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Transnational gender equality: a framework for analysis and three prospective agendas for future IB research
Get PDFGender equality is a global grand challenge and U.N. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG5) requiring the impetus of the IB community. As members of this community, Professional Services Firms (PSFs) providing HR-related consultancy services play an influential role in promoting the business case for gender equality to client businesses pursuing greater workforce diversity and inclusion. However, PSFs struggle to accomplish gender equality themselves. In this article, we examine the gendering of transnational PSFs through an integrative literature review to establish how the IB community can address shortcomings with existing gender equality research and strategy. Our review explains how and why gendered structural and relational processes and practices at multiple levels shape the varied experiences and behaviors of professionals in these firms. We use
these findings to advance a new framework for the transnational analysis of gender equality, which synthesizes the dynamic processes and practices gendering PSFs and moves past top-down and colonial perspectives to counter biases in current theorization. We then set out three prospective agendas for the IB community to progress future gender equality research, strategy and practice
Feminist scholars' experiences in decolonising the academy: race, class, and identity in narrative
No full textBook synopsis: How do different gender identities interact with the key challenge of decolonising higher education?
Editor Jan Etienne brings together a range of experiences from a diverse group of feminist scholars to explore how perspectives of race, class, gender, and social identity can impact and inform decolonising activism.
Ideal reading for students of Gender Studies, Critical Race Theory Studies, Black Studies, Decolonial Studies, Activism Studies, and other related and interdisciplinary courses, this book will be of interest to all scholars interested in the decolonisation of the higher education curriculum
The death penalty, due process violations, murder by decree and extra-legal killings: a typology of ‘murder by governments’
No full textWhat is (the) matter with climate litigation? Law, nature, and the limits of legal technique
Get PDFThis essay examines how ‘nature’ is mediated by law in climate cases. In Minister for the Environment v Sharma (2022) (Federal Court, Aust.), the court applied a narrow definition of ‘matter of law’ (justiciability), and thereby negated ‘matter in law’ (as CO2, and ecological destruction). Climate destruction demands the extension of legal categories and obligations such as tort and nuisance. But rendering matter through law manifests the classical opposition between nomos and physis (law and nature). By considering the treatment of ‘matter’ in climate cases, I open a wider discussion about the limits and potential of legal technique as a means of mediating ‘nature’. Turning to Adorno’s negative dialectics, I consider how the negation of nature might be redeemed through the extension of legal concepts. Such legal mediation shows the potential for reorienting the dialectic of law and nature – an urgent means of pursuing planetary justice in the current moment
Folk horror: revival or survival? The genealogy of a sub-genre
No full textThis article explores one of the roots of the recent folk horror revival in the work of the Victorian anthropologist, Edward Tylor. Tylor’s ‘doctrine of survivals’ was about elements of pre-modern culture and belief persisting out of time into the modern world. It has been argued that this is one of the key sources for the folk horror narrative of modern outsiders venturing into pockets of pre-modern belief. The article excavates the insistent racialization of the ‘survival’ in Tylor’s work and explores whether the folk horror revival in recent years has fully explored this ambiguous inheritance from the intrinsic racial biases of Victorian anthropology and folklore studies
Rage against the machine? Generative AI exposure, subjective risk, and policy preferences
Get PDFHow does novel technology change public policy demands? Scholars interested in the effect of automation on policy preferences have commonly argued that exposure to automation technology increases subjective risk, which in turn predicts demand for insurance. Generative AI potentially challenges this dynamic. Based on a pre-registered online experiment with a sample of 1,041 UK working-age adults we show that direct exposure to generative AI in realistic work tasks does not increase subjective risk but strengthens
support for activating social policy. To understand this constellation of attitudes, we argue that exposure to technology may activate sociotropic preferences to support individuals who might be negatively affected by AI. Text analysis shows cautious optimism and thoughtful engagement with the implications of AI for work and social policy. Our findings suggest that the current uncertainty over the relative winners
and losers from AI opens a window of opportunity to expand activating social policies
Litter impact index: a proposed weighting of litter items to inform sustainable packaging development and extended producer responsibility
Get PDFLitter is a collective noun that encompasses a large variety of items, ranging from organic to synthetic, and from sharp to inert. Despite this, conversations and regulation on litter continue to group these items with little consideration towards the various levels of associated negative consequences. As a result, the Litter Impact Index (LII) was constructed to score individual items within indicators of toxicity, tenacity, threat and transportability (4T). The product of the index provides a clear visualisation of litter impact on a 0–100 point scale. As a result, it is found that litter items have varying degrees of adverse effects and cannot be considered equally impactful. This index is the first of its kind and was developed with the intention to inform sustainable waste practices, litter related policy, and packaging design by decreasing associated negative impacts
Deciding the existence of interpolants and definitions in First-Order Modal Logic
Get PDFNone of the first-order modal logics between K and S5 under the constant domain semantics enjoys Craig interpolation or projective Beth definability, even in the language restricted to a single individual variable. It follows that deciding the existence of a Craig interpolant for a given implication or of an explicit definition for a given predicate cannot be directly reduced to deciding the validity of an implication, as in classical first- order and many other logics. Our concern here is the decidability and computational complexity of the interpolant and definition existence problems. We first consider two decidable fragments of first-order modal logic S5: the one-variable fragment Q1S5 and its extension S5ALCu that combines S5 and the description logic ALC with the universal role. We prove that interpolant and definition existence in Q1S5 and S5ALCu is decidable in coN2ExpTime, being 2ExpTime-hard, while uniform interpolant existence is undecidable. These results transfer to the two-variable fragment FO2 of classical first-order logic without equality. We also show that interpolant and definition existence in the one-variable fragment Q1K of first-order modal logic K is non-elementary decidable, while uniform interpolant existence is again undecidable
Roles of domain-general auditory processing in L2 speech learning revisited: what degree of precision makes a difference?
Get PDFThis study expands on the practical application of the critical role of auditory processing in the rate of naturalistic L2 speech acquisition. In Study 1, the prosodic production of English by 46 Chinese college students was tracked over a five-month study abroad program in the UK. Learners with extensive L2 input opportunities demonstrated improvements in prosodic accuracy; however, those with pitch acuity below a certain threshold showed regression, potentially reinforcing L1 interference. To determine what percentage of participants fell below the auditory processing threshold determined in Study 1, Study 2 administered pitch processing tests to 400 Chinese college students learning English, all with normal hearing, and developed a provisional corpus to assess pitch acuity variation within this cohort. The comparison of findings from Studies 1 and 2 suggests that insufficient auditory precision hampers naturalistic L2 learning. Approximately the bottom 1.5 quartiles of the population (35%) may fall below this threshold. These learners could benefit from remedial strategies (e.g., explicit phonetic instruction, auditory training) to fully capitalize on their naturalistic L2 learning opportunities
Laurel–Yanny percept affects the speech-to-song illusion, but musical anhedonia does not
Get PDFSome spoken phrases, when heard repeatedly, seem to transform into music, in a classic finding known as the speech-to-song illusion. Repeated listening to musical phrases can also lead to changes in liking, attributed to learning-related reduction of prediction errors generated by the dopaminergic reward system. Does repeating spoken phrases also result in changes in liking? Here we tested whether repeated presentation of spoken phrases can lead to changes in liking as well as in musicality, and whether these changes might vary with reward sensitivity. We also asked whether perceptual biases towards low versus high frequencies, as assessed using the Laurel/Yanny illusion, are linked to changes in musicality and liking with repetition. Results show a general reduction in liking for spoken phrases with repetition, but less so for phrases that transition more readily into song. People who upweight low frequencies in speech perception (and so perceive Laurel rather than Yanny) are more susceptible to changes in musicality with phrase repetition and marginally less susceptible to changes in liking. Individuals with musical anhedonia still perceived the speech-to-song illusion, but liked all spoken phrases less; this did not interact with repetition. Results show a dissociation between perception and emotional sensitivity to music, and support a model of frequency-weighted internal predictions for acoustic signals that might drive the speech-to-song illusion. Rather than treating illusions as isolated curiosities, we can use them as a window into theoretical debates surrounding models of perception and emotion
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