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Educating Shrews
Get PDFThis essay investigates what more we can learn about The Taming of the Shrew by understanding the textual context of educational writing as embracing both shrew stories and writing on education. It argues that situating the text in relation to these two contexts illuminates the way the marriage plot in the play is resolved. The findings also suggest the shrew’s particular place in seventeenth century discourse on marriage is used by the play to dramatize the tension between companionate and obedient marriage played out again and again in seventeenth century comedy and tragedy. The play’s conclusion is considered in terms of its resolution of this tension versus that found in other plays
A holistic and proactive approach to forecasting cyber threats
Get PDFTraditionally, cyber-attack detection relies on reactive, assistive techniques, where pattern-matching algorithms help human experts to scan system logs and network traffic for known virus or malware signatures. Recent research has introduced effective Machine Learning (ML) models for cyber-attack detection, promising to automate the task of detecting, tracking and blocking malware and intruders. Much less effort has been devoted to cyber-attack prediction, especially beyond the short-term time scale of hours and days. Approaches that can forecast attacks likely to happen in the longer term are desirable, as this gives defenders more time to develop and share defensive actions and tools. Today, long-term predictions of attack waves are mostly based on the subjective perceptiveness of experienced human experts, which can be impaired by the scarcity of cyber-security expertise. This paper introduces a novel ML-based approach that leverages unstructured big data and logs to forecast the trend of cyber-attacks at a large scale, years in advance. To this end, we put forward a framework that utilises a monthly dataset of major cyber incidents in 36 countries over the past 11 years, with new features extracted from three major categories of big data sources, namely the scientific research literature, news, blogs, and tweets. Our framework not only identifies future attack trends in an automated fashion, but also generates a threat cycle that drills down into five key phases that constitute the life cycle of all 42 known cyber threats
Falsificaciones: creación y disrupción en los Archivos de Adopciones Transnacionales de Guatemala a Europa
Get PDFEl artículo se basa en nuestros respectivos trabajos con los expedientes de adopción transnacional que ordenaron el movimiento de niños de Guatemala hacia Europa en la última parte del siglo XX y hasta 2007, a fin de considerar las estrategias que permitieron detectar y descifrar las irregularidades que sustentaron esos flujos de adopción transnacional. Intersectamos enfoques para descifrar los archivos extraídos de la investigación antropológica realizada en Guatemala y en Europa en el contexto del trabajo para apoyar la búsqueda individual y colectiva de orígenes de los adoptados. Proporcionamos una visión general del contexto histórico y político, y los acuerdos legales que subyacen al surgimiento de los flujos de adopción transnacional desde Guatemala en el período 1977-2007. Consideramos cómo los archivos de adopción operan como puntos de entrada en las búsquedas de orígenes y comprensiones del proceso de adopción. Los archivos de adopción simultáneamente revelan y ocultan historias personales y prácticas burocráticas. Evidencian prácticas arraigadas, variadas y a veces caóticas de falsificación, omisión y creación. La anomalía y la incongruencia en los expedientes emergen como dispositivos estructurantes que ponen en primer plano las operaciones de los circuitos de la adopción transnacional y la falsificación como método. Para quienes buscan el esclarecimiento histórico, descifrar falsificaciones e irregularidades implica crear nuevos registros de legibilidad de los documentos de adopción, el proceso de adopción y las relaciones generadas a través de sus búsquedas
Branching processes reveal influential nodes in social networks
Get PDFBranching processes are discrete-time stochastic processes which have been largely employed to model and simulate information diffusion processes over large online social networks such as Twitter and Reddit.
Here we show that a variant of the branching process model enables
the prediction of the popularity of user-generated content and thus can serve as a method for ranking search results or suggestions displayed to users.
The proposed branching-process variant is able to evaluate the importance of an agent in a social network and, thus we propose a novel centrality index, called the Stochastic Potential Gain (SPG).
The SPG is the first centrality index which combines the knowledge of the network topology with a dynamic process taking place on it which we call a graph-driven branching process.
SPG generalises a range of popular network centrality metrics such as Katz’ and Subgraph.
We formulate a Monte Carlo algorithm (called MCPG) to compute the SPG and prove that it is convergent and correct.
Experiments on two real datasets drawn from Facebook and GitHub demonstrate that MCPG traverses only a small fraction of nodes to produce its result, thus making the Stochastic Potential Gain an appealing option to compute node centrality measure for Online social networks
Modeling a most specific generalization in domain taxonomies
No full textWe define a most specific generalization of a fuzzy set of topics assigned
to leaves of the rooted tree of a domain taxonomy. This generalization lifts the set to
its “head subject” node in the higher ranks of the taxonomy tree. The head subject
is supposed to “tightly” cover the query set, possibly involving some errors referred
to as “gaps” and “offshoots”. We develop a method to globally maximize either the
parsimony or the likelihood of a scenario involving gains and losses of the general
concept manifested in a fuzzy cluster of leaf nodes of the taxonomy. Supplemented
with fuzzy c-means clustering, this allows us to obtain meaningful generalizations
for fuzzy thematic clusters of Data Science topics using several dozen thousand
abstracts from issues of relevant research journals published from 2000 on
Special issue: sustainable food supply chain research
Get PDFThe persistent advocacy for a sustainable food supply chain is to enable stakeholders to configure, promote, and maintain food supply systems that deliver value in terms of profit and the well-being of people and the planet. Despite efforts to ensure more
efficient food production and distribution globally, achieving sustainable food supply chains remains a critical global challenge. The extant scholarship on sustainable food supply chains has evolved in different directions as a response to different food industry dynamics, environmental variability, and incidences that manifest as extreme climatic changes and natural hazards in various geographical areas. The multidimensional nature of
the field has proven to be a complex terrain for research. Therefore, research in sustainable food supply chains has received attention from a multidimensional scholarship. In the sustainable supply chain literature, studies provided indicators, drivers, and barriers based on the stakeholder theory towards the attainment of a sustainable food supply chain, whereas others highlighted the persistent social and environmental challenges and the essence of stakeholder collaboration to develop a sustainable food supply chain. Other strands of sustainable food supply chain research employed the resource-based view, systems theory for modelling sustainable food systems, actor-network theory, co-creation and collaboration on platforms for collaboration and co-creation, justice and fairness theory for food retailer–supplier relationships, and attitude–behaviour gap on sustainable food consumption.
This Special Issue “Sustainable Food Supply Chain Research” in Sustainability, therefore, received interesting articles with multidimensional theoretical perspectives such as logistics services quality, governance and power relationships, food quality, production and environmental challenges of the food supply chain, actor-network theory, co-creation, and collaboration on platforms for collaboration and co-creation, digitisation of sustainable
food supply chains, and systems theory for modelling sustainable food systems
Over-policed and under-protected: why does nothing change?
Get PDFTwenty-four years separates them, but both the Macpherson report and the Casey report identified ‘poor service provision’ as at the heart of institutional racism in policing. Writing from an abolitionist perspective, we argue that getting to grips with contemporary police racism demands a more expansive approach
Anti-deforestation npr-PPMs and carbon border measures: thinking about the chapeau of article XX GATT in times of climate crisis
Get PDFThis article enquires into the extent to which the elusive Chapeau of Article XX GATT may constrain the ability of regulating Members to tackle environmental externalities via unilateral regulatory action. It employs an analysis of recent EU regulatory measures to assess the rationale of different ‘indicators’ of compliance with the Chapeau and unpack their implications. The article illustrates that a good faith-centred interpretation of the Chapeau criteria helps identify aspects in the practical application of a measure that may afford protection to domestic products or result in country-based discrimination. It also preserves the margins of action of regulating Members and can improve the regulatory design and environmental effectiveness of unilateral measures. An expansive interpretation of ‘situational’ discrimination and ‘coercion’, by contrast, captures significant distortions of competitive opportunities between ‘like’ products, broadening market access and stretching the Chapeau beyond a good faith-centred focus. Further, this interpretative approach can indirectly impact the regulatory design of the measures and undermine their environmental effectiveness. Against this backdrop, the article argues that the dispute settlement organs should carefully delimit the scope of the Chapeau conditions and adhere to a good faith-centred interpretative approach
Shanidar et ses fleurs? Reflections on the palynology of the Neanderthal ‘Flower Burial’ hypothesis
Get PDFPollen clumps associated with the skeleton of the Shanidar 4 Neanderthal were interpreted by the excavator as evidence for a purposeful burial with flowers. This was one of several findings from Shanidar Cave that helped to shape modern perceptions of Neanderthals as sharing empathic characteristics with archaic Homo sapiens (modern humans). Here the available evidence is reviewed critically from a palynological viewpoint. It seems likely that at least some of the pollen clumps were emplaced by nesting solitary bees, though other mechanisms may also have been involved. Shanidar 4 remains of notable importance, however, in being part of a tight cluster of remarkably complete and deliberately emplaced Neanderthal skeletal remains
The untold story of the first Italian-Turinese female lawyer: reviewing Netflix’s The Law According to Lidia Poet
Get PDFThe Netflix nineteenth-century period drama The Law According to Lidia Poet presents the adventures of a young Italian law graduate in her pursuit of solving murder cases. Lidia Poet is not a fictional character, but very little is known about her journey to become a lawyer- and the series only adds a little to this knowledge. This review has several aims. First, it will reconsider the implications of reel history. Second, it will add some context to Netflix’s introduction of Lidia Poet and compare her experiences accessing the legal profession with her English colleagues, such as Bertha Cave and Gwyneth Bebb. Attention will be paid to the courts’ rejections of their appeals
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