as imperfect agents to their patients, which in turn lowers trust in physicians. Specifically, we used the share of pharmaceutical expenditure in total health expenditure as a proxy measure of physician-induced demand in prescription drugs, and we found that individuals were more likely to believe that physicians serve as imperfect agent if their countries spend a high share of health care costs on pharmaceutical products. In addition, our cross-country analysis shows a significant negative relationship between the perception of imperfect agency and trust in physicians
Structural modification of thin Bi(1 1 1) films by passivation and native oxide model
Get PDFThe structure of thin terminated Bi(1 1 1) films of approximately 1nm thickness is investigated from first principles. Our density functional theory calculations show that covalent bonds to the surface can change the orientation of the films completely. For thicker films, the effect is limited to the surface only. Based on these observations, we further present a simple model structure for the native oxide and chemically similar oxides, which form a protective capping layer, leaving the orientation of the films unchanged. The advantages of this energetically favorable layered termination are discussed in the context of the films' technological exploitation in nanoelectronic devices
Responsible practices in the wild: an actor-network perspective on mobile apps in learning as translation(s)
Get PDFCompetence to enact responsible practices, such as recycling waste or boycotting irresponsible companies, is core to learning for responsibility. We explore the role of apps in learning such responsible practices ‘in the wild,’ outside formal educational environments over a 3-week period. Learners maintained a daily diary in which they reflected on their learning of responsible practices with apps. Through a thematic analysis of 557 app mentions in the diaries, we identified five types of app-agency: cognitive, action, interpersonal, personal development, and material. Findings were interpreted from an actor-network perspective using the lens of ‘translation.’ To understand how apps enabled the learning of responsible practices, we analyzed app agency throughout four moments of translation: problematization, interessement, enrolment, and mobilization. Based on our analysis of how students’ app mentions changed over time, we further theorize learning as a sequence of subtranslations that form the larger translation process: learning as translation(s). Each subtranslation cycle is centered on enrolling a different set of human and nonhuman actors, with their competence, into the network. We contribute to the learning for responsibility field by showcasing how app-enabled learning may create real-life actor networks enacting responsibility, and by priming an actor-network pedagogy for ‘learning in the wild.’ We also contribute to the actor-network learning discussion by conceptualizing heterogeneous human–nonhuman competence and the first processual model of learning as translation(s)
Learning from supervisor negative gossip: the reflective learning process and performance outcome of employee receivers
Get PDFWorkplace gossip is generally viewed as a deviant behavior that negatively affects the work outcomes of employees. However, we argue that this negative view is incomplete. Drawing on the cultural learning perspective of gossip and social learning theory, we examine how the job performance of employee receivers benefits from supervisor negative gossip through reflective learning. On the basis of multi-source, cross-sectional designs, Studies 1 and 2 consistently find that supervisor negative gossip facilitates employee receiver reflective learning and subsequent job performance when controlling for two sets of theory-relevant variables. Study 3, which has a multi-source, cross-lagged panel design, provides further evidence of the directional relationship from supervisor negative gossip to employee receiver job performance through reflective learning. The findings of the three separate field studies support the positive effect of supervisor negative gossip on employee receivers from a learning perspective. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings in terms of how employee receiver job performance can benefit from workplace negative gossip
An optimisation model for scheduling the decommissioning of an offshore wind farm
Get PDFAn optimisation model is proposed for scheduling the decommissioning of an offshore wind farm in order to minimise the total cost which is comprised of jack-up vessel, barge (transfer) vessel, inventory, processing and on-land transportation costs. This paper also presents a comprehensive review of the strategic issues relating to the decommissioning process and of scheduling models that have been applied to offshore wind farms. A mathematical model using integer linear programming is developed to determine the optimal schedule considering several constraints such as the availability of vessels and planning delays. As the decommissioning problem is challenging to solve, a matheuristic approach based on the hybridisation of a heuristic approach and an exact method is also proposed to find near optimal solutions for a test set of problems. A set of computational experiments has been carried out to assess the proposed approach
User-centered design approaches to integrating intellectual property information into early design processes with a design patent retrieval application
Get PDFThe relationship between intellectual property rights (IPRs) and the development of creativity is always a controversial topic. However, it has seldom been explored from the user-centered design (UCD) perspective. This paper describes how the UCD approach has been employed to develop Design Patent Retrieval Application (acronym: DsPLAi), a mobile app aimed to integrate IPRs related information into early design processes to enhance designers’ IP practice and to facilitate the creative process. Interview studies were first conducted to identify end-users’ understanding of IPRs and related practices. Next, participatory design workshops with designers and IP processionals were organized to understand the interaction between the two parties and their needs, thereby deriving requirements for DsPLAi. A prototype of the app was developed and evaluated with ten industrial designers. The prototype received positive feedback in the usability evaluation. The empirical results showed that the provision of IPRs related information at an early stage could be helpful to the design process and that the designers were positive about the use of DsPLAi in their daily design routines
Equivalent slot thermal conductivity and back-iron extension effects on machine cooling
Get PDFBack-iron Extension (BIE) is an effective thermal management technique which reduces the winding temperatures by projecting part of the back iron into the center of slot, thereby shortening the heat transfer path between the coil and back iron. Based on an existing concentrated-wound traction motor, this paper investigates the effects of equivalent slot thermal conductivity of coil on the optimal back iron extension geometry and temperature reduction
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