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The evolution of elucidation: the Snowden cases before the IPT
Get PDFIn 2018 the European Court of Human Rights found that the UK’s Investigatory Powers Tribunal is an ‘effective remedy’ when it comes to reviewing the compatibility of the UK’s domestic legal framework governing the interception of communication and other communications surveillance powers with the requirements of the European Convention on Human Rights. In particular, the Court praised the Tribunal’s ‘elucidatory function’, which it performed during a series of cases that arose in the aftermath of Edward Snowden’s disclosures in 2013. This article analyses and historicizes the elucidatory function by comparing it with previous cases where the High Court and the IPT resolved questions of law arising from similar problems. Using insights derived from systems theory, the article argues that the elucidatory function evolved as a containment measure in response to unexpected crises of control over classified information. The procedure resolves conflicts between secrecy, security, and the publicity required by the law itself
The predictors of exam performance of Kazakh university students and secondary school pupils learning Turkish: an exploratory investigation
Get PDFThe present study investigates the effect of sociobiographical, emotional, attitudinal characteristics and teacher perceptions of 275 Kazakh secondary school pupils and 317 university students on their exam performance in Turkish as a foreign language (FL). Multiple regression analyses reveal that exam results in Turkish of secondary school pupils are predicted by teacher gender, participant’s age, attitude towards the FL and FL Classroom Anxiety. A very different picture emerges for university students, where FL level, participant’s gender, FL Enjoyment, FL Classroom Anxiety and teacher’s age explain more than twice as much variance. FL exam scores for both groups are thus underpinned by different sets of complex interactions between multiple learner-internal and learner-external variables and the effect of emotions is much stronger among university learners
Are workers rewarded for inconsistent performance?
Get PDFThis paper examines whether workers are rewarded for inconsistent performance by salary premia. Some earlier research suggests that performance inconsistency leads to salary premia, while other research finds premia for consistent performance. Using detailed salary and performance data for top-level footballers in Italy’s Serie A, we find that inconsistency is penalized for some important dimensions of basic performance measures associated with key skills of players, specifically clearances, aerial duels won, and shots on target
The professional resilience of mid-career GPs in the UK: a qualitative study
Get PDFBackground: With a continued crisis of increasing workload and reduced workforce in general practice, supporting resilience is a key strategy for sustaining the profession into the future.
Aim: How do GPs perceive professional resilience, and what workplace factors influence it?
Design and setting: A UK-based qualitative study of the perspectives of GPs currently practicing in mainly urban locations across the UK with ≥5 years’ experience after completion of GP training.
Method: Participants were recruited using convenience sampling, which included social media forums, and underwent semi-structured interviews undertaken in May and June 2020 (n = 27). Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results: Participants offered definitions of and influences on resilience that largely fit with existing research, but in addition, may result in the perception that GPs are obstructive, or that resilience may be a ‘surface act’. GPs agree that the current focus on methods of improving resilience does support them, but there is significantly more to be done in this field. Social media activity aiming at GP support may be counterproductive. Reduction of clinical working hours is a common strategy to improve resilience.
Conclusion: That GPs feel to improve resilience they need to work fewer clinical hours may have huge implications for a workforce already in crisis, and ultimately, for the health care of the UK population. Urgent research is needed to formulate a bespoke assessment for measuring GP resilience to assess potential interventions, and to identify GPs at risk of mental ill-health or leaving the profession
On the robustness of social-circle surveys: respondent selection issues, egocentrism, and homophily
Get PDFAsking people about the preferences of people in their social circles tends to yield more accurate estimates of population preference distributions than does asking each respondent about their own preference. This is likely because the former approach taps into people's knowledge about others and thereby generates an implicit super sample that includes non-sampled members of participants' social circles. The present paper makes two contributions. First, it uses a set of simulation studies to argue that the superiority of social-circle surveys can be expected to be robust in the face of respondent selection issues (e.g., non-response and coverage bias), people being highly fallible about other people's preferences (egocentric bias), and people largely surrounding themselves with those who share their preferences (homophily). Second, it reports on a survey experiment offering preliminary evidence that egocentric bias in particular can be reduced significantly through a simple survey prompt. In closing, the paper also discusses the relationship between social-circle questions and the type of closely related expectation questions (e.g., “Who do you expect will win the election?“) typically found on prediction markets — markets for placing bets on future or otherwise unknown events — which also tend to outperform traditional polls
Making Open Access Book Funding Work Fairly
No full textA talk on Opening the Future at the Oxford Festival of Open Scholarshi
Opening the future: a new model for funding Open Access monographs
Get PDFWe outline the work of two university presses, with assistance from the COPIM Project, in building an innovative revenue model to fund Open Access (OA) monographs at a traditional publisher. Building on library journal subscription models and on Knowledge Unlatched's approach to monograph funding, this OA publishing model (called “Opening the Future”) gives members special access to a backlist, with the revenue then used to make the frontlist openly accessible. We examine the general landscape of OA and funding models and discuss some of the challenges and benefits
Making Open Access Book Funding Work Fairly: The emergence of library membership funding models for Open Access monographs
No full textA talk on Opening the Future for the Access Lab 2022 event
Pontremoli's cry: personhood, scale, and history in the Eastern Mediterranean
No full textBook synopsis: This book on historical anthropology remaps the Mediterranean by reframing classical themes from early Mediterraneanist anthropology. This edited volume showcases how anthropology can contribute to an understanding of ongoing transnational dynamics and the new wave of scholarship on the Mediterranean.
The Mediterranean is back as a locus of international anxiety and academic concern. It has reemerged in the international news cycle as a space of desperate crossings and tragic endings, as the site in which a refugee crisis rivalling that of the Second World War is playing out in real time for a global viewing public. The scale of the crisis has called into question Europe’s humanitarian principles and internal political union, making the Mediterranean into a mirror for long-standing tensions between norms of universalism and demands for national security. These captivating events have further raised the tide of scholars’ interest in the Mediterranean. How should ethnographers contribute to the new wave of scholarship on the Mediterranean? To what extent does the Mediterranean offer alternative forms of political relatedness to those construed from within Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East? In this volume, we reframe classical themes from early iterations of Mediterranean anthropology to address these questions in our examinations of changing dynamics across land and sea borders, bringing ethnography back to the study of the Mediterranean, and the Mediterranean – with its Mediterraneanism – back to ethnography.
The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal, History and Anthropology
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