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Identifying the core and peripheral criteria for gambling and gaming disorders within the World Health Organization diagnostic framework in a nationally representative sample
Full text linkGambling disorder and gaming disorder are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to affective disorders, highlighting the need to better understand their diagnostic frameworks. The aim of this study was to compare “core” and “peripheral” diagnostic criteria for gaming disorder and evaluate these distinctions within gambling disorder for the first time. A nationally representative sample of 1074 British adults completed online assessments of gambling and gaming disorders per the World Health Organization's (WHO) eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Condition Inferential Tree analyses identified which criteria best predicted high-risk behavior. Prevalence was low for gambling disorder (0.49 %) and gaming disorder (0.30 %), though high-risk cases were more frequent (2.47 % and 2.27 %, respectively). In gambling disorder, the experience of significant distress/impairment (criterion 4), increased priority (criterion 2), and continuation/escalation (criterion 3) emerged as core criteria while impaired control (criterion 1) was peripheral. For gaming disorder, the experience of significant distress/impairment (criterion 4), continuation/escalation (criterion 3), and impaired control (criterion 1) were core and increased priority (criterion 2) peripheral. It is feasible to distinguish core from peripheral criteria in both disorders, but doing so requires a careful, severity-sensitive approach. The findings imply that distinguishing core from peripheral diagnostic criteria in gambling and gaming disorders provides a useful severity-sensitive framework that clarifies their links with affective disorders. Specifically, this distinction helps clinicians target the symptoms most likely to worsen mood dysregulation and guides research into shared mechanisms, improving prevention and treatment for comorbid affective and behavioral disorders
Neurodiversity coaching
No full textThis chapter introduces readers to neurodiversity coaching and explores this growing area of
practice through the lens of the INVESTS model (McDowall et al., 2024a). We start with an
overview of the neurodiversity movement, relevant language and terminology. The chapter then
critically examines marginalised intersecting identities. Next, the chapter discusses
vulnerability—for the coaching client and coach. This chapter summarises extant evidence and
incorporates qualitative data collected from over thirty neurodiversity coaches, collected for the
purpose of illustrating this chapter. Then, the chapter outlines how language and exploration may
need to be adapted to a neurodiversity coaching context and pertinent issues in supervision. The
chapter closes with a focus on practice and illustration of neurodiversity coaching in a case study.
This chapter draws on research and practice from psychology and cognate fields to inform good
practice and clear boundaries in neurodiversity coaching. First, our focus in this chapter is on
coaching at work―including pre-employment coaching, career coaching and executive coaching.
But we recognise that co-occurrence with physical and mental health conditions is common among
neurodiverse clients and believe that such topics are better addressed through specialist support
outside coaching. Second, while neurodiversity coaching has grown in popularity, there remains no
universal standard or certification for coaching in this field. We strongly advise that coaches need
to have specialist neurodiversity coaching training and supervision in place before embarking in
this field
Some example academic book proposal forms in case they help
No full textA set of successful academic book proposals, shared in case they help someone else to see what worked for me. I do not claim that these are exemplars, but merely examples
Caught in the daily scroll: how upward social comparison fuels daily anxiety during short video use among Chinese young adults
Full text linkThe rapid growth of short video platforms has raised concerns about their potential impact on young people’s mental health and well-being. However, the dynamic relationship between short video use and daily anxiety symptoms remains poorly understood. To address this gap, this study employed the experience sampling method (ESM) and dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) to examine their bidirectional relationship in a representative sample of Chinese young adults (N = 389; Mage = 20.38 years, SD = 1.44 years; 51.1% male). The results indicated that at the within-person level, there were no significant bidirectional effects between short video use (i.e., active use, passive use, or total use time) and daily anxiety symptoms. However, upward social comparison tendency moderated the within-person effect of passive short video use on subsequent anxiety symptoms. Specifically, individuals with higher levels of upward social comparison experienced greater anxiety during periods of increased passive short video use. In contrast, those with lower levels of upward social comparison experienced less anxiety under similar conditions. These findings suggest that while short video use may not directly contribute to daily anxiety, its psychological impact is contingent upon individual differences in social comparison. In particular, those prone to upward comparison may be more vulnerable to anxiety during passive consumption of short video content
Improving care proceedings: ‘There was so much said about me that I didn’t get to answer for myself’
Full text linkThis report sets out the findings of research commissioned by the Department for Education (DfE) to support the work of the Care Proceedings Reform Group (CPRG), a subgroup of the Public Law Working Group (PLWG). The CPRG was created to address the recommendations of the Independent Review of Children’s Social Care to make care proceedings more compassionate by drawing on principles of the Family Drug and Alcohol Court, and research on parents' perspectives of care proceedings and different care orders. The aim of the research reported here was to provide a ‘lived experience’ perspective on care proceedings to inform the ongoing work of CPRG. Online discussion groups were held with 34 parents, kinship carers and young people, who were recruited and supported by Cafcass and Family Rights Group. We discussed what sources of advice, support and information they accessed (and how there was a lack of support and advice); if and how they were able to participate in proceedings and whether they had a ‘voice’ in court hearings; what their interactions with judges and other professionals were like; and how aspects of problem solving courts could be adopted more generally to improve experiences of care proceedings
How to sell debt (but not money)
Full text linkMulti-unit common value auctions in which bidders submit demand functions are used for a variety of purposes, including selling government debt (Treasury auctions) and allocating
liquidity (repo auctions). Typically, either a discriminatory or a uniform-price format is used. In this paper, we consider the incentive for participation by relatively uninformed bidders in the presence of more informed bidders under these formats. We characterize the equilibrium under a discriminatory auction and show that discriminatory pricing inhibits uninformed participation. In contrast, the equilibria we construct under a uniform pricing rule show that profitable uninformed participation can occur. The usefulness of widening participation in Treasury auctions makes the latter format a natural choice in these auctions, providing an explanation for the switch to the uniform-price format in US Treasury auctions. We also apply our results to repo auctions and show that a uniform-price format can reduce the ability of a central bank to steer interest rates. This sheds light on the reason for the switch away from the uniform-price format by several central banks in conducting repo auctions. We also consider the question of information aggregation and show that uniform-price auctions might fail to do so. The results also offer an explanation for the fact that the ECB, as well as several other central banks, prefer to allocate liquidity through a fixed-rate tender rather than either uniform-price or discriminatory auctions
Embedded courts under campaign-style enforcement: How top-down reforms reshape conditional justice in China
Full text linkDrawing on over 360,000 Chinese court records, we employ a regression-discontinuity-in-time (RDiT) design to examine a top-down reform intended to prevent local governments from pressuring courts to decline administrative litigation cases upon submission. We find that while the total number of cases spiked briefly following the reform, increases in the volume of sensitive land-related disputes have remained stable. Meanwhile, while cases are increasingly dismissed without a formal judgment, plaintiffs who reach trial are significantly more likely to win. Combining quantitative results with qualitative evidence, we argue that Chinese local courts strategically utilize top-down mandates to pursue a subnational separation of powers. Such campaign-style reforms can produce lasting change by allowing the judiciary to gain leverage over the executive branch. While citizens' access to justice remains subject to selective gatekeeping, the continued practice of conditional justice suggests a reduced political embeddedness of local courts
On-line engagement: more than a tick or a like?
No full textThe rise of social media platforms has changed political engagement in complicated ways. Dismissed as clicktivism and slacktivism by the way it affords ill-informed and non-committal support from digital passers-by, it nonetheless furnishes movements with potent organisational infrastructures, and makes possible global visibility as well as the emergence of affective publics: collectivities coalescing around moods as much as anything but capable of pushing for and achieving change IRL. Recursive virality means that indignation and rage can combine with whimsy and joy in newly expressive ways, but it can equally render expressions of political engagement ersatz and flimsy. Visibility is a double-edged sword, too, with movements like Black Lives Matter and Extinction Rebellion wielding little control over how they are seen by well-meaning naifs and inveterate partisans. Nor is online activism leaderless or self-organising: it is often as hierarchical and exclusionary as any pre-digital sclerotic factionalism. Online engagement demands as much work as what preceded it, and much of that work is material, physical. Indeed, one of the great ironies of digital activism is how it facilitates and amplifies real-world interventions, enabling social movements to ground their claims in a collective, corporeal insistence that we are here and we will be heard
A concurrent validity study of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) and the MacArthur‐Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory (CDI) in infants with an elevated likelihood or diagnosis of Autism
Full text linkInfants at elevated likelihood for or later diagnosed with autism typically have smaller vocabularies than their peers, as shown by the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) and the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory (CDI). However, the extent to which MSEL and CDI scores align remains unclear, especially across clinical and non-clinical popu- lations. This study examined whether the concurrent validity of the MSEL and CDI differs based on autism likelihood and diagnosis. Data from 720 14-month-old infants were analysed, grouped by likelihood (elevated vs. typical) and diagnosis at 36 months (diagnosed vs. not diagnosed). Vocabulary scores were compared across both likelihood and diagnostic groups. Moderate correlations were observed between the MSEL and CDI in most groups (rs range = [.34–.58]). One exception was that the expressive scores of elevated likelihood infants on the MSEL and CDI were more closely associated than the expres- sive scores of typical likelihood infants. Diagnosed infants had lower vocabulary scores than non-diagnosed peers on both the MSEL and CDI. The elevated likelihood group showed lower scores on the MSEL but not the CDI compared to typical likelihood infants. The moderate correlations suggest that the MSEL and CDI assess different aspects of language in infancy. These associations were weaker than previously reported in autistic children. Differences in vocabulary scores across likeli- hood and diagnostic groups highlight the need for further research to understand the association between these measures
Output costs of education and skill mismatch in OECD countries
Full text linkWe quantify the output costs of education and skills mismatch for 17 OECD economies, using a calibrated model of vertical mismatch. Eliminating the frictions generating mismatch would raise output by 3% to 4% on average, varying between 0.5% to 9% across countries. Although the education and skill mismatch measures are constructed using different methods and differ in size, the output costs are similar between the two measures
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