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Review of Simon Deakin and Christopher Markou (eds), 'Is Law Computable: Critical Perspectives on Law and Artificial Intelligence', Oxford: Hart Publishing
No full textIn broad terms, the chapters in this thought-provoking volume take one of two approaches to the question of law and computation. The first approach asks the theoretical question of whether or not computational reasoning carried out by artificial intelligence (AI) can effectively simulate or replace legal reasoning. The second approach considers pragmatic problems that data-driven technologies currently pose to the legal system
Epilogue: the death of death – Zero K, Don DeLillo (2016)
No full textBook synopsis: The twenty-first century is truly the age of the undead. They are no longer just vampires or zombies, but every kind of monster that can be imagined. More so, they not only live in the alien terrain of our imaginations or nightmares but are embedded into the very nature of our existence in the neverending catastrophe of the 2000s. Featuring leading scholars such as David Punter, Roger Luckhurst, Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock and Lorna Piatti-Farnell amongst many others, the 30 original essays in The Undead in the 21st Century: A Companion describe and explain how the various fears and anxieties we have around such things as contagion, the environment, geopolitics and even ageing give form to the multifarious undead that plague our existence and seem bent on our destruction. However, as shall be argued here, if we can recognise and understand the undead they might not be the end of humanity as we know it, but possibly a way to exist beyond it
The configuration of the tail of the Sri Lanka Spurfowl Galloperdix bicalcarata (Galliformes: Phasianidae)
No full textOn the configuration of the tail of the Sri Lanka spur fow
The everyday economy and the right to food
Get PDFThis article makes the case for incorporating the right to food into notions of the everyday economy in the UK. Beyond the important entitlement to sufficient safe, nutritious and affordable food, the right to food calls for structural change in the current food system and the empowerment of citizens in the everyday production, procurement and consumption of food. We consider the role of reproduction and consumption of food in everyday settings of the household, workplace and community, suggesting that considerations of time combine with questions of earnings and income in addressing the UK's deepening crisis in food security
Mapping the common genetic architecture of early temperament: first-look results from genone-wide association analyses of infant cohorts
No full textKelyphite textures experimentally reproduced through garnet breakdown in the presence of a melt phase
Get PDFComplex multiphase reaction rims that form during garnet breakdown are known as kelyphite coronae and are common amongst exhumed mantle xenoliths. It has long been established that a reaction of garnet and olivine produces kelyphite corona consisting of spinel and pyroxenes, and that preservation of high-pressure garnet cores requires sufficiently rapid uplift of material through the spinel lherzolite stability field from depths of at least 60 km.We present new high-pressure, high-temperature experiments of garnet breakdown in the spinel-lherzolite stability field demonstrating that a series of cascading reactions can reproduce the multilayer, multiphase kelyphites seen in nature. In all experiments where breakdown occurred, a melt appears to have moderated the reactions towards equilibrium; we believe this to be the first experimental confirmation of the importance of such melts in garnet breakdown reactions. In our experiments at least three distinct zones of concentric kelyphite growth can occur at a single pressure, temperature condition; we suggest, therefore, that such kelyphites seen in natural samples do not have to be caused by a multistage uplift path as is often assumed.Kelyphitic coronae surrounding garnet have previously been used to estimate uplift rates, however, the lack of kinetic data for relevant exhumation reactions has limited their use for PTt pathway estimations and the understanding of emplacement mechanisms. In order to constrain accurate PTt pathways we use reaction rim thickness as a proxy for reaction progress and present preliminary results for the kinetics of garnet breakdown
Cognitive task analysis: eliciting management cognition
No full textCognitive Task Analysis (CTA) is a powerful qualitative methodological approach which has the potential to add to management researchers’ knowledge of in-depth interviewing techniques, whilst addressing the importance of producing rigorous research that has relevance for management practice. Developed within the Naturalistic Decision-Making community, this set of semi-structured interviewing techniques have much to offer to management researchers. Distinct from traditional semi-structured interview methods, CTA is designed to identify the knowledge requirements that underpin expertise in complex work domains. CTA is underutilised by management scholars, contrary to other applied social science disciplines in cognitive psychology, human factors, and ergonomics where it is widely used. This paper aims to advance understanding of these pragmatic techniques which are theoretically rigorous and easy to use, with results which have high face validity with practitioners. First, we provide an overview of CTA as a robust methodological approach to research oriented around knowledge elicitation. Second, we provide two examples of how the CTA approach has been used to research management; specifically using the Critical Decision Method to explore management in high-stakes environments; and an Applied Cognitive Task Analysis to explore global strategic leadership. In ending, we highlight potential avenues for using CTA for innovative management research
Inter-individual differences in cortical thickness and their genomic underpinnings in autism spectrum disorder
Get PDFObjective. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is accompanied by highly individualized
neuroanatomical deviations that potentially map onto distinct genotypes and clinical
phenotypes. However, the link between biological pathways and differences in brain
anatomy, which may pave the way towards targeted therapeutic interventions, remains
poorly understood.
Methods. Our study examined neurodevelopmental differences in cortical thickness
(CT) and their genomic underpinnings in a large and clinically diverse sample of 360
individuals with ASD and 270 typically developing controls (aged 6-30 years) within
the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP). We also examined
neurodevelopmental differences and their potential pathophysiological mechanisms
between clinical ASD subgroups, which differed in the severity and pattern of sensory
features.
Results. In addition to significant between-group differences in ‘core’ ASD brain
regions (i.e. fronto-temporal and cingulate regions), we found that ASD individuals
manifested as neuroanatomical outliers within the neurotypical CT range in a wider
neural system, which was enriched for genes known to be implicated in ASD on the
genetic and/or transcriptomic level. Within these regions, the individuals’ total (i.e.
accumulated) degree of neuroanatomical atypicality was significantly correlated with
the higher polygenic scores for ASD, and other psychiatric conditions, and scaled with
measures of symptom severity. Differences in CT deviations were also associated
with distinct sensory subgroups, especially in brain regions expressing genes involved
in excitatory rather than inhibitory neurotransmission.
Conclusions. Our findings corroborate the link between macroscopic differences in
brain anatomy and the molecular mechanisms underpinning heterogeneity in ASD, and
provide future targets for stratification and subtyping
Global institutions and governance
No full textBook synopsis: This volume addresses pertinent questions related to cross-border labor migration and puts forward a “labor market” perspective that goes beyond the national frame of reference prevailing in most of the extant labor market scholarship. In four sections, the volume pulls together a number of key threads: How can we theoretically grasp “global labor markets?” What does existing empirical research reveal about the current state of affairs and the historical development of “global labor markets”, provided that they can even be regarded as “global?” How is the emergence of border-crossing labor markets influenced by existing institutions, international intermediaries and social networks? The editors have crafted a coherent volume that enriches our understanding of both globalization and labor markets
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