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Learner emotions, autonomy and trait emotional intelligence in ‘in-person’ versus emergency remote English foreign language teaching in Europe
Get PDFDue to the spread of Covid-19, universities had to move their courses online abruptly. This paper explores its impact on 510 European tertiary-level English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ classroom emotions and analyses possible links to their trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and learner autonomy. Statistical analyses of data gathered with a web survey revealed that students rated their ‘in-person’ classes as significantly more enjoyable and also more anxiety-provoking. Overall, levels of foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) were positively correlated between both contexts. The moderate negative correlation between FLE and FLCA in ‘in-person’ classes disappeared in emergency remotely taught classes. TEI and learner autonomy were positively correlated, and both were positively linked to FLE and negatively to FLCA in both contexts. This means that more autonomous, emotionally intelligent students tend to be able to enjoy the FL class more – even more so under particularly challenging circumstances. Overall, it seems that learners not being physically present in classrooms weakens all emotions, and breaks the relationship between them. One possible explanation is that disembodied classes have less emotional resonance
Class in movement, forming and unforming
Get PDFOn the basis of observations on Marx’s concept of class as a
fluid and self-undoing formation, this essay considers the ways in which
solidifications of class as an identity have failed to grasp the extent to
which class is always in movement, both across time and within each
moment of its existence. The implications of this stance are followed
through in relation to contemporary fantasies of AI enabled deployment
into production without limit , which argues that class is redployed as
a digital quality – but one that will not ever gain critical consciousness
– or, alternatively, is, as amounts to the same thing, transcended. What
is left behind and out in the vision? How might those made redundant,
but still the source of wealth, in combination with nature, not stop, on
account of this technical shift, being a class that is directed towards
forming and deforming itself as class, even if it makes less – but does
not become less subject to extraction – in pursuit of which it is directed
to consume more?
Keywords: Movement, ferment, consciousness, critique, schoolin
Infant sleep predicts trajectories of social attention and later autism traits
Get PDFBackground: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often experience sleep disturbances, but little is known about when these sleep differences emerge and how they relate to later development. Methods: We used a prospective longitudinal design in infants with a family history of ASD and/or ADHD to examine infant sleep and its relation to trajectories of attention and later neurodevelopmental disorders. We formed factors of Day and Night Sleep from parent-reported measures (including day/night sleep duration, number of naps in the day, frequency of night awakenings and sleep onset problems). We examined sleep in 164 infants at 5-, 10- and 14-months with/without a first-degree relative with ASD and/or ADHD who underwent a consensus clinical assessment for ASD at age 3. Results: By 14-months, infants with a first-degree relative with ASD (but not ADHD) showed lower Night Sleep scores than infants with no family history of ASD; lower Night Sleep scores in infancy were also associated with a later ASD diagnosis, decreased cognitive ability, increased ASD symptomatology at 3-years, and developing social attention (e.g., looking to faces). We found no such effects with Day Sleep. Conclusions: Sleep disturbances may be apparent at night from 14-months in infants with a family history of ASD and also those with later ASD, but were not associated with a family history of ADHD. Infant sleep disturbances were also linked to later dimensional variation in cognitive and social skills across the cohort. Night Sleep and Social Attention were interrelated over the first two years of life, suggesting that this may be one mechanism through which sleep quality influences neurodevelopment. Interventions targeted towards supporting families with their infant’s sleep problems may be useful in this population
White Flight from Immigration?: Attitudes to diversity and white residential choice
Get PDFWork on white avoidance in the segregation literature finds that whites tend to move to less diverse neighbourhoods than minorities while whites who dislike diversity prefer less diverse neighbourhoods. Yet no analysis combines subjective data on ethnocentrism with analysis of migration behaviour. This paper bridges this gap with large-scale longitudinal data on White British movers, using Brexit support, voting and partisanship as proxies for beliefs about diversity. Results show that White British respondents move to less diverse neighbourhoods than minorities, even with controls for socioeconomic factors. Yet this appears only tangentially related to whites’ opposition to diversity. Pro- and anti-immigration whites choose whiter areas to move to than minorities, but do so at similar rates. We see something similar in geotagged American longitudinal Twitter data and in retrospective American mobility survey data. Overall, opposition to diversity accounts for little of the variation in why whites move toward less diverse neighbourhoods
Introduction
No full textThe concept of ‘surplus population’ explains how child welfare functions in the context of racial capitalism to cultivate and develop the productive capacities of children to ensure the development of a productive adult. Productive here simply means activity that adds value to privately owned capital. It does not mean: active, alive, creative, generative, dynamic, social, etc. Surplus population is that part of the population that is permanently surplus to the needs of capital and outside of the logic of productivity for capital. It does not, of course, mean that people are surplus for one another or that they are outside of community and family or that their lives are intrinsically useless or lack value. Surplus population is a concept specifically tied to how capitalism values life. This chapter argues that when the imagined future of the child falls outside of the scope of a productive future and locates the child now and in the future as part of a surplus population, juvenile justice and other mechanisms of abandoning and containing children and exposing them to premature death are mobilized.
Book synopsis: The Bloomsbury Handbook of Theories in Childhood Studies showcases the cutting-edge theoretical work that has been produced within the field of childhood studies. It speaks to both scholars and students in the field by addressing basic questions such as what childhood is, how childhoods are diversely constructed and how children's experiences can be better understood. The volume draws together a wide range of theoretical perspectives from the social sciences, humanities, politics, postcolonialism, feminism, critical race studies, queer theory, disabilities studies to generate a much-needed conversation about how to move childhood studies forward as a grounded field of research. The volume is subdivided into three broad sections - subjectivities, relationalities, and structures - each of which contains around ten chapters from a diversity of disciplines and author identities. The chapters are written by experts from Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Finland, India, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA
Deeper in the pyramid: journeys of lactic abstraction
No full textBook synopsis: In the context of INLAND’s Academy at documenta fifteen, Microbiopolitics of Milk presents the grounding basis for a research project around Milk as a bio-cultural substance, through its implications in the regimes of contemporary biopolitics, economics and representation
Editorial: Sustainable defence and security systems
No full textIn an increasingly interconnected world, the sophistication of cyber-attacks is on the rise. Cybersecurity research stands as a pivotal factor in shaping the prosperity of nations. To counter threats to network infrastructure and sensitive data, a multitude of security solutions with varying degrees of efficacy have been proposed. However, these solutions have thus far insufficiently accounted for a critical dimension: sustainability. In this context, sustainability entails the continuous support of processes over time by enhancing the computational requisites, scalability, energy efficiency, and resource utilization of defence and security systems. This special issue endeavors to explore recent strides in model development, innovative methodologies, and insightful observations aimed at enhancing cybersecurity, with a particular emphasis on the sustainability of defence and security systems
Risk taking for potential losses but not gains increases with time of day
Get PDFHumans exhibit distinct risk preferences when facing choices involving potential gains and losses. These preferences are believed to be subject to neuromodulatory influence, particularly from dopamine and serotonin. As neuromodulators manifest circadian rhythms, this suggests decision making under risk might be affected by time of day. Here, in a large subject sample collected using a smartphone application, we found that risky options with potential losses were increasingly chosen over the course of the day. We observed this result in both a within-subjects design (N = 2599) comparing risky options chosen earlier and later in the day in the same individuals, and in a between-subjects design (N = 26,720) showing our effect generalizes across ages and genders. Using computational modelling, we show this diurnal change in risk preference reflects a decrease in sensitivity to increasing losses, but no change was observed in the relative impacts of gains and losses on choice (i.e., loss aversion). Thus, our findings reveal a striking diurnal modulation in human decision making, a pattern with potential importance for real-life decisions that include voting, medical decisions, and financial investments
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