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The relationship between Gambling Disorder, stressful life events, gambling-related cognitive distortions, difficulty in emotion regulation, and self-control
Get PDFGambling Disorder (GD) is a prominent psychiatric disorder affecting individuals worldwide. Research suggests that key risk factors for GD include stressful life events (SLEs) and specific psychological factors, such as gambling-related cognitive distortions. The present study investigated the potential mediating role of specific psychological factors (i.e., gambling-related cognitive distortions, difficulty in emotion regulation, and self-control) in the relationship between SLEs and GD. A cross-sectional study using an online survey was developed to investigate the relationship between SLEs and GD in a mediation model. A total of 516 participants were initially recruited online to the present study, and data from 290 participants were fully included in the statistical analyses conducted. Sociodemographic and gambling-related data were collected in addition to data related to participants’ SLEs, GD, gambling-related cognitive distortions, difficulty in emotion regulation, and self-control. The results of the parallel multiple mediation analysis conducted found that gambling-related cognitive distortions and difficulty in emotion regulation mediated the relationship between SLEs events and GD. However, self-control was not found to mediate this relationship. The findings suggest that individuals who experience SLEs may be more vulnerable to the development of GD through their belief in gambling-related cognitive distortions and experience of difficulty regulating their emotions. Implications regarding potential preventive efforts for GD are discussed
The struggle against timelessness: prisoner experiences of time in Nazi concentration camps
No full textThis article explores the ways in which timelessness affected prisoners in Nazi concentration camps and how some prisoners attempted to track time. By depriving prisoners of timekeeping methods, the Schutzstaffel (SS) sought to deprive them of a sense of future and therefore hope. Going against the idea that the SS achieved absolute power, however, is the evidence that some prisoners managed to keep track of time, albeit in unconventional ways. This research looks at the material records of timekeeping from the camps, from graffiti writing to recovered personal possessions, in conjunction with survivor testimony to understand exactly how prisoners were able to track time. The ability to keep time was of material and emotional benefit to many prisoners, allowing them to intercept food parcels, avoid beatings, mentally sustain themselves during difficult hours and days, connect through religion, and plan for the future. By opening a window into how prisoners were able to track time, this research contributes to the literature on daily life in the camps and demonstrates the value of integrated studies of prisoner life, showing how prisoner groups communicated and how their communication affected prisoner hierarchies, power, and survival
Prisons have never been safe for women – removing trans people won’t change that
Get PDFA short opinion piece on the new (2023) transgender prison policy in England and Wale
Similarity and structured representation in human and nonhuman apes
Get PDFHow we judge the similarity between objects in the world is connected ultimately to how we represent those objects.
It has been argued extensively that object representations in humans are ‘structured’ in nature, meaning
that both individual features and the relations between them can influence similarity. In contrast, popular models
within comparative psychology assume that nonhuman species appreciate only surface-level, featural similarities.
By applying psychological models of structural and featural similarity (from conjunctive feature models to
Tversky's contrast model) to visual similarity judgements from adult humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas, we
demonstrate a cross-species sensitivity to complex structural information, particularly for stimuli that combine
colour and shape. These results shed new light on the representational complexity of nonhuman apes, and the
fundamental limits of featural coding in explaining object representation and similarity, which emerge strikingly
across both human and nonhuman species
Gangland and Task Force Gain: an alternative account of Middle Eastern Crime in Sydney, Australia
Get PDFAccording to prominent public commentators in Sydney, Australia, the city’s many diverse Middle Eastern communities possess extraordinary criminal capacity. Middle Eastern Crime – a distinct ‘type’ of crime – is said to have proliferated throughout the last three decades, with Middle Eastern criminals first establishing a foothold in the city during the late 1990s while the police were incapacitated by a high-profile Royal Commission into corruption. Presenting an alternative account, this article traces how Middle Eastern Crime was borne of the police’s heteropatriarchal (re)assertion of their crime-fighting credentials after being rebuked by the Royal Commission, which saw the organisation’s focus fix upon Middle Eastern people in south-western Sydney. The article therefore argues that the signifier Middle Eastern Crime denotes an Orientalist police regime, rather than a ‘type’ of crime. In doing so, it demonstrates the conceptual value of considering how police practices, and not just elite discourses, bring race into being
Work fatigue during COVID-19 lockdown teleworking: The role of psychosocial, environmental, and social working conditions
Get PDFBackground: During national lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, previously office-based workers who transitioned to home-based teleworking faced additional demands (e.g., childcare, inadequate homeworking spaces) likely resulting in poor work privacy fit. Previous office research suggests poor work privacy fit is associated with lower wellbeing and higher work fatigue. Emerging evidence suggests a relationship between childcare duties during pandemic teleworking and work fatigue. In addition to psychosocial working conditions (job demand, job control, and job change management), which are acknowledged predictors of work fatigue, this poses a significant threat to occupational health during pandemic teleworking. However, the relative effects of aspects of the psychosocial environment (job demands and resources), the home office environment (including privacy fit), and the social environment (childcare) on work fatigue as well as their interactions are under-explored.
Objective: This study examined the relationships between the psychosocial, environmental, and social working conditions of teleworking during the first COVID-19 lockdown and work fatigue. Specifically, the study examined teleworkers’ physical work environment (e.g., if and how home office space is shared, crowding, and noise perceptions) as predictors of privacy fit and the relationship between privacy fit, childcare, psychosocial working conditions (job demand, job control, and job change management), and work fatigue. Work privacy fit was hypothesized to mediate the relationship between childcare and work fatigue.
Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with teleworkers (n = 300) during the first COVID-19 lockdown in April and May 2020; most participants were in Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
Results: Path analysis was used to examine the hypothesized relationships. Privacy fit was lower for those reporting greater levels of noise in home-working spaces and those feeling crowded at home. Work fatigue was lower amongst those with greater privacy fit and higher amongst those with high levels of job demand. An indirect relationship was observed between childcare and work fatigue with privacy fit mediating this relationship.
Conclusion: The influence of privacy fit has so far been largely neglected in research on teleworking, especially during the pandemic. However, its contribution to workers’ wellbeing should be acknowledged in occupational health strategies
Assessing executive functions in free roaming 2-to 3-year-olds
Get PDFCore aspects of executive functions (EFs) are known to be related to academic skills such as literacy and numeracy. However, school outcomes may also be related to higher-level executive functions such as planning. Yet little work has looked at assessing natural manifestations of higher-level EFs in children who are on the cusp of entering formal schooling. One reason for this is the difficulty of obtaining ecologically valid measures of EFs that are suitable for use in children from 2 years of age. In the current study, we suggest that a naturally occurring play behaviour can be used to assess higher-level EFs in nursery-aged children. We describe a novel task – building a striped Duplo tower subject to two constraints – designed to assess planning in a real-world multi-action situation. Performance on this task was found to vary with age. Importantly, distinct components of multiple constraint planning performance predicted laboratory-based measures of inhibitory control and working memory efficacy. Thus, this task provides a simple, cheap and effective way of assessing executive function in very young children through the observation of natural behaviours. It also opens up possibilities to investigate the neurodevelopment of EF in the real-world
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