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A Request for Comment: Automatic Digital Preservation and Self-Healing DOIs
No full textDigital preservation is crucial to the “persistence” of persistent identifiers. Without a reliable archival solution, if a Crossref member ceases operations or there is a technical disaster, the identifier will no longer resolve. This is why the Crossref member terms insist that publishers make best efforts to ensure deposit in a reputable archive service. This means that, if there is a system failure, the DOI will continue to resolve and the content will remain accessible. This is how we protect the integrity of the scholarly record
My 2023 year in review
No full text2023 continued to pose the all-important question: just how many health disasters can I endure? This year, I started haemodialysis as my kidneys entered the extremely worryingly named “end-stage renal failure”. This turns out to be a very long-term prospect, as I can’t have a transplant owing both to BK viremia (which caused the kidney damage in the first place) and a conflict with the immunosuppression that treats my rheumatoid arthritis. Without the latter under control, life is, quite seriously, unbearable. But enough of that grimness. I also got quite a lot done this year
Foreword: the learner emotions that oil the cogs in TBLT
No full textBook synopsis: This comprehensive, forward-looking text is the first holistic research overview and practical methods guide for researching the role that affective and conative factors play in second language learners’ task performance and language acquisition. It provides a long overdue update on the role of the learner in task-based language teaching (TBLT).
The book brings together theoretical background and major constructs, established and innovative methodological and technological tools, cutting-edge findings, and illuminating suggestions for future work. A group of expert scholars from around the world synthesize the state of the art, detail how to design and conduct empirical studies, and authoritatively set the agenda for future work in this critical, emerging area of language learning and instructional design.
With a variety of helpful features like suggested research, discussion questions, and recommended further readings, this will be an invaluable resource to advanced students and researchers of second language acquisition, applied linguistics, psychology, education, and related areas
The shadows of waiting and care: on discourses of waiting in the history of the British National Health Service
Get PDFWaiting is at the centre of experiences and practices of healthcare. However, we know very little about the relationship between the subjective experiences of patients who wait in and for care, health practitioners who ‘prescribe’ and manage waiting, and how this relates to broader cultural meanings of waiting. Waiting features heavily in the sociological, managerial, historical and health economics literatures that investigate UK healthcare, but the focus has been on service provision and quality, with waiting (including waiting lists and waiting times) drawn on as a key marker to test the efficiency and affordability of the NHS. In this article, we consider the historical contours of this framing of waiting, and ask what has been lost or occluded through its development. To do so, we review the available discourses in the existing literature on the NHS through a series of ‘snapshots’ or key moments in its history. Through its negative imprint, we argue that what shadows these discourses is the idea of waiting and care as phenomenological temporal experiences, and time as a practice of care. In response, we begin to trace the intellectual and historical resources available for alternative histories of waiting – materials that might enable scholars to reconstruct some of the complex temporalities of care marginalized in existing accounts of waiting, and which could help reframe both future historical accounts and contemporary debates about waiting in the NHS
Insects as palaeoenvironmental and archaeological indicators
No full textInsects are an incredibly diverse class of animals, with probably over one million species described and estimates of total species richness ranging between 3 and 80 million. This chapter summarizes the most common applications of insects as palaeoenvironmental and archaeological indicators. Many wetlands form sedimentary environments where organic-rich material accumulates with time, thus forming natural archives. Insect remains can be preserved in these sediments and can be used to provide information on environmental conditions in which human activity took place. The most suitable method to retrieve sediments for study differs based on the nature of the sediment, the accessibility, the age and compaction of the sediment, and so on. One of the main goals of analysing subfossil insect assemblages is to reconstruct past environmental conditions, which can be achieved through a number of different approache
Measuring the Autonomic Nervous System as a window into the mind and brain
Get PDFThroughout the history of psychophysiology, measures of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) have contributed to understanding psychological states and cognitive processing. Due to recent advances in brain imaging techniques, brain mapping of cognitive functions has been clarified. However, ANS measurements still have advantages in psychological research. In this paper, characteristics of ANS measurements are briefly summarized and results in psychophysiological studies are introduced. This paper describes methodologies for heart rate, skin conductance, pupil diameter, and eye blinks, which have been used in many psychophysiological studies. These measurements have been known to reflect activities in the ANS, however, each measure has a different sensitivity and validity to psychological states and cognitive processes. In general, the ANS measurements have advantages in the simplicity of data collection, which contributes to testing with a variety of participants regardless of age, tasks, and accessibility for students and early career researchers. However, interpreting the results of psychophysiological studies in line with cognitive processing, experimental designs, and paradigms requires extensive consideration. By using appropriate ANS measures in psychophysiological experiments, these methods contribute to our understanding of the mind and brain
Executive function profiles of preschool children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: a systematic review
Get PDFBackground: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are both associated with differences in Executive Functioning (EF). There is lack of clarity around the specificity or overlap of EF differences in early childhood when both disorders are first emerging.
Method: This systematic review aims to delineate preschool EF profiles by examining studies comparing the EF profiles of children with and without ASD or ADHD. Five electronic databases were systematically searched (last search in May 2022) to identify published, quantitative studies of global and specific EF (Inhibition, Shifting, Working Memory, Planning and Attentional Control), comparing children aged 2-6 with a diagnosis of ASD or ADHD to peers without ASD or ADHD.
Results: Thirty-one empirical studies (10 ADHD and 21 ASD studies) met criteria for inclusion. EF profiles in preschool ASD were characterised by consistent Shifting, and, in most cases, Inhibition impairments. ADHD studies consistently reported impairments in Inhibition and Planning, and in most cases Working Memory. Findings with regards to sustained Attention and Shifting in ADHD and Working Memory and Planning in ASD were mixed.
Conclusions: Overall, current evidence indicates overlap but also some specificity in EF impairments in preschool ASD and ADHD. There were differences in the degree to which individual domains were impaired, with Shifting more consistently impaired in ASD, and Inhibition, Working Memory and Planning in ADHD. Methodological issues and differences in methods of outcome measurement could potentially underlie mixed findings, as informant-based measures revealed more robust EF impairments than laboratory-based tasks
Towards a framework for the promotion of business management graduate employability: an extended CareerEDGE model
Get PDFThis paper builds on the dominant employability model by Dacre Pool and Sewell - CareerEDGE model by developing an extended CareerEDGE model for embedding, evaluating and monitoring
employability skills relevant to undergraduate students. Drawing on the current literature on employability, the ‘Extended CareerEDGE Model’ is developed by formulating a measurement
framework. Elements of the extended model and framework are discussed and their inclusion is justified on the basis of existing research. The model extends the CareerEDGE model by facilitating
the inclusion of entrepreneurship knowledge and skills as student entrepreneurial orientation to engender the requisite entrepreneurial mindset to address the need for intrapreneurial and entrepreneurial skills required to operate in the business environment. The study validates the Extended CareerEDGE Model of graduate employability with responses from 947 students engaged in a core employability-embedded business school undergraduate programme. The study confirms a positive relationship between student entrepreneurial orientation with employability reflection and evaluation. Also, the results confirm a positive relationship between Students’ Achievement
Orientation with Career Development Learning. A similar positive relationship was established between Students’ Achievement Orientation and Degree Subject Knowledge as well as the
acquisition of Generic Skills. Additionally, student Learning Orientation positively influences Career Development Learning, Degree Subject Knowledge and Generic Skills acquisition. The extended CareerEDGE model succinctly informs the planning of programmes and structured interventions on employability essentials for students, administrators and academics
Stadium attendance demand in the men’s UEFA Champions League: do fans value sporting contest or match quality?
Get PDFThis paper is the first to empirically analyse the determinants of stadium attendance demand in the men’s UEFA Champions League, the most prestigious competition in club football. The analysis covers 1,234 matches from 2009/10 to 2018/19 across 32 nations. The results show that outcome uncertainty and competitive intensity are not significantly associated with higher attendances, but the level of team quality is, for all fans, and the presence of star players is, for fans of clubs outside the top five European leagues. The empirical analysis - based on Tobit model regressions - enables an evidence-informed discussion of the competition structure of the UCL and the highly charged debate surrounding a potential European Super League. The article also offers insights for the wider body of academic knowledge on stadium attendance demand, by adding rare analysis of an international cup competition and an improved understanding of the connection between star players and fan interest in European football
Knowing Palmyra: mandatory production of archaeological knowledge
Get PDFDuring the Syrian conflict, ongoing since 2011, Palmyra became notorious for the destruction and looting of its Roman-period remains, giving rise to many narratives of what Palmyra’s future should bring, often without attention to how we have come to know its past. This article explores that past through a key period—the French Mandate—when European archaeologists categorically reshaped the site, culminating in the relocation of the site’s population from mudbrick houses in and around the Temple of Bel to a new, military-built town north of the original. We examine the site immediately prior to that transformation through contemporary archaeological diaries from 1924 to 1928, written by Danish archaeologist Harald Ingholt. Through his diaries, it is possible to reconstruct the complexity of knowledge production at the site, which disrupts the authorized discourses of archaeological discovery with important consequences for how we understand the contribution of local inhabitants to scientific knowledge
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