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A decidable temporal DL-Lite logic with undecidable first-order and datalog-rewritability of ontology-mediated atomic queries
Get PDFWe design a logic in the temporal DL-Lite family (with non-Horn role inclusions and restricted temporalised roles), for which answering ontology-mediated atomic queries (OMAQs) can be done in ExpSpace
and even in PSpace for ontologies without existential quantification in the rule heads but determining FO-rewritability or (linear) Datalog-rewritability of OMAQs is undecidable. On the other hand, we
show (by reduction to monadic disjunctive Datalog) that deciding FO-rewritability of OMAQs in the non-temporal fragment of our logic can be done in 3NExpTime
The rise and fall of Imperial Chemical Industries: synthetics, sensism and the environment
No full textThis book provides a history of Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), a large Britain- based chemical firm which was a major industrial player in the twentieth century. Once a model for Britain’s industrial reach and dominance, ICI collapsed in the mid-2000s, with some still profitable elements sold off to other chemical firms. The book focuses on the firm’s origin site in the Northeast of England, around Middlesbrough, engaging the remnants of the company magazine, oral histories and social media posts, and material artifacts in the world, to relate a history of the social, environmental, cultural and imaginative and bodily impact of the presence (and then absence) of ICI. This unique work is open to coincidence and speculation, drawing on science fictional and urban myth narratives which emanate from the area. Through the lens of global narratives of industrial and philosophical innovation, it inquires into uncommon and diverse themes, such as the manufacture of Quorn, the place of photographic mediation of the factory, and industrial disease. Setting out from a context of heavy industry and material processing, the book seeks to stimulate poetic and creative thinking around the ways in which people’s lives were enmeshed with synthetic chemicals and the dreams that seemed to ooze and seep from them as by-products
Statespeople
No full textBoook synopsis: Discover the stories of 100 women and men whose activities in the 19th century laid the foundations of modern China
Developing customized NIRS-EEG for infant sleep research: methodological considerations
Get PDFSignificance: Studies using simultaneous fNIRS-EEG during natural sleep in infancy are rare. New developments for combined fNIRS-EEG for sleep research are needed that ensure optimal comfort whilst ensuring good coupling and data quality.
Aim: We describe the steps towards developing a comfortable, wearable NIRS-EEG headgear adapted specifically for sleeping infants ages 5-9 months and present the experimental procedures and data quality to conduct infant sleep research using combined fNIRS-EEG.
Approach: N=49 5-to-9-months-old infants participated. In phase 1, N=26 (10=slept) using the non-wearable version of the NIRS-EEG headgear with 13-channel-wearable EEG and 39-channel fiber-based NIRS. In phase 2, N=23 infants (21=slept) with the wireless version of the headgear with 20-channel-wearable EEG and 47-channel-wearable-NIRS. We used QT-NIRS to assess NIRS data quality based on: good time window percentage, included channels, nap duration and valid EEG percentage.
Results: Infant nap rate during phase 1 was ~40% (45% valid EEG data) and increased to 90% during phase 2 (100% valid EEG data). Infants slept significantly longer with the wearable system than the non-wearable system. However, there were more included good channels based on QT-NIRS in study phase 1 (61 %) than 2 (50 %), though this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: We demonstrated the usability of an integrated NIRS-EEG headgear during natural infant sleep both with a non-wearable and wearable NIRS system. The wearable EEG-NIRS headgear represents a good compromise between data quality, opportunities of applications (home visits, toddlers) and experiment success (infants’ comfort, longer sleep duration, opportunities for caregiver-child interaction)
‘Somewhere. Some time. Somehow. Something has to change’: Prima Facie and the cruel optimism of feminist legal advocacy
Get PDFIn her play Prima Facie, playwright and lawyer Suzie Miller uses theatre to critique legal responses to sexual violence. This article thus offers an analysis of the play as both feminist theatre and feminist advocacy. We examine the rhetorical and performative strategies it deploys, arguing that they are effective because they mobilise long-standing feminist tropes which use a representative figure of the traumatised victim and the repetition of statistics to position the audience as potential victims of violence. Such strategies, however, fail to account for the complexity of sexual violence, intersectional understandings of it, or its relationship to
other structural forms of harm that flow from turning to the state, as articulated by Black feminist scholars. These limitations also function in the play’s loop between an indictment of law’s failings and recuperating the law as a privileged site for responding to sexual violence. We read this tension as exemplifying the play’s enactment of a cruelly optimistic relationship to law, which is, we argue, a recurring feature in feminist cultural advocacy around sexual violence. However, we also suggest that reading the play through the words of its protagonist can open up visions of justice beyond what Carol Smart has described as the ‘siren call of law’
Cretaceous-Paleogene tectonic reconstructions of the South Scotia Ridge and implications for the initiation of subduction in the Scotia Sea
Get PDFTheCenozoicdevelopmentoftheScotiaSeaandtheopeningofDrakePassageledtothedispersalofcrustalblocks of the North and South Scotia ridges, which today have a strong influence on the pathway of the Antarctic circumpolar current. The pre-translation positions of the crustal fragments of the Scotia ridges are uncertain, with correlations to both the Antarctic and South American plates. We present direct geochronology results (40Ar/39Ar) from the Bruce and Jane banks of the South Scotia Ridge that yield Late Cretaceous–Paleogene ages, indicating a pre-translation magmatic history. The basaltic magmatism from Bruce Bank is calc-alkaline, akin to the Cenozoic magmatism of the South Orkney microcontinent and the South Shetland Islands, and agrees with pre-translation tectonic models that place the crustal blocks of the South Scotia Ridge adjacent to the northern Antarctic Peninsula arc. The intra-oceanic arc magmatism at Jane Bank is Late Cretaceous in age (97.2 ± 1.1 Ma) and is therefore inconsistent with models suggesting a Miocene origin as part of the ancestral South Sandwich arc. The development of westwards-directed subduction adjacent to Jane Bank is predicted in some tectonic models as a consequence of Late Cretaceous plate dynamics that developed prior to the Oligocene–Miocene ancestral arc
The relationships between young Chinese EFL learners’ classroom emotions, engagement and EFL proficiency
Get PDFThe last decade has seen a proliferation of studies about emotions in FL teaching and learning. The present study examined three of the most researched and well-known FL emotions, anxiety, boredom and enjoyment, and their relationship with learners’ engagement in EFL class and EFL test scores for reading, writing, listening, and speaking. One-hundred-and-eleven Primary 3-4 EFL children completed a questionnaire and FL tests. Various statistical analyses (correlation, hierarchical multiple regression, and path analysis) revealed that all five variables are significantly correlated, enjoyment was the strongest predictor of engagement and proficiency, followed by boredom. The path analysis evidenced that the hypothetical path of emotions→engagement→proficiency does not exist; rather, only two direct relationships were found in the model, namely enjoyment→engagement and enjoyment→proficiency, highlighting the significant role of enjoyment in FL teaching and learning
Delineating early developmental pathways to ADHD: setting an international research agenda
Get PDFAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent, impairing, and highly heritable condition typically diagnosed in middle childhood. However, it is now recognized that symptoms emerge much earlier in development. Research focused on understanding—using multiple units of analysis—the cascade of early-life (i.e., prenatal- infant-toddler) developmental changes that will later emerge as ADHD has the potential to transform early identification, prevention, and intervention. To this end, we introduce the recently established Early ADHD Consortium, an international network of investigators engaged in prospective, longitudinal studies of risk for ADHD beginning early in life, conducted within a developmental framework, and which incorporate multimethod approaches. This network seeks to harmonize measures and methodological approaches to increase the potential for data sharing and subsequent impact. This perspective paper highlights the importance of investigating pre-diagnostic markers of ADHD, and potential models and mechanisms of ADHD risk and development, with the long-term objective of facilitating development of preemptive interventions that will minimize the impact of ADHD symptoms on everyday functioning and maximize health and developmental outcomes. We selectively describe key challenges and questions for this field related to theoretical models and developmental mechanisms in ADHD and recommend next steps for the science, including methodological, measurement, and study design considerations. We then describe potential implications for preemptive intervention development. We conclude by considering other issues including ethical concerns and the critical value of incorporating stakeholder input. It is hoped that this perspective puts forth a research agenda that will enhance collaborative efforts and accelerate progress in understanding developmental mechanisms and the early ADHD phenotype, with implications for early intervention enhancement of healthy development for infants, young children, and their families
Theorizing 'surplus populations' in racial capitalism through juvenile justice
No full textThe concept of ‘surplus population’ explains how child welfare functions in the context of racial capitalism to cultivate and develop the productive capacities of children to ensure the development of a productive adult. Productive here simply means activity that adds value to privately owned capital. It does not mean: active, alive, creative, generative, dynamic, social, etc. Surplus population is that part of the population that is permanently surplus to the needs of capital and outside of the logic of productivity for capital. It does not, of course, mean that people are surplus for one another or that they are outside of community and family or that their lives are intrinsically useless or lack value. Surplus population is a concept specifically tied to how capitalism values life. This chapter argues that when the imagined future of the child falls outside of the scope of a productive future and locates the child now and in the future as part of a surplus population, juvenile justice and other mechanisms of abandoning and containing children and exposing them to premature death are mobilized.
Book synopsis: The Bloomsbury Handbook of Theories in Childhood Studies showcases the cutting-edge theoretical work that has been produced within the field of childhood studies. It speaks to both scholars and students in the field by addressing basic questions such as what childhood is, how childhoods are diversely constructed and how children's experiences can be better understood. The volume draws together a wide range of theoretical perspectives from the social sciences, humanities, politics, postcolonialism, feminism, critical race studies, queer theory, disabilities studies to generate a much-needed conversation about how to move childhood studies forward as a grounded field of research. The volume is subdivided into three broad sections - subjectivities, relationalities, and structures - each of which contains around ten chapters from a diversity of disciplines and author identities. The chapters are written by experts from Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Finland, India, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA
Variación pragmática regional en contextos digitales: los marcadores del discurso
No full textResumen: El presente volumen ofrece una colección de trabajos que exploran variación regional en el empleo de marcadores del discurso en contextos digitales en el mundo hispánico. Enmarcado bajo la pragmática variacional (Schneider y Barron 2008), el volumen extiende el estudio de variación regional en el uso de la lengua en general y en el empleo de marcadores del discurso en particular a interacciones virtuales. A la vez, nos acerca a formas emergentes del discurso coloquial en redes, y su distribución en las diferentes variedades regionales del español, abriendo un campo de investigación de gran actualidad y novedad. Hay que destacar también que los diversos estudios que se presentan no solo muestran rasgos o usos que son propios de una variedad o que son compartidos, sino que también contribuyen a nuestra comprensión de procesos de gramaticalización y otros.
Abstract:
The present volume offers a collection of papers that explore regional variation in the use of discourse markers in digital contexts in the Hispanic world. Within the framework of variational pragmatics (Schneider and Barron 2008), the volume extends the study of regional variation in language use in general and in the employment of discourse markers in particular to virtual interactions. At the same time, it brings us closer to emergent forms of colloquial discourse in social media, and their distribution in the different regional varieties of Spanish considered, opening up a research area of great interest. It has to be highlighted as well that the various studies presented not only show features or uses that are peculiar to a variety or that are shared, but also contribute to our understanding of grammaticalization and other processes
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