JURNAL GALUNG TROPIKA
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The Potential of Endophite Fungus as Control of Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease in Rice
No full textEndophytic fungi have the potential as biocontrol agents against bacterial leaf blight caused by a Xanthomonas oryzae pv Oryzae to support environmentally friendly agriculture. This study aims to select endophytic fungal isolates that have the potential as biocontrol agents against bacterial leaf blight. This research was divided into 3 stages: 1) isolation and rejuvenation of endophytic fungi isolate; 2) antagonistic test of endophytic fungi isolates against Xoo bacteria in vitro; 3) in vivo test of endophytic fungi isolates which are antagonistic in rice plants. As many as 16 isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated and rejuvenated, 6 isolates of endophytic fungi were antagonistic in vitro tests, the application of endophytic fungi isolates on rice plants was able to increase the resistance of rice plant highly susceptible, susceptible, moderately susceptible to moderately resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible.Cendawan endofit memiliki potensi sebagai agen biokontrol terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae untuk mendukung pertanian ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi isolate cendawan endofit yang memiliki potensi sebagai agen biokontrol terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri. Penelitian ini dibagi dalam 3 tahapan yaitu: 1) isolasi dan peremajaan isolate cendawan endofit; 2) uji antagonis isolate cendawan endofit terhadap bakteri Xoo secara in vitro; 3) uji in vivo isolate cendawan endfotif yang bersifat antagonis pada tanaman padi. Sebanyak 16 isolat cendawan endofit telah diisolasi dan diremajakan, 6 isolat cendawan endofit bersifat antagonis pada uji in vitro, aplikasi isolat cendawan endofit pada tanaman padi mampu meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman padi dari sangat rentan, rentan, agak rentan menjadi agak tahan, agak rentan dan rentan
Pengaruh Fermentasi dan Asal Biji Kakao Terhadap Mutu Produk Olahan Kakao (Coklat Batang)
No full textThe source of raw materials and the fermentation process carried out really need to be considered when processing it into chocolate bar products. This research aimed to determine the effect of seed origin and fermentation treatment on product quality and quality. The treatments in this research were cocoa beans from Soppeng Regency (South Sulawesi) and Polman Regency (West Sulawesi) with differences in fermentation time, namely 5 days and 7 days. The research results show that the raw material for cocoa beans used in making processed chocolate bars is influenced by the origin of the beans and the fermentation treatment. Visual test results showed that there was no difference in results for seeds from Soppeng and Polman. The processed product is brown in color and has a distinctive aroma because it comes from fermented cocoa beans. Testing for water content and fat content is greatly influenced by the fermentation process where a good stirring process during the fermentation process can increase the fat content and reduce the water content. Test results for metal contamination: Lead <0.0134, Cadmium <0.0013, Tin <0.0776, Mercury and Arsenic <0.0002. The results of microbial testing were TPC 1.2 x 101 and 7.0 x 101 colonies/g, Escherichia coli <3, Mold and Yeast 1.3 x 102 and 7.0 x 101 colonies/g and Salmonella was negative. The results of testing for metal contamination and microbiology show that processed cocoa products (chocolate bars) at the Politani Pangkep cocoa processing workshop are safe for consumption because they have test results below the SNI reference value.The source of raw materials and the fermentation process carried out really need to be considered when processing it into chocolate bar products. This research aimed to determine the effect of seed origin and fermentation treatment on product quality and quality. The treatments in this research were cocoa beans from Soppeng Regency (South Sulawesi) and Polman Regency (West Sulawesi) with differences in fermentation time, namely 5 days and 7 days. The research results show that the raw material for cocoa beans used in making processed chocolate bars is influenced by the origin of the beans and the fermentation treatment. Visual test results showed that there was no difference in results for seeds from Soppeng and Polman. The processed product is brown in color and has a distinctive aroma because it comes from fermented cocoa beans. Testing for water content and fat content is greatly influenced by the fermentation process where a good stirring process during the fermentation process can increase the fat content and reduce the water content. Test results for metal contamination: Lead <0.0134, Cadmium <0.0013, Tin <0.0776, Mercury and Arsenic <0.0002. The results of microbial testing were TPC 1.2 x 101 and 7.0 x 101 colonies/g, Escherichia coli <3, Mold and Yeast 1.3 x 102 and 7.0 x 101 colonies/g and Salmonella was negative. The results of testing for metal contamination and microbiology show that processed cocoa products (chocolate bars) at the Politani Pangkep cocoa processing workshop are safe for consumption because they have test results below the SNI reference value
Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Kopi Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen: Studi kasus pada kedai kopi “Dari Hati” di Kota Makassar
No full textA coffee shop (cafe) offers a relaxed atmosphere for fast food and drink. A good cafe can provide satisfaction for consumers in terms of service, affordable products and prices, and adequate equipment and facilities. The research objectives are: (1) Describe the coffee drink production process and (2) Describe product quality. (3) Describe consumer satisfaction with the quality of coffee drink products. (4) Analyzing the influence of coffee drink product quality on consumer satisfaction. The population of this research is consumers who make purchases directly at the "From Heart" coffee shop in Makassar City. The sampling technique was Purposive Sampling, with a total of 100 respondents. The research results show (1) The coffee drink production process begins with procuring and selecting the main ingredients, namely coffee beans, grinding them to become powder, and procuring/selecting additional ingredients in the form of flavor variants. The ground coffee beans are mixed with the flavor variants according to the consumer's wishes; then, the packaging process is carried out. (2) The quality of the coffee drink product, namely performance, features, aesthetics, and conformance to specifications, is in the "very good" category. (3) The level of consumer satisfaction based on emotional factors, price, and service quality in the "very satisfied" category. (4) The influence of the quality of coffee drink products, namely performance, features, aesthetics, and conformance to specifications, together (F test) or partially (t-test), has a significant effect on consumer satisfaction
Seleksi Beberapa Hasil Persilangan Genotipe Jagung (Zea mays L) Tipe Daun Tegak
No full textThis study aims to determine several genotypes of upright leaf-type maize with high production, in addition to knowing the genotypic characters obtained from the selection of upright leaf-type corn with closer spacing. The study was arranged as an experiment using a randomized block design (RBD) with the treatment of types of corn resulting from crosses. There were 6 genotypes tested, namely SU1, SU2, SU3, SU4, SU5, SU6, and 2 control genotypes namely SU7 (variety RK75) and SU8 (variety RK457). Genotypes were tested based on agronomic characteristics and yield. The results showed that the production of the tested and the control genotypes were not significantly different. However, the highest average production was found in the comparison genotype, especially the RK457 variety, which was 7.49 t/ha. The results of the selection of agronomic characters stated that the genotypes tested and the control genotypes showed no significantly different results on the characters of plant height, cob height, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf angle but significantly different on the stem diameter character. Genotype SU5 had an average stem diameter of 20.75 mm, not significantly different from genotype SU6 (18.95mm), RK457 (19.24 mm), and RK75 (17.79 mm). However, it was significantly different from the genotypes SU1 (16.35 mm), SU2 (14.40 mm), SU3 (16.05 mm), and SU4 (16.93 mm). The selection results for yield characteristics stated that the tested and control genotypes did not have significantly different characters
Penambahan Cendawan Pleurotus sp Pada Biochar Sekam Padi dan Tongkol Jagung untuk Stimulator di Lahan Berpasir
No full textSoybean is a protein source that is quite popular in Indonesia, so its demand is increasing every year. However, low production is one of the obstacles that causes these commodities to be imported from outside. One solution is to increase production by utilizing sandy land with low water holding capacity. This study aimed to determine the benefits of adding 2 types of biochar to the fungus isolate Pleurotus sp to increase yields on sandy soils. The study was arranged experimentally using a factorial design based on a randomized block design with 2 factors. The first factor was biochar treatment (J), including rice husk biochar (J1) and corncob biochar (J2). The second factor was the addition of Pleurotus sp fungus isolates, including without fungus (P1) and with fungus (P2). The results showed an increase in yield of pod weight, number of pods, number of seeds, and soybean production with the addition of Pleurotus sp to biochar. The increase in soybean yields using corn cob biochar added with Pleurotus was higher than rice husk biochar.Kedele merupakan sumber protein yang cukup digemari di Indonesia sehingga permintaannya semakin meningkat setiap tahun. Namun rendahnya produksi menjadi salah satu kendala sehingga komoditas ini diimpor dari luar. Salah satu solusi meningkatkan produksi dengan memanfaatkan lahan berpasir yang mempunyai kemampuan memegang air yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat pemberian 2 jenis biochar yang ditambahkan isolat cendawan Pleurotus sp pada peningkatan hasil di lahan berpasir. Penelitian disusun secara eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Faktorial dengan dasar Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah perlakuan biochar (J), meliputi biochar sekam padi (J1) dan biochar tongkol jagung (J2), faktor kedua adalah penambahan isolat cendawan Pleurotus sp, meliputi tanpa cendawan (P1) dan dengan cendawan (P2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan hasil berat polong, jumlah polong, jumlah biji, dan produksi kedele dengan penambahan Pleurotus sp pada biochar. Peningkatan hasil kedele dengan menerapkan penggunaan biochar tongkol jagung ditambahkan Pleurotus lebih tinggi dibanding menggunakan biochar sekam padi.
 
Analisis Pendapatan Usaha Pengolahan Ikan Asin pada Usaha Rumah Tangga di Bontang Kuala, Kalimantan Timur
No full textIndonesia is an archipelagic nation known as a maritime area with natural riches in fisheries, such as marine biota and marine tourism. Since 1952, the progress of Bontang Kuala City has been supported by various industrial centers that utilize fishery products. This study aims to study financial aspects, including income, expenses, efficiency, and profits in the salted fish processing business managed by residents who live around the coastal area of Bontang City. The instruments applied to analyze data are analysis of business efficiency, costs, revenues, and profits. The objectivity of the study relies on the method of direct interviews with informants. The study results show that the average fixed and variable monthly costs, average revenue, and average monthly profit are "very efficient." Even though the RCR in the salted fish processing business in Bontang Kuala is classified as "efficient", obstacles still lead to entrepreneurs' prosperity and the allocation of supporting equipment. The implications of the findings are discussed and explored in subsequent publications. The study's results also inspire and dedicate significant contributions to the direction of more adaptive stakeholder regulations in the future.Indonesia is an archipelagic nation known as a maritime area with natural riches in fisheries, such as marine biota and marine tourism. Since 1952, the progress of Bontang Kuala City has been supported by various industrial centers that utilize fishery products. This study aims to study financial aspects, including income, expenses, efficiency, and profits in the salted fish processing business managed by residents who live around the coastal area of Bontang City. The instruments applied to analyze data are analysis of business efficiency, costs, revenues, and profits. The objectivity of the study relies on the method of direct interviews with informants. The study results show that the average fixed and variable monthly costs, average revenue, and average monthly profit are "very efficient." Even though the RCR in the salted fish processing business in Bontang Kuala is classified as "efficient", obstacles still lead to entrepreneurs' prosperity and the allocation of supporting equipment. The implications of the findings are discussed and explored in subsequent publications. The study's results also inspire and dedicate significant contributions to the direction of more adaptive stakeholder regulations in the future
Tingkat Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) pada Berbagai Topografi Lahan
No full textThis study aims to compare oil palm growth and yield in various topography on one stretch of land. Topography can affect the rate of erosion on agricultural land. High erosion rates transport nutrients to lower places, reducing land productivity, including oil palm plantations. It conducted the research by taking data on the growth and production of palm oil at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XIV Keera-Maroangin Unit in October - December 2020. Observations were made of oil palm plantations on 3 types of land topography, namely (1) flat land: slope <3%, with a height difference <2 m, (2) undulating land: slope 8-15%, with a height difference of 10-50 cm, and (3) hilly land: slope 15-30%, with a height difference of 50-300 cm. Available secondary data is data from samples taken using a systematic random method. The sample data was then statistically processed using the two-party test method at the 0.05 level. The results showed that all growth parameters, namely plant height (98.09 cm), trunk circumference (301.94), frond length (413.94 cm) and bunch weight production (6.76 kg) of oil palm were found to be better on land with flat topography than other types of topography, while undulating land is better than sloping land, except for the parameter of frond length, oil palm growth and production are better than sloping land.This study aims to compare oil palm growth and yield in various topography on one stretch of land. Topography can affect the rate of erosion on agricultural land. High erosion rates transport nutrients to lower places, reducing land productivity, including oil palm plantations. It conducted the research by taking data on the growth and production of palm oil at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XIV Keera-Maroangin Unit in October - December 2020. Observations were made of oil palm plantations on 3 types of land topography, namely (1) flat land: slope <3%, with a height difference <2 m, (2) undulating land: slope 8-15%, with a height difference of 10-50 cm, and (3) hilly land: slope 15-30%, with a height difference of 50-300 cm. Available secondary data is data from samples taken using a systematic random method. The sample data was then statistically processed using the two-party test method at the 0.05 level. The results showed that all growth parameters, namely plant height (98.09 cm), trunk circumference (301.94), frond length (413.94 cm) and bunch weight production (6.76 kg) of oil palm were found to be better on land with flat topography than other types of topography, while undulating land is better than sloping land, except for the parameter of frond length, oil palm growth and production are better than sloping land
Performans Ayam Broiler Dengan Penambahan Kefir Sebagai Probiotik
No full textKefir is a fermented milk product made by inoculating milk with kefir grains, a combination of bacteria and yeast. These microorganisms will play a role in the fermentation of lactic acid and alcohol, which can provide a therapeutic effect. The presence of probiotics in feed can increase enzymatic and digestive activity. As a natural probiotic, Kefir contains various strains of bacteria and yeast that can be used as a substitute for antibiotics that are limited in their use nowadays. The effectiveness of kefir as a probiotic was studied on the production, feed efficiency, and relative weight of the digestive tract in broiler chickens. This study used DOC broiler strain MB 202 with as many as 200 unsexing using a completely random design with four treatments and five replicates for five weeks. Treatment consisted of T0 = basal ration (control), T1 = basal ration + 1.5% probiotic kefir, T2 = basal ration + 3% probiotic kefir, T3 = basal ration+ 4.5% probiotic kefir. The kefir used comes from goat's milk which was given as much as 10% grain kefir fermented for 48 hours. The ANOVA resulted from a real difference (P<0.05) in performance for each treatment compared to the control. At the same time, the intestinal weight parameters of the digestive tract did not show a real difference (P>0.05). The addition of 4.5% probiotic kefir showed the best results on four performance parameters, including consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio, which is also supported by the highest carcass yield compared to other treatments.Kefir merupakan produk fermentasi susu yang dibuat dengan cara menginokulasikan susu dengan bulir kefir yang merupakan kombinasi bakteri dan ragi. Mikroorganisme tersebut akan berperan dalam mefermentasikan asam laktat dan alkohol yang dapat memberikan pengaruh terapeutik. Keberadaan probiotik dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas enzimatis dan meningkatkan aktivitas pencernaan. Pemanfaatan kefir sebagai probiotik alami mengandung beragam strain bakteri dan ragi menguntukan dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti antibiotik yang terbatas peggunaannya. Kajian efektivitas kefir sebagai probiotik dilakukan terhadap produksi, efisiensi pakan serta bobot relatif saluran pencernaan pada ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan DOC broiler strain MB 202 sebanyak 200 ekor unsexing menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan lima ulangan selama lima minggu. Perlakuan yang diujikan terdiri atas T0= ransum basal (kontrol), T1= ransum basal+ 1.5% probiotik kefir, T2= ransum basal+ 3% probiotik kefir, T3= ransum basal+ 4.5% probiotik kefir. Kefir yang digunakan berasal dari susu kambing yang diberi grain kefir sebanyak 10% difermentasi selama 48 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya perbedaan nyata (P<0.05) pada setiap perlakuan terhadap kontrol pada parameter performa, sedangkan pada parameter bobot saluran pencernaan tidak menunjukan adanya perbedaan nyata (P>0.05). Penambahan sebanyak 4.5% probiotik kefir menunjukan hasil yang paling baik terhadap empat subparameter performa yang meliputi konsumsi, PBB, FCR yang juga didukung dengan hasil karkas yang tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lain
ISOLASI CENDAWAN RHIZOSFER PELARUT FOSFAT PADA JABON MERAH (Neolamarckia macrophylla) PROVENANS KABUPATEN SIDRAP SULAWESI SELATAN
No full textThis research aims to determine the total chlorophyll of jabon merah leaves extract using acetone and ethanol solvent and to determine the difference in total chlorophyll of jabon merah leaves extract using acetone dan ethanol solvent. The result of the analysis of chlorophyll levels in the extraction of jabon merah leaves using the SPAD-502 method showed that the base and the middle of the jabon merah leaf were the part that had the highest chlorophyll content, and the tip of the jabon merah leaf has a lower chlorophyll content. In the spectrophotometric method using acetone solvent, the result of chlorophyll a is 34.543,9 mg/L, and chlorophyll b is 30.338,6 mg/L. The result of chlorophyll using ethanol solvent is 33.171,8 mg/L for chlorophyll a and 19.065,9 mg/L for chlorophyll b. The total chlorophyll content in jabon merah leaves with acetone solvent is 65,346,4 mg/L, and for ethanol solvent, ia 52.474 mg/L. The results show that acetone is a good solvent for extracting jabon merah leaves.Fosfat adalah salah satu unsur makro esensial yang memiliki fungsi penting sebagai penyusun ATP dan DNA pada tanaman, namun ketersediaan fosfat terlarut didalam tanah sangat terbatas karena kecenderungannya terikat dengan mineral tanah membentuk fosfat kompleks, melalui pemanfaatan cendawan rhizosfer rendahnya fosfat yang tersedia dalam tanah dapat diatasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakter dan potensi cendawan yang mampu melarutkan fosfat. Sumber isolat yang digunakan merupakan koleksi isolat cendawan rhizosfer dibawah tegakan jabon merah. Pemurnian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode titik pada media PDA dan Uji kemampuan pelarutan fosfat dilakukan dengan metode standar yaitu menggunakan media pikovskaya cair kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Delapan belas isolat cendawan rhizosfer diamati, dua isolat diantaranya potensial dalam melarutkan fosfat berturut turut diperoleh dari isolat JCS16 dengan nilai konsentrasi 10,48 ppm, JCS 13 dengan nilai konsentrasi 10.06 ppm
PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN PERMENDAG NO 19 TAHUN 2021 TERKAIT EKSPOR KOPI INDONESIA
No full textProvisions regarding coffee exports have been regulated several times by Regulation of the Minister of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia until the most recent is Permendag No. 19 of 2021. Since the enactment of this regulation, all coffee business actors have had the opportunity to become Indonesian coffee exporters. This study discusses whether there has been a change in the value of coffee exports before and after Permendag No.19 of 2021 on coffee exports in Indonesia. The research methodology used is quantitative descriptive, using secondary data, which is analyzed using the Paired sample T-test to determine the difference in the average coffee export value before and after Permendag No.19 of 2021. The results show that the Government of Trade No.19 of 2021 influences Indonesian coffee exports. The value of Indonesian coffee exports after the implementation of Permendag No. 19 of 2019 has increased, which is relatively high, as seen from the correlation value, which reaches 96%. The ease of exporting coffee products after the Minister of Trade Regulation is one of the reasons. Permendag No.19 of 2021 in article 50 point (r) makes the coffee export process more accessible so that in addition to reaching a broader market, it also increases the emergence of new exporters. It allows coffee from upstream or farmers to directly access the international market.Ketentuan tentang ekspor kopi diatur beberapa kali dengan Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Republik Indonesia, hingga yang terbaru adalah Permendag No.19 Tahun 2021. Dalam pergantian regulasi ini, ditetapkan bahwa sejak ditetapkannya peraturan tersebut, kesempatan untuk semua pelaku usaha kopi bisa menjadi eksportir kopi Indonesia. Penelitian ini mencoba membahas apakah terdapat perubahan nilai ekspor kopi sebelum dan sesudah Permendag No.19 Tahun 2021 terhadap ekspor kopi di Indonesia. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriktif kuantitatif, menggunakan data sekunder yang dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis uji Paired sample T test untuk mengetahui perbedaan rata-rata Nilai Ekspor Kopi Sebelum dan Sesudah Permendag No.19 Tahun 2021. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pemendag No.19 Tahun 2021 memiliki pengaruh terhadap ekspor kopi Indonesia. Nilai ekspor kopi Indonesia setelah penerapan Permendag No.19 Tahun 2019 terdapat peningkatan dan ekspor kopi terbilang sangat tinggi dilihat dari nilai korelasinya yang mencapai 96%. Hal tersebut terjadi karena adanya kemudahan untuk mengekspor produk kopi. Permendag No.19 Tahun 2021 pada pasal 50 poin (r), menjadikan proses ekspor kopi semakin mudah sehingga selain menjangkau pasar yang lebih luas, tentunya juga akan meningkatkan munculnya eksportir baru, jauh lebih lanjut memungkinkan kopi dari hulu atau petani bisa langsung mengakses pasar internasional