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Computational modelling of infant gaze following in cluttered environments and reduced caregiver gaze reliability
No full textHumans’ ability to share attention with others plays an important role in social competence, language acquisition, and action understanding. Gaze following, an indicator of shared attention, occurs when an individual shifts their gaze from looking at another individual to the object that the other is focused on. Previous work showed that infants’ gaze following can be formulated using a reinforcement learning model, in a simplified environment with one visual target. However, real world infants’ social interactions are typically far more complex, involving multiple competing stimuli and unpredictable attentional demands. To have a more ecologically valid context compared to previous work, we extended the established reinforcement-learning model for infants’ gaze following by introducing visual clutter consisting of multiple visual objects and by varying the reliability of the caregiver’s gaze direction. The extended version of the model showed that gaze following still develops in the presence of distracting objects and that variability in caregiver gaze reliability substantially affects this development. Our findings lay the groundwork for further ecologically valid computational studies and can be adapted to simulate conditions in which the emergence of gaze following may be disrupted by atypical developmental processes
Editorial freedom in academic publishing: on the first decade of the Open Library of Humanities
Get PDFThis editorial commemorates the tenth anniversary of diamond open access journal publisher the Open Library of Humanities (OLH) and its flagship journal, the Open Library of Humanities journal (OLHJ). Launched in 2015, the OLH serves as an innovative model for sustainable and equitably-funded scholarly publishing that now supports over 30 peer-reviewed humanities and social sciences journals. Discussing the OLHJ’s rolling publication format as a key factor in its success, this article draws on the experiences of academic editors to emphasise the importance of retaining editorial agency throughout the journal publication process. Recognising increasing corporate pressure on editors to compromise their academic integrity in favour of increasing profits, the article reveals the growing trend of mass resignations of journal editors in recent years, highlighting the fundamental importance of editors’ ethical decisions in extending the global scholarly ecosystem for the common good. Building on the 2002 Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) and its 20th anniversary recommendations, this article calls for a renewed commitment to its open access principles, urging the academic community to ‘think globally, act locally’. Applying Jonathan Lear’s concept of ‘radical hope’ as a powerful catalyst for the open access movement, the editorial frames collective action as a vital response to global crises in academic communities. It details vital practical steps that researchers, editors and educators can take to help advance the BOAI’s goals, concluding that such individual ethical choices and collective actions are crucial for the future of the open access movement
Physiology – communications - engineering
No full textInformatics of Domination is an experimental collection addressing formations of power that manifest through technical systems and white capitalist patriarchy in the twenty-first century. The volume takes its name from a chart in Donna J. Haraway’s canonical 1985 essay “A Manifesto for Cyborgs.” Haraway theorizes the informatics of domination as a feminist, diagrammatic concept for situating power and a world system from which the figure of the cyborg emerges. Informatics of Domination builds on Haraway’s chart as an open structure for thought, inviting fifty scholars, artists, and creative writers to unfold new perspectives. Their writings take on a variety of forms, such as essays on artificial intelligence, disability and protest, and transpacific imaginaries; conversations with an AI trained on Black oral history; a three-dimensional response to Mexico-US border tensions; hand-drawn images on queer autotheory; ecological fictions about gut microbiomes and wet markets; and more. Together, the writings take up the unfinished structure of the chart in order to proliferate critiques of white capitalist patriarchal power with the study of information systems, networks, and computation today. This volume includes an afterword by Haraway
La Transición, punto de partida. Reflexiones sobre la pervivencia del marco democrático español The Spanish Transición, Departure Point. Reflections on the persistence of a democratic framework
Get PDFEste artículo explora la pervivencia de la Transición a través de cincuenta años de la historia política y cultural española. Haciendo calas en momentos y conceptos clave, tanto de afirmación (pacto de silencio, consenso, reconciliación), como de cuestionamiento (régimen del 78, CT, segunda transición, guerras de la memoria) de los logros de este periodo, y con referencias a actores políticos, culturales e intelectuales, se hace patente que la Transición sigue siendo un origen reconocible del presente, un momento determinante al que continúa siendo necesario volver para reflexionar sobre el pasado, el presente y el futuro de la democracia española.
This article explores the return of the Transición through fifty years of Spanish political and cultural history. By examining key moments and concepts, both of affirmation (pact of silence, consensus, reconciliation) and of questioning (“regime of 78”, CT, second transition, memory wars) of this period’s achievements, and with references to political, cultural and intellectual actors, the article shows how the Transition continues to be a recognizable origin of the present, a determining moment to which it is still necessary to return in order to reflect on the past, the present and the future of Spanish democracy
Leninism, post-marxism and the class consciousness of social movements
No full textThis post is part of a book symposium on Dimitrios Kivotidis’ new book, The Dialectics of Democracy: Towards a Socialist Constitutionalism
Advancing the social impact of work and organizational psychology through Qualitative Abductive Research (QAR)
No full textThis paper critically engages with the “actionable insights” derived by Arnold, Dries & Gabriel (2021) from a special issue demonstrating how W/OP scholars can generate real world impact. We propose qualitative abductive research (QAR) as a solution to the tension between producing high quality theoretical insights and usable knowledge. We present principles and guidelines for adopting QAR. We demonstrate how these principles might be applied through examples from our own research, including how this approach can enable social impact. Our commentary also seeks to extend our impact ambitions through the critical lens of responsible research (Bal et al, 2019). We consider what voices are privileged in impact research and argue for making conducting impactful research more accessible and respected. In conclusion we advocate for the legitimation of QAR and other alternative approaches in W/OP. We also debate the barriers to conducting impact-oriented research, including academic work overload which we argue limits more creative and impactful research
'In the interests of justice, morality and religion’: St Joan's Social and Political Alliance, 1920s-1930s
No full textIn 1910, women’s suffrage campaigners Gabrielle Jeffery and May Kendall met outside Holloway Prison in London waiting to cheer on released suffragettes. They were allied by their passion for the suffrage cause, but also, as they realised that day, by their Catholic identity. This fortuitous meeting led to the formation of the Catholic Women’s Suffrage Society (renamed St Joan’s Social and Political Alliance in 1923; then St Joan’s International Alliance in 1954). Co-religionists were recruited to the cause of women’s suffrage and by 1913, the Catholic Women’s Suffrage Society claimed over 1,000 members. Over the next 50 years, the Society expanded to 24 countries over five continents. Outlasting most suffrage societies, they successfully moved from their original aim of suffrage for women on the same terms as men, towards broader aims of political, social and economic equalities between men and women. The women of St Joan’s Alliance saw their Catholic faith as an integral component of their feminism; they identified their causes for equality between men and women as ‘elementary justice’ and argued for the ‘essential Catholicity of our feminist creed’. In bringing its resolution and aims before Cardinal Archbishop Bourne in 1911, it highlighting ‘the grave need of admitting women to the parliamentary franchise in the interests of justice, morality and religion’. This chapter identifies how justice, morality and religion were intrinsic to St Joan’s Alliance campaigning activities
Female youth sport participation and gender role beliefs around occupational suitability in later life: exploring the associations
Get PDFPurpose: Many professional fields remain highly male-dominated and this has been linked to people’s gender role beliefs around occupational suitability. Youth sport participation has often been presumed to influence people’s gender role beliefs in later life, but there is a lack of empirical evidence around this. This study examines the associations between female youth sport participation and gender role beliefs around occupational suitability in later life.
Methodology: An online survey was administered, resulting in 501 responses from women aged 18-74. In-depth interviews were conducted with five women.
Findings: The survey found a significant association between pre-college participation in ‘masculine’ sports and gender role beliefs around occupational suitability, but not between frequency of participation, or participation in competitive and/or team sport. The interviews provided further insight, highlighting the important influence of family environment and self-confidence.
Practical Implications: The findings provide empirical evidence for practitioners and policymakers involved in designing sport activities for young people.
Research Contribution: This study develops the evidence base around the influence of youth sport participation on gender role beliefs in later life and offers suggestions for future research.
Originality: This is the first study that directly measures the relationship between female youth sport participation and gender role beliefs around occupational suitability in later life
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