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Investigating gaming disorder and individual differences in gaming motives among professional and non-professional gamers: An empirical study
No full textThe present study investigates the relationship between Gaming Disorder (GD) and individual differences in gaming motives and how they might differ between three groups of gamers. The first group stated to be professional gamers (n = 129; 2,49%), the second group consisted of non-professional gamers, who intended to become professional gamers (n = 646; 12,45%), and the third group included the remaining non-professional gamers (n = 4,412; 85,06%). Gaming motives were assessed via the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ), and GD was assessed with the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT). Results revealed that professional gamers and those intending to become professional were very similar regarding their gaming motive expressions. In contrast, non-professional gamers without esports ambitions scored significantly lower on all gaming motives, except for the recreational motive which was comparable across all groups. Several consistent gaming motive-GD associations appeared across the three gamer groups, with the most robust finding being that higher escapism motive expressions relate to greater GDT scores. The present study sheds light on an emerging field of research attempting to better understand competitive gaming in the context of esports
Modeling the contribution of resilience, well-being, and L2 grit to foreign language teaching enjoyment among Iranian English language teachers
Get PDFWith the flourishing of positive psychology (PP) in foreign and second language teaching research, interest has grown in a range of positive psychological variables including the new concept of foreign language teaching enjoyment (FLTE) that mirrors that of learners’ Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE). The present study investigates how positive psychological and personality-based variables like resilience, well-being, and L2 grit shape the FLTE of 450 Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. The participants completed four electronic surveys, and the collected data were analyzed through Mplus. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that EFL teachers’ resilience, well-being, and L2 grit significantly influenced their FLTE. In addition, teacher L2 grit was the strongest predictor of FLTE among Iranian EFL teachers. It thus seems that gritty, resilient, and happy teachers are more likely to enjoy the teaching experience in the classroom. Finally, implications and suggestions for future research are offered
A revolution is brewing in how we understand the shared genetic causes of psychiatric disorders
No full textPreferential looking to eyes versus mouth in early infancy: Heritability and link to concurrent and later development
Get PDFBackground: From birth, infants orient preferentially to faces, and when looking at the face, they attend primarily to eyes and mouth. These areas convey different types of information, and earlier research suggests that genetic factors influence the preference for one or the other in young children. Methods: In a sample of 535 5-month-old infant twins, we assessed eye (relative to mouth) preference in early infancy, i.e., before neural systems for social communication and language are fully developed. We investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the preference for looking at eyes, and the association with concurrent traits and follow-up measures. Results: Eye preference was independent from all other concurrent traits measured, and had a moderate-to-high contribution from genetic influences (A = .57; 95% CI: .45, .66). Preference for eyes at 5 months was associated with higher parent ratings of receptive vocabulary at 14 months. No statistically significant association with later autistic traits was found. Preference for eyes was strikingly stable across different stimulus types (e.g. dynamic versus still), suggesting that infants’ preference at this age does not reflect sensitivity to low-level visual cues. Conclusions: These results suggest that individual differences in infants’ preferential looking to eyes versus mouth to a substantial degree reflect genetic variation. The findings provide new leads on both the perceptual basis and the developmental consequences of these attentional biases
A semisupervised classification algorithm combining noise learning theory and a disagreement cotraining framework
Get PDFIn the era of big data, the data in many business scenarios are characterized by a small number of labelled samples and a large number of unlabelled samples. It is quite difficult to classify and identify such data and provide effective decision support for a business. A commonly employed processing method in this kind of data scenario is the disagreement-based semisupervised learning method, i.e., exchanging high-confidence samples among multiple models as pseudolabel samples to improve each model’s classification performance. As such pseudolabel samples inevitably contain label noise, they may interfere with the subsequent model learning and damage the robustness of the ensemble model. To solve this problem, a semisupervised classification algorithm based on noise learning theory and a disagreement cotraining framework is proposed. In this model, first, the probably approximately correct (PAC) estimation theory under label noise conditions is applied, the relationship between the label noise level and model robust estimation in the process of multiround cotraining is discussed, and a disagreement elimination algorithm framework based on multiple-model (feature argument and select (FANS) algorithm and L1 penalized logistics regression (PLR) algorithm) cotraining is constructed based on this theoretical relationship. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper gives not only a high-confidence sample set that meets the upper bound constraint of the label noise level but also a robust ensemble model capable of resisting sampling bias. The work performed in this paper provides a new research perspective for semisupervised learning theory based on disagreement
Hydrological History of a Palaeolake and Valley System on the Planetary Dichotomy in Arabia Terra, Mars
Get PDFHundreds of ancient palaeolake basins have been identified and cataloged on Mars, indicating the distribution and availability of liquid water as well as sites of astrobiological potential. Palaeolakes are widely distributed across the Noachian aged terrains of the southern highlands, but Arabia Terra hosts few documented palaeolakes and even fewer examples of open-basin palaeolakes. Here we present a detailed topographic and geomorphological study of a previously unknown set of seven open-basin palaeolakes adjacent to the planetary dichotomy in western Arabia Terra. High resolution topographic data were used to aid identification and characterization of palaeolakes within subtle and irregular basins, revealing two palaeolake systems terminating at the dichotomy, including a ∼160 km chain of six palaeolakes connected by short valley segments. Analysis and correlation of multiple, temporally distinct palaeolake fill levels within each palaeolake basin indicate a complex and prolonged hydrological history during the Noachian. Drainage catchments and collapse features place this system in the context of regional hydrology and the history of the planetary dichotomy, showing evidence for both groundwater sources and surface accumulation. Furthermore, the arrangement of large palaeolakes fed by far smaller palaeolakes, indicates a consistent flow of water through the system, buffered by reservoirs, rather than a catastrophic overflow of lakes cascading down through the system
Chiasmic time: being-in-time in Time Being
No full textTime Being: A Film by Ruairí Corr and Deborah Robinson (Exhibition Catalogue). (pp. 15-24)
Returning to clinical work and doctors’ personal, social and organisational needs: a systematic review
Get PDFObjective: This systematic review aims to synthesise existing evidence on doctors’ personal, social and organisational needs when returning to clinical work after an absence.
Design: Systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Data sources: AMED, BNI, CINAHL, EMBASE, EMCARE, HMIC, Medline, PsycINFO and PubMed were searched up to 4 June 2020. Non-database searches included references and citations of identified articles and pages 1–10 of Google and Google Scholar.
Eligibility criteria Included studies presented quantitative or qualitative data collected from doctors returning to work, with findings relating to personal, social or organisational needs.
Data extraction and synthesis Data were extracted using a piloted template. Risk of bias assessment used the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument or Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist. Data were not suitable for meta-analyses and underwent narrative synthesis due to varied study designs and mixed methods.
Results: Twenty-four included studies (14 quantitative, 10 qualitative) presented data from 92 692 doctors in the UK (n=13), US (n=4), Norway (n=3), Japan (n=2), Spain (n=1), Canada (n=1). All studies identified personal needs, categorised as work–life balance, emotional regulation, self-perception and identity, and engagement with return process. Seventeen studies highlighted social needs relating to professional culture, personal and professional relationships, and illness stigma. Organisational needs found in 22 studies were flexibility and job control, work design, Occupational Health services and organisational culture. Emerging resources and recommendations were highlighted. Variable quality and high risk of biases in data collection and analysis suggest cautious interpretation.
Conclusions: This review posits a foundational framework of returning doctors’ needs, requiring further developed through methodologically robust studies that assess the impact of length and reason for absence, before developing and evaluating tailored interventions. Organisations, training programmes and professional bodies should refine support for returning doctors based on evidence
Bidirectional associations between sleep problems and behavioural difficulties and health‐related quality of life in adolescents: evidence from the SCAMP longitudinal cohort study
Get PDFBackground: Sleep problems show associations with negative outcomes in both physical and mental health in adolescents, but the associations may be reciprocal. We aimed to assess bidirectional associations between sleep problems and mental
health symptoms including behavioural difficulties (internalising and externalising difficulties) and low health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).
Methods: A total of 6616 adolescents (52.4% females) across Greater London completed baseline assessments when they were aged 11–12 years, and 3803 of them (57.2% females) completed follow‐up assessments at aged 13–15 years. Weekday and weekend sleep duration were derived from self‐reported bedtime, sleep onset latency and wake time. Sleep disturbance was assessed using a standardized sleep disturbance scale. Internalising and externalising difficulties were assessed using subscales of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. HRQoL was assessed using the KIDSCREEN‐10 questionnaire. Cross‐lagged structural equation
modelling was used with multiple imputation to examine bidirectional associations between sleep problems and mental health symptoms. Results: Females had greater internalising difficulties, worse HRQoL and more sleep disturbance than males. Persistent insufficient weekday and weekend sleep, and sleep disturbance (i.e., at both baseline and follow‐up) were associated with internalising and externalising difficulties and low HRQoL at follow‐up (ORs ranged from 1.53 to 3.63). Persistent externalising difficulties and low HRQoL were also associated with insufficient weekend sleep and sleep disturbance at follow‐up (ORs ranged from 1.68 to 4.25). Using continuous variables, we found bidirectional associations between weekday sleep duration and HRQoL, weekend sleep duration and externalising score, sleep quality and internalising score, and sleep quality and HRQoL. The association magnitudes were mostly similar in the two directions.
Conclusions: Our study showed bidirectional associations between sleep problems and mental health symptoms during adolescence, indicating that early intervention and treatment on the first‐occurring symptom may prevent the development of
subsequent problems
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