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Sectoral market power in global production: a theoretical and observational study
Get PDFIn a globalized world, the distribution of value-added across firms depends on a number of factors that vary across space. A key factor is related to the different types of competition on the multilayer structure of production, which are characterized by different types of (market) power. In this paper, we first argue that PageRank centrality is able to capture sectoral market power within the complex structure of global production. We then study the empirical properties of this market power measure and demonstrate a power-law relationship between sectoral PageRank centrality and relative sectoral profits. This power-law relationship has (international) political economy implications as it demonstrates the high incentives of sectors to become more central to increase their relative profits
The essence of the mental
Get PDFYour belief that Obama is a Democrat wouldn’t be the belief that it is if it didn't represent Obama, nor
would the pain in your ankle be the state that is if, say, it felt like an itch. Accordingly, it is tempting to
hold that phenomenal and representational properties are essential to the mental states that have them.
But, as several theorists have forcefully argued (including Kripke (1980) and Burge (1979, 1982)) this
attractive idea is seemingly in tension with another equally attractive thesis, namely, the token-identity
thesis; the thesis according to which every mental state token is identical with some or other token
physical state. In this paper, we show that these seemingly incontrovertible essentialist intuitions are in
fact compatible with ‘token physicalism’ regarding the mental.
Given a suitably plentitudinous ontology
of objects, we argue that there are physical things with which our token mental states can be identified.
This is preferable to existing views that give up the essentiality claims or simply reject the token-identity
thesis
Market-centric pathways for racial inclusion: the case of #MyBlackReceipt
Get PDFRacial exclusion is a persistent problem in consumer markets. Based on a qualitative study of the initiative #MyBlackReceipt, we analyze an alternative pathway to challenge the systemic origins of exclusion. We identify six tactics that participants employ to collectively harness market forces and leverage online environments to increase market inclusion
Towards renewable public transport: mining the performance of electric buses using solar-radiation as an auxiliary power source
Get PDFTransforming the road public transport to run on renewable energy is vital solution to achieve carbon neutral and net zero goals. This paper evaluates the potential of using solar radiation-generated electricity as an auxiliary power supplementary for the battery of electric buses, based on a developed framework that using publicly street-view panoramas, GPS trajectory data and DEM data as input parameters of solar radiation model. A case study of Qingdao, China with 547 bus routes, 28661 street-view panoramas shows that the solar-radiation electricity generated at noon during the operation accounts for about one-fourth, one-sixth of the total electricity consumption of a bus traveling one kilometer in a sunny day and a cloudy day, respectively. Spatial variability shows significant solar-radiation power generation advantages in newly-launched areas and expressway. The solar power generated in a sunny day can make a bus full of passengers and with air conditioner on at least one extra trip in 2:1 replacement schedule and 4:3 replacement schedule. A correlated relation between the solar-radiation power generation benefit and the operation schedule of electric buses is observed, implying that the high cost of 2:1 replacement schedule for long-distance routes during summer or winter can be reduced. The proposed framework can help us evaluate and understand the feasibility of solar radiation-generated electricity energy of electric bus fleets covering the large-scale urban areas at different times, locations, and weather conditions, so as to support effective decisions at better planning of PV-integrated electric buses
Exploring the experiences of four men living with involuntary childlessness in midlife
Get PDFWhile considerable research has focused on medicalized infertility for women living with involuntary childlessness, far less attention has been placed on men. This exploratory study focuses on four British men using data collected through semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, and four over-arching themes emerged: personal impact of loss; losing interpersonal connections; turning loss into inner strength; and reforming identity through nurturing relationships. The findings highlight the men’s grief over their loss and the meaning-making to their everyday lives, adding experiential understanding helpful for health professionals and researchers
Alice Ambrose and early analytic philosophy
Get PDFAlice Ambrose (1906-2001) is best known as Wittgenstein’s student during the 1930s. Her association with probably the most famous philosopher of the 20th century contributes to her obscurity. Ambrose is referred to in historiography of this period as ‘follower’ or ‘disciple’ but never considered in her own right as a philosopher. The neglect of her place in the history of philosophy needs to be resisted. This paper explores some of Ambrose’s most interesting ideas from the early 1950s, when she developed and expanded some of Wittgenstein’s inchoate suggestions and contributed to on-going debates about how to do philosophy and the role of language in the discipline. By combining an analysis of the 1950 paper ‘The Problem of Linguistic Inadequacy’ and the 1952 paper ‘Linguistic Approaches to Philosophical Problems’, it will be seen that Ambrose rejects the idea that ordinary language can be improved and begins to develop the view that philosophical language adapts to usage. Thus, Ambrose does not blindly follow Wittgenstein but breaks with his idea that there is something inherently wrong with the way philosophers communicate. The paper also seeks to show how marginalized philosophers become obscured in the history of the subject through the example of Ambrose
Reading revolutions: Corrado Costa’s William Blake in Beulah, a visionary cartoon essay in 1977 Italy
Get PDFUnder what conditions might Blake’s Beulah offer a script for a revolutionary present? This essay explores an episode in the visual reception of Blake as a letter-press poet published at a time of civil unrest in 1977 Italy. Corrado Costa’s William Blake in Beulah: Saggio Visionario su un Poeta a Fumetti (William Blake in Beulah: A visionary essay on a poet in comic strips, 1977) is an avantgarde experiment in visual adaptation inspired by lettrism, dada, and neo-avantgarde critiques of typography. Their analysis of the loss of the visual elements of writing certainly applies to the textual transmission of Blake’s works, which separated the poet from the artist in order to publish his poetry in typographical layouts. Abstracted from the visual form of the illuminated book, Blake’s poetry offered an ideal testing ground for Costa’s “visionary essay” in the sense of a creative-critical attempt to turn poetry into comic-strip captions. Costa extracted clusters of words from Jerusalem, A Song of Liberty, The French Revolution and ‘The Mental Traveller’, fragmented, re-segmented, and distributed Blake’s words across comic-strip panels, releasing them from the constraints of language and genre, testing how Blake might fare as a comic-strip poet. In what follows, I will explore how Costa’s comic-strip Blake subverts the orders of language, genre, and the medium of the book, focusing on the most experimental section of Blake in Beulah in which Costa reinvents Blake’s The French Revolution as a prophetic cue for the 1977 movement, showing how his revolution in poetic language reads in revolutionary times
Triple, quadruple, and higher-order helices: historical phenomena and (neo-)evolutionary models
Get PDFCarayannis and Campbell (2009; 2010) have argued for using quadruple and quintuple helices as models encompassing and generalizing triple-helix dynamics. In the meantime, quadruple and quintuple helices have been adopted by the European Committee for the Regions and the European Commission as metaphors for further strategy development such as in EU-programs in Smart Specialization, Plan S, Open Innovation 2.0, etc. Here we argue that the transition from a double helix to a triple helix can change the dynamic from a trajectory to a regime. However, next-order transitions (e.g., to quadruple, quintuple, or n-tuple helices) can be decomposed and recombined into interacting Triple Helices. For example, in the case of four helices A, B, C, and D, one can distinguish ABC, ABD, ACD, and BCD; each triplet can generate synergy. The triple-helix synergy indicator can thus be elaborated for more than three dimensions. However, whether innovation systems are national, regional, sectorial, triple-helix, quadruple-helix, etc., can inform policies with evidence if one proceeds to measurement. A variety of perspectives can be used to interpret the data. Software for testing perspectives will be introduced
The latent structure of negative symptoms in the general population in adolescence and emerging adulthood
Get PDFNegative symptoms predict adverse outcomes within psychotic disorders, in individuals at high-risk for psychosis, and in young people in the community. There is considerable interest in the dimensional structure of negative symptoms in clinical samples, and accumulating evidence suggests a 5-factor structure. Little is known about the underlying structure of negative symptoms in young people despite the importance of this developmental stage for mental health. We used confirmatory factor analysis to test the structure of parent-reported negative symptoms at mean ages 16.32 (SD 0.68, N = 4974), 17.06 (SD 0.88, N = 1469) and 22.30 (SD 0.93, N = 5179) in a community sample. Given previously reported associations between total negative symptoms and genome-wide polygenic scores (GPS) for major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia in adolescence, we assessed associations between individual subdomains and these GPSs. A 5-factor model of flat affect, alogia, avolition, anhedonia, and asociality provided the best fit at each age and was invariant over time. The results of our linear regression analyses showed associations between MDD GPS with avolition, flat affect, anhedonia, and asociality, and between schizophrenia GPS with avolition and flat affect. We showed that a 5-factor structure of negative symptoms is present from ages 16 to 22 in the community. Avolition was most consistently associated with polygenic liability to MDD and schizophrenia, and alogia was least associated. These findings highlight the value of dissecting negative symptoms into psychometrically derived subdomains and may offer insights into early manifestation of genetic risk for MDD and schizophrenia
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