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Short-term perceptual reweighting in suprasegmental categorization
Get PDFSegmental speech units such as phonemes are described as multidimensional categories whose perception involves contributions from multiple acoustic input dimensions, and the relative perceptual weights of these dimensions respond dynamically to context. For example, when speech is altered to create an “accent” in which two acoustic dimensions are correlated in a manner opposite that of long-term experience, the dimension that carries less perceptual weight is down-weighted to contribute less in category decisions. It remains unclear, however, whether this short-term reweighting extends to perception of suprasegmental features that span multiple phonemes, syllables, or words, in part because it has remained debatable whether suprasegmental features are perceived categorically. Here, we investigated the relative contribution of two acoustic dimensions to word emphasis. Participants categorized instances of a two-word phrase pronounced with typical covariation of fundamental frequency (F0) and duration, and in the context of an artificial “accent” in which F0 and duration (established in prior research on English speech as “primary” and “secondary” dimensions, respectively) covaried atypically. When categorizing “accented” speech, listeners rapidly down-weighted the secondary dimension (duration). This result indicates that listeners continually track short-term regularities across speech input and dynamically adjust the weight of acoustic evidence for suprasegmental decisions. Thus, dimension-based statistical learning appears to be a widespread phenomenon in speech perception extending to both segmental and suprasegmental categorization
Renuncia a la Ciudadanía e Imaginación Postnacional en la Obra Exílica de Josep Solanes
Get PDFEste artículo recupera la desconocida figura del psiquiatra exiliado republicano Josep Solanes para demostrar la relevancia y el potencial crítico de su pensamiento. Se destaca cómo sus escritos exílicos reflexionan sobre la experiencia del afuera y su reivindicación como forma de ser en el mundo produciendo, por contrapartida, una crítica a la nación como unidad espacial paradigmática de la historia moderna, y al ciudadano como su sujeto privilegiado. Se argumenta que encontramos en Solanes problemáticas teóricas en torno al humanismo, el estado, la comunidad, la ecología y el sujeto, centrales a la filosofía política contemporánea que merecen ponerse en valor
Emotion is perceived accurately from isolated body parts, especially hands
Get PDFBody posture and configuration provide important visual cues about the emotion states of other people. We know that bodily form is processed holistically, however, emotion recognition may depend on different mechanisms; certain body parts, such as the hands, may be especially important for perceiving emotion. This study therefore compared participants’ emotion recognition performance when shown images of full bodies, or of isolated hands, arms, heads and torsos. Across three experiments, emotion recognition accuracy was above chance for all body parts. While emotions were recognized most accurately from full bodies, recognition performance from the hands was more accurate than for other body parts. Representational similarity analysis further showed that the pattern of errors for the hands was related to that for full bodies. Performance was reduced when stimuli were inverted, showing a clear body inversion effect. The high performance for hands was not due only to the fact that there are two hands, as performance remained well above chance even when just one hand was shown. These results demonstrate that emotions can be decoded from body parts. Furthermore, certain features, such as the hands, are more important to emotion perception than others
Women religious, charitable ministries and the welfare state
Get PDFAs part of the renewal process coming out of the Second Vatican Council, women religious questioned and rethought their religious ministries. What were once ventures that had at their essence caritas and evangelisation were now embedded in the welfare state apparatus. In examining the shift in women’s ministries, this chapter scrutinizing the letting go of institutional religious ventures, particular those relating to education and medical care by exploring how existing ministries were reshaped and new ones were established. These shifts were often a move from Catholic-centred, identity-laden, instrumental ‘fortress-church’ ministries to forms of service that acknowledged and engaged with those marginalised by society. The move was a significant one, one that allowed them to leave structured ministries with regulated state oversight, to the flexibility of services that offered aid to those marginalised by society. Their concerns became broader than charity, social justice also addressed the need for systemic change and remediation, moving away from the more paternalistic and preventative characteristics of charit
Bonding, structure and use of metals
Get PDFThis work briefly describes some of the different features of groups ofmetals. It highlights recent progress in research into metals. It details thestructures and defects in solid metals. The common theories of metalsincluding the free electron theory, band theory, the ions in a sea ofelectrons model and the soft sphere model are discussed and their meritsare considered. It describes distinctions between the bonding in metalsand inter-metallic compounds. It shows the influence of bonding on theproperties of metals and alloys and provides a summary of tradition andnewer uses of metals
“We Are Moving with Technology”: photographing voice and belonging in Nigeria
Get PDFPhotography intrinsic to life in Nigeria since its earliest inception continues in popularity despite the ubiquity of the smartphone. The claim “we are moving with technology” amidst precarity, conflict and instability serves as a point of deep reflection posing alternative sightlines into the lives of Nigeria's citizens. Ethnographic fieldwork in South West Nigeria traces diverse image-events ranging from the intimacy of family albums, public archives, and social media to the street and urban fabric dominated by the portraiture of competing political parties. In this milieu, demotic photographing anchors circuits of visibility and belonging. The enduring relevance of indigenous cosmologies nurtured by elder studio photographers comes to the fore within competing modernities. Women and youth challenge impaired citizenship in their ongoing struggles for voice. World systems photography offers a conceptual frame through which marginalized demotic photographing practices are recentered to potentially anchor a citizenry of photography
Impossible Chess, Close Reading, and Inattention as Disability in Percival Everett’s Telephone
Get PDFPercival Everett’s Telephone (2021) is a novel published, by deliberate design, in three very different versions. Ostensibly, the author has claimed in interview, this choice was to test the boundaries of authorial authority and to delegate interpretative control to the reader. In this article, I argue that such a stance is disingenuous. Telephone is, instead, a novel that continually withholds information from the reader and that ultimately frustrates close reading techniques. In doing so, the text casts the reader into the mental viewpoint of the terminally ill child in the novel, Sarah, who suffers from the progressive neurological condition Batten disease. The outcome is that Telephone should be read as a novel that pathologizes readerly inattention but that, as a result, passes innovative comment on disability narratives in fiction more broadly
Prediction, history, and political science
Get PDFPolitical science usually requires either prediction or contextual historical work to succeed. Because of the difficulty of prediction, the main focus should often be contextual historical work. Both of these methods favor narrow-scope explanations. I illustrate, via an example, the role that this still leaves for theory. I conclude by assessing the scope for political science to offer policy advice. All of this tells against several practices that are widespread in the discipline
Processing of social and monetary rewards in autism spectrum disorder
Get PDFBackground: Reward processing has been proposed to underpin the atypical social feature of autism
spectrum disorder (ASD). However, previous neuroimaging studies have yielded inconsistent results
regarding the specificity of atypicalities for social reward processing in ASD.
Aims: Utilizing a large sample, we aimed to assess reward processing in response to reward type
(social, monetary) and reward phase (anticipation, delivery) in ASD.
Method: Functional magnetic resonance imaging during social and monetary reward anticipation and
delivery was performed in 212 individuals with ASD (7.6-30.5 years) and 181 typically developing (TD)
participants (7.6-30.8 years).
Results: Across social and monetary reward anticipation, whole-brain analyses showed hypoactivation
of the right ventral striatum (VS) in ASD compared to TD. Further, region of interest (ROI) analysis
across both reward types yielded ASD-related hypoactivation in both the left and right VS. Across
delivery of social and monetary reward, hyperactivation of the VS in individuals with ASD did not
survive correction for multiple comparisons. Dimensional analyses of autism and attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) scores were not significant. In categorical analyses, post-hoc
comparisons showed that ASD-effects were most pronounced in participants with ASD without cooccurring ADHD
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