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Indicative meanings of geological sea-level indicators in the Solent region and Sussex coast (south coast of England) and implications for uplift rates
Get PDFThe Solent Region and Sussex coastal plain in southern England have preserved palaeo- sea-level indicators from multiple interglacial periods, with a particularly complete record of deposition throughout the last interglacial. However, as yet, none of the research on these indicators have fully addressed the relationship of the different types of deposits preserved to mean sea-level. In this paper we apply recent approaches to estimating past relative sea-levels based on applying modern analogues to understand the indicative meaning of these indicators. We also apply a synchronous correlation model previously developed on rapidly uplifting coastlines to assess uplift rates. The uplift rates required to match the elevations of sequences suggest a significant decrease in uplift rates between the Late Wolstonian Substage and Ipswichian Stage – i.e. the c. 240 ka and c. 125 ka sea-level highstands, broadly equivalent to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 7 and 5e. This coincides in time with the final opening of the Straits of Dover
Faith, feminism and politics: the inter-war campaigning strategies of St Joan’s Social and Political Alliance
Get PDFKnitting together faith, feminism, and politics, this article examines St Joan’s Social and Political Alliance as a significant contributor to the interwar feminist movement locating them within the public, political sphere. It contends that religious identities, in this study, a Catholic identity, can help to deepen and complicate our understanding of feminism. Members of St Joan’s Alliance walked a tightrope, navigating their feminist and Catholic ideals. The article begins by explaining their ‘equalitarian’ feminism and how they married this to their Catholicism. Then, two means of promoting and furthering their public presence as interwar feminists are identified. First, the Alliance encouraged Catholic women’s involvement in the democratic process. As public speakers and political actors, they educated and politicised new citizens. Second, the periodical press, a key strategic tool, was used to amplify the political campaigns of the Alliance to its Catholic readers, and to participate in public conversations amongst the wider community of feminist and women’s activists. The Alliance articulated their feminist programme cogently to their co-religionists, sometimes having to justify its feminism, some of which deemed contrary to the ideal of Catholic womanhood. St Joan’s Alliance was not a peripheral feminist organisation; it operated on the national and global stage alongside other similar organisations
Spatial migration of temporal earthquake clusters driven by the transfer of differential stress between neighbouring fault/shear-zone structures
Get PDFUncertainty concerning the processes responsible for slip-rate fluctuations associated with temporal clustering of surface faulting earthquakes is a fundamental, unresolved issue in tectonics, because strain-rates accommodated by fault/shear-zone structures are the key to understanding the viscosity structure of the crust and seismic hazard. We constrain the timing and amplitude of slip-rate fluctuations that occurred on three active normal faults in central Italy over a time period of 20–30 kyrs, using in situ 36Cl cosmogenic dating of fault planes. We identify five periods of rapid slip on individual faults lasting a few millennia, separated time periods of up to 10 millennia with low or zero slip-rate. The rapid slip pulses migrated across the strike between the faults in two waves from SW to NE. We replicate this migration with a model where rapid slip induces changes in differential stress that drive changes in strain-rate on viscous shear zones that drive slip-rate variability on overlying brittle faults. Earthquakes increase the differential stress and strain-rate on underlying shear zones, which in turn accumulate strain, re-loading stress onto the overlying brittle fault. This positive feedback produces high strainrate episodes containing several large magnitude surface faulting earthquakes (earthquake clusters), but also reduce the differential stress on the viscous portions of neighbouring fault/shear-zones slowing the occurrence of large-magnitude surface faulting earthquakes (earthquake anticlusters). Shear-zones on faults experiencing anticlusters continue to accumulate viscous strain at a lowered rate, and eventually this loads the overlying brittle fault to failure, initiating a period of rapid slip through the positive feedback process described above, and inducing lowered strain-rates onto neighbouring fault/shear-zones. We show that these patterns of differential stress change can replicate the measured earthquake clustering implied by the 36Cl data. The stress changes are related to the fault geometry in terms of distance and azimuth from the slipping structure, implying that (a) strain-rate and viscosity fluctuations for studies of continental rheology, and (b) slip-rates for seismic hazard purposes are to an extent predictable given knowledge of the fault system geometry
Clinical effectiveness of the psychological therapy Mental Health Intervention for Children with Epilepsy in addition to usual care compared with assessment-enhanced usual care alone: a multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial in the UK
Get PDFBackground
Mental health difficulties are common in children and young people with chronic health conditions, but many of those in need do not access evidence-based psychological treatments. The study aim was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of integrated mental health treatment for children and young people with epilepsy, a common chronic health condition known to be associated with a particularly high rate of co-occurring mental health difficulties.
Methods
We conducted a parallel group, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial of participants aged 3–18 years, attending epilepsy clinics across England and Northern Ireland who met diagnostic criteria for a common mental health disorder. Participants were randomised (1:1; using an independent web-based system) to receive the Mental Health Intervention for Children with Epilepsy (MICE) in addition to usual care, or assessment-enhanced usual care alone (control). Children and young people in both groups received a full diagnostic mental health assessment. MICE was a modular psychological intervention designed to treat common mental health conditions in children and young people using evidence-based approaches such as cognitive behaviour therapy and behavioural parenting strategies. Usual care for mental health disorders varied by site but typically included referral to appropriate services. Participants, along with their caregivers, and clinicians were not masked to treatment allocation but statisticians were masked until the point of analysis. The primary outcome, analysed by modified intention-to-treat, was the parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at 6 months post-randomisation. The study is complete and registered with ISRCTN (57823197).
Findings
1401 young people were potentially deemed eligible for study inclusion. Following the exclusion of 531 young people, 870 participants were assessed for eligibility and completed the SDQ, and 480 caregivers provided consent for study inclusion between May 20, 2019, and Jan 31, 2022. Between Aug 28, 2019, and Feb 21, 2022, 334 participants (mean ages 10·5 years [SD 3·6] in the MICE group vs 10·3 [4·0] in control group at baseline) were randomly assigned to an intervention using minimisation balanced by age, primary mental health disorder, diagnosis of intellectual disability, and autistic spectrum disorder at baseline. 168 (50%) of the participants were female and 166 (50%) were male. 166 participants were randomly assigned to the MICE group and 168 were randomly assigned to the control group. At 6 months, the mean SDQ difficulties for the 148 participants in the MICE group was 17·6 (SD 6·3) and 19·6 (6·1) for the 148 participants in the control group. The adjusted effect of MICE was –1·7 (95% CI –2·8 to –0·5; p=0·0040; Cohen's d, 0·3). 14 (8%) patients in the MICE group experienced at least one serious adverse event compared with 24 (14%) in the control group. 68% percent of serious adverse events (50 events) were admission due to seizures.
Interpretation
MICE was superior to assessment-enhanced usual care in improving symptoms of emotional and behavioural difficulties in young people with epilepsy and common mental health disorders. The trial therefore shows that mental health comorbidities can be effectively and safely treated by a variety of clinicians, utilising an integrated intervention across ages and in the context of intellectual disability and autism. The evidence from this trial suggests that such a model should be fully embedded in epilepsy services and serves as a model for other chronic health conditions in young people
Judith Butler: life, philosophy, politics, ethics- Editorial Introduction
Get PDFThis e-special issue of Theory, Culture & Society presents works published by and about US philosopher and activist Judith Butler (1956). Judith Butler is Distinguished Scholar at the Graduate School, University of California, Berkeley. They contributed to Theory, Culture & Society and inspired key debates and scholarship around their work. k Gender Trouble (1989) transformed our understanding of gender, influencing generations of academics, activists, and cultural producers since. Butler is an exceptional thinker who aims to build more inclusive and sustainable societies through their writing. Their writings influenced numerous fields, e.g., sociology, gender studies, politics, and the arts. The editorial introduction juxtaposes earlier and subsequent writings by Butler in order to encourage a wider reading of their work. Drawing upon the full catalogue of Theory, Culture & Society, and Body & Society the collection includes articles published by Butler, interviews with them, a book review, and articles about their work
Prison work in law and reality: comparative perspectives from Brazil, the UK, and the US
Get PDFInternational law provides that work by sentenced prisoners ought to prepare them for life after release. Yet reliable data on the nature, extent and impacts of prison work is lacking in much of the world, and what there is suggests that much prison work is far from voluntary, is unpaid or poorly paid, is unskilled or low-skilled, and does little to improve employment prospects on release. This paper compares how prison work is defined and governed in law and shaped by policy, and how it is organised in practice. It describes the operationalisation of key legal provisions relating to prison work in three countries, and compares the purposes for prison work defined in law, the protections available to working prisoners, and the incentives or penalties used to secure participation. It also summarises the limited data available showing how many prisoners perform which kinds of work in each country. Finally, it argues that efforts to bring prison work provision into closer compliance with international standards should be sensitive to local variation, and suggests clarifying questions which could be used in such a reform process
Assessing the survival of carbonaceous chondrites impacting the lunar surface as a potential resource
Get PDFThe Moon offers a wide range of potential resources that may help sustain a future human presence, but it lacks indigenous carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Fortunately, these elements will have been delivered to the Moon’s surface by carbonaceous chondrite (CC) asteroid impactors. Here, we employ numerical modelling to assess the extent to which these materials may have sufficiently survived impact with the lunar surface to be viable sources of raw materials for future exploration. We modelled the impact of a 1 km diameter CC-like asteroid, considering impact velocities between 5 and 15 km/s, and impact angles between 15 and 60◦ to the horizontal. The most
favourable conditions for the survival of C-rich, and especially N-rich materials, are those with the lowest impact velocities (≤10 km/s) and impact angles (≤15◦). Impacts with velocities >10 km/s and angles >30◦ were found not to yield any significant amount of surviving solid material, where bulk survival is defined as material experiencing temperatures less than the impactor material’s estimated melting temperature (~2100 K, based on a commonly adopted Equation of State for serpentine). Importantly, oblique and low velocity impacts result in concentrations of unmelted projectile material down-range from the impact site. For the canonical 1 kmdiameter
CC impactor considered here, with an impact angle ≤15◦ and velocity ≤10 km/s, this results in ~10^9–10^10 kg of C and ~10^8–10^9 kg of N being deposited a few tens of km down-range from the impact crater, where it might be accessible as a potential resource. Such low-velocity and oblique impacts have a low probability - we estimate that only ~5 such impacts may have occurred on the Moon in the last 3 billion years (the number of impacts of smaller impactors will have been higher, but they will concentrate lower masses of potential resources). As the estimated C and N concentrations from such impacts greatly exceed those expected for
ices within individual permanently shadowed polar craters, searching for these rare impact sites may be worthwhile from a resource perspective. We briefly discuss how this might be achieved by means of orbital infrared remote-sensing measurements
Lessons learned from online students in a conflict zone
No full textI’ve spent the past two plus years teaching synchronous online classes twice a week to undergraduate students in Myanmar (Burma). As a visiting faculty member, I have seen to-date, high levels of student engagement in their learning within this online classroom environment. However, in the Spring 2024 semester, I will admit it became more challenging to hold students to course expectations and requirements as strictly as one would like, while recognizing how their everyday experiences were evolving, physically and emotionally, with the inception of conscription laws for the military and the limitations on their electricity supply. These barriers impacted, at times, their access to their learning, but not their enthusiasm and drive to learn. The students have revealed their resilience and their determination to learn, so that they can one day apply the skills and knowledge they gained from their studies to be future change-makers. As the semester ended, I found myself reflecting on this more recent experience and reconsidering the practices of online learning. I thought about how I continually adapted my teaching to support their learning in a changing political landscape. What follows is what I learned, which is applicable to teaching online or in person
Por uma esquerda consistentemente internacionalista e democrática: Uma contribuição para a renovação e transformação à esquerda
No full textTemos observado horrorizados, dia após dia, durante semanas a fio, o aumento do número de mortes de civis em Gaza. Estamos chocados e indignados com o castigo coletivo infligido aos habitantes de Gaza pelas Forças de Defesa de Israel (IDF), o aumento da violência dos colonos na Cisjordânia e a repressão do estado e de grupos de extrema-direita contra cidadãos palestinos em Israel. Nos Estados Unidos, na Europa, na Índia e em outros lugares, o ativismo pela Palestina como um todo é demonizado por muitos políticos mainstream e boa parte da mídia, sendo, em alguns casos, criminalizado pelo Estado. Muitas reportagens ocidentais sobre Israel/Palestina são impregnadas de racismo civilizacional, frequentemente retratando os israelenses como pessoas modernas, ocidentais e civilizadas, cujo sofrimento é de alguma forma mais real e importante do que o dos palestinos. A desumanização racista de muçulmanos e árabes contribui para o sofrimento vivenciado pelos palestinos.
Neste contexto, há um impulso compreensível de focar apenas no imediato. Pode parecer que este não é o momento certo para falar sobre o que está errado no ativismo de esquerda em Israel/Palestina e na esquerda em geral.
Mas acreditamos que, diante da crise, a autorreflexão é mais, não menos, importante. É agora, não depois, que precisamos refletir criticamente sobre as perspectivas dominantes em nossos movimentos, amplamente definidos e se elas são as corretas para efetivamente promover mudanças
Children in Art History
No full textBook synopsis: Developed cooperatively with scholars worldwide, Oxford Bibliographies in Childhood Studies offers exclusive, authoritative research guides. Combining the best features of an annotated bibliography and a high-level encyclopedia, this cutting-edge resource guides researchers to the best available scholarship across the field of Childhood Studies.
Offering a rapidly expanding range of articles and a robust update program, Oxford Bibliographies in Childhood Studies is reaching more scholars and students than ever before, increasing productivity, saving time, and elevating the quality of research.
More than just a bibliographic service or an aggregator of links, Oxford Bibliographies in Childhood Studies is an entirely new type of resource. Each article is an authoritative guide to the current scholarship on a topic with original commentary and annotations by top scholars. Designed to streamline the research process, intuitive linking and discoverability tools quickly guide users to the content they are looking for, whether it be a chapter, a book, a journal article, a Website, blog, or data set.
The experience is completely customizable. Users can sign in to save searches and create a personalized list of citations and links to full-text print and online content, saving time in syllabus and reading list preparation. Users can also receive email alerts when articles and bibliographies update making Oxford Bibliographies a first stop for texts to incorporate into a course list.
Oxford Bibliographies in Childhood Studies has an Editor in Chief, Editorial Board, and team of peer reviewers overseeing the development and updating of articles ensuring balanced perspective with scholarly accuracy and a robust updating program to keep researchers informed of advances in the field.
Oxford Bibliographies in Childhood Studies launched with approximately 50 articles; with an additional 50 to 75 articles added each year. New article topics are selected to ensure each subject area offers full and balanced coverage as determined by the Editor in Chief and Editorial Board, scholarly feedback, and research demand
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