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Research into multilingualism and emotions
No full textMultilinguals realise that expressing and recognising emotions can be challenging (Dewaele, 2013, 2016; Pavlenko, 2005). The differences lie in the different embodiment that the languages have (Pavlenko, 2012), which affects the emotional resonance of the language. This affects the language choices of the multilinguals and their perceptions of emotional languages in various contexts. Moreover, their emotional reactions might be different depending on the language. Because different cultures express emotions in different ways, multilinguals sometimes struggle to recognise the emotional state of their interlocutor or to express their own emotions appropriately. This chapter will present an overview of recent research on language choices in romantic relationships, in therapeutic relationships, in inner speech, in multilingual swearing, in feelings of identity and belonging, in moral decision-making, and in emotion recognition in first and foreign languages
Who is watching Parliament? Monitory democracy at Westminster
Get PDFSince 2004, a whole range of data tools and sources have allowed users to ‘watch’ what MPs and Peers are doing, in terms of how they are voting, their expenses and allowances or outside interests. This Leverhulme Trust funded project examined the impact of new data tools and sources on Westminster. It asked
Who is using the new data to watch Parliament?
What and who they are monitoring?
What the impact is on those being watched and the public outside
Harmless sets in sparse classes
Get PDFIn the classic Target Set Selection problem, we are asked to minimise the number of nodes to activate so that, after the application of a certain propagation process, all nodes of the graph are active. Bazgan and Chopin [Discrete Optimization, 14:170–182, 2014] introduced the opposite problem, named Harmless Set, in which they ask to maximise the number of nodes to activate such that not a single additional node is activated
Make believe: police accountability, lying, and anti-blackness in the inquest of Sean Rigg
Get PDFIn 2008, Sean Rigg, a 40-year-old Black British man died in England and Wales police custody. It was not until 4years later at the inquest that it transpired one of the police officers involved, the custody sergeant, PS Paul White gave false information. White had claimed he saw Rigg in the van upon his arrival however CCTV footage demonstrated this did not happen. Following a deconstructive approach this paper examined the inquest transcripts to explore how belief and the possibility of being mistaken was integral to the account White provided. It is the ambiguity of truth/fiction that is significant in legal investigations for it comes to produce the justifications for the deaths of Black people in England and Wales
Howard S. Becker: Art Worlds. Berkeley (University of California Press) 2008 [1982]. Alison Gerber: The Work of Art: Value in Creative Careers. Redwood City (Stanford University Press) 2017.
No full textIrreducibility of the Tutte polynomial of an embedded graph
Get PDFWe prove that the ribbon graph polynomial of a graph embedded in
an orientable surface is irreducible if and only if the embedded graph is neither the disjoint union nor the join of embedded graphs. This result is analogous to the fact that the Tutte polynomial of a graph is irreducible if and only if the graph is connected and non-separable
Habitual night waking associates with dynamics of waking cortical theta power in infancy
Get PDFThe implications of the substantial individual differences in infant sleep for early brain development remains unclear. Here, we examined whether night sleep quality relates to daytime brain activity, operationalised through measures of EEG theta power and its dynamic modulation, which have been previously linked to later cognitive development (Braithwaite et al., 2020, Jones et al., 2020). For this longitudinal study 76 typically developing infants were studied (age: 4-14 months, 166 individual study visits) over the course of 6 months with 1, 2, 3, or 4 lab visits. Habitual sleep was measured with a 7-day sleep diary and actigraphy, and the BISQ. 20-channel EEG was recorded while infants watched multiple rounds of videos of women singing nursery rhymes; oscillatory power in the theta band was extracted. Key metrics were average theta across stimuli, and the slope of change in theta within the first novel movie. Both objective and subjective sleep assessment methods showed a relationship between more night waking, and higher overall theta power and reduced dynamic modulation of theta over the course of the novel video stimuli. These results may indicate altered learning and consolidation in infants with more disrupted night sleep, which may have implications for cognitive development
On the generality and cognitive basis of base-rate neglect
Get PDFBase rate neglect refers to people's apparent tendency to underweight or even ignore base rate information when estimating posterior probabilities for events, such as the probability that a person with a positive cancer-test outcome actually does have cancer. While often replicated, almost all evidence for the phenomenon comes from studies that used problems with extremely low base rates, high hit rates, and low false alarm rates. It is currently unclear whether the effect generalizes to reasoning problems outside this “corner” of the entire problem space. Another limitation of previous studies is that they have focused on describing empirical patterns of the effect at the group level and not so much on the underlying strategies and individual differences. Here, we address these two limitations by testing participants on a broader problem space and modeling their responses at a single-participant level. We find that the empirical patterns that have served as evidence for base-rate neglect generalize to a larger problem space, albeit with large individual differences in the extent with which participants “neglect” base rates. In particular, we find a bi-modal distribution consisting of one group of participants who almost entirely ignore the base rate and another group who almost entirely account for it. This heterogeneity is reflected in the cognitive modeling results: participants in the former group were best captured by a linear-additive model, while participants in the latter group were best captured by a Bayesian model. We find little evidence for heuristic models. Altogether, these results suggest that the effect known as “base-rate neglect” generalizes to a large set of reasoning problems, but varies largely across participants and may need a reinterpretation in terms of the underlying cognitive mechanisms
Making diversity work: transforming assessment and selection to hire for culture-add, not culture-fit
Get PDFMany organisations are striving to diversify their workforces, hoping to counter inequality while boosting team performance. Assessment tools and processes have been adapted to reduce the impact of bias, yet to realise the benefits of diversity, more is needed. The hiring paradigm needs to shift from assessing competence and culture fit to assessing each candidate’s unique contribution to an organisation and team – i.e. their culture add. While this idea has gained some currency in recent years, it has far-reaching implications for assessment and recruiting that are discussed here – a key implication being that no (individual-level) test can exist to assess culture add and rank candidates accordingly, so that assessment needs to be approached more broadly. This needs to be considered alongside the current rise of algorithmic selection tools, and occupational psychologists are called on to play an active part in ensuring that greater diversity comes about and that its potential benefits are realised
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