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STUDI ETNOBOTANI PADA RAGAM KULINER KHAS SUMATRA BARAT DI KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Full text linkThe importance of preserving traditional cuisine based on the utilization of local plants as mainingredients, spices, and herbs represents a key effort in safeguarding cultural heritage.Padang Pariaman Regency was selected for this study due to its richMinangkabau culinarytraditions supported by natural resources and local wisdom. This study aimed to identifyMinangkabau traditional dishes made from local plants in Padang Pariaman Regency, WestSumatra, as part of cultural preservation efforts. The Participatory Ethnobotanical Appraisal(PEA) method was applied through in-depth interviews with 30 respondents across fivevillages. The results showed 34 types of traditional dishes utilizing 49 plant species from 24families, mainly the fruits, leaves, andseeds, commonly processed by grinding, with theprimary source of ingredients being local markets. This study emphasizes the importance ofdocumenting local knowledge to safeguard the Minangkabau culinary heritage. The findingsalso highlight the significant potential of local biodiversity for further development, both inpreserving traditional community knowledge and as a foundation for the development ofculinary products based on local spices. Therefore, collaborative support is needed to promotethe conservation of local plant resources and the innovation of economically valuable productsrooted in local wisdom.The importance of preserving traditional cuisine based on the use of local plants as main ingredients, spices, and herbs. Padang Pariaman Regency was chosen because it has a wealth of Minangkabau cuisine supported by natural resources and local wisdom. This study aims to identify Minangkabau-style cuisine based on local plants in Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra, as part of cultural preservation efforts. The Participatory Ethnobotanical Appraisal (PEA) method was applied through in-depth interviews with 31 respondents in five villages. The results revealed 34 types of traditional dishes utilizing 49 plant species (24 families), primarily the fruits, leaves, and seeds, which are ground into a paste, with the main source being local markets. This study underscores the necessity of documenting local knowledge to preserve Minangkabau culinary heritage. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of documenting local knowledge as an effort to preserve Minangkabau culinary culture. The implications of this study indicate that local biodiversity has significant potential for further development, both in preserving traditional community knowledge and as a foundation for developing culinary products based on local spices. Therefore, support from various parties is needed to promote the preservation of local plant resources and the innovation of economically valuable products based on local wisdom
The Ground Surface Hemiptera (True Bugs) in The Muhammad Sabki City Forest Area of Jambi City
No full textMuhammad Sabki City Forest Park (THKMS) is one of the Green Open Spaces in Jambi City, which serves as a natural habitat for various species of flora and fauna, both naturally and through captivity programs. One group of organisms that can be found in the THKMS area is soil surface insects, one of them is the true bug (Order Hemiptera). Hemiptera is an order whose organisms that play a role as phytophagous pests that harm plants in the agricultural sector and also as decomposers in the process of soil material overhaul. In addition to playing a role as phytophages, insects in the Hemiptera order also act as predators in the environment by piercing and sucking their prey, thus reducing the population of plant pests as natural enemies. This study aims to identify the types of soil surface Hemiptera in THKMS. The collection of Hemiptera insect samples was carried out passively using pitfall traps . Based on the identification results, the soil surface Hemiptera species collected were Lisarda rhypara, L. annulata, and Opistoplatys sp., all of them belong to the suborder Heteroptera and included to family Reduviidae. Morphologically, Hemiptera insects have a piercing-sucking mouth type and lack of cerci. Members of the Reduviidae family are known as "Assassin bugs," which are nocturnal. Reduviidae members are large in size and naturally aggressive, making them predators of several other insects. The Reduviidae family is cosmopolitan and has a wide distribution. Ecologically, the insect species found are predators, characterized by their piercing-sucking mouthparts.Muhammad Sabki City Forest Park (THKMS) is one of the Green Open Spaces in Jambi City, which serves as a natural habitat for various species of flora and fauna, both naturally and through captivity programs. One group of organisms that can be found in the THKMS area is soil surface insects, one of them is the true bug (Order Hemiptera). Hemiptera is an order whose organisms that play a role as phytophagous pests that harm plants in the agricultural sector and also as decomposers in the process of soil material overhaul. In addition to playing a role as phytophages, insects in the Hemiptera order also act as predators in the environment by piercing and sucking their prey, thus reducing the population of plant pests as natural enemies. This study aims to identify the types of soil surface Hemiptera in THKMS. The collection of Hemiptera insect samples was carried out passively using pitfall traps . Based on the identification results, the soil surface Hemiptera species collected were Lisarda rhypara, L. annulata, and Opistoplatys sp., all of them belong to the suborder Heteroptera and included to family Reduviidae. Morphologically, Hemiptera insects have a piercing-sucking mouth type and lack of cerci. Members of the Reduviidae family are known as "Assassin bugs," which are nocturnal. Reduviidae members are large in size and naturally aggressive, making them predators of several other insects. The Reduviidae family is cosmopolitan and has a wide distribution. Ecologically, the insect species found are predators, characterized by their piercing-sucking mouthparts
Struktur Populasi Mangga Kweni (Mangifera odorata Griff) Di Bantaran Sungai Barito Desa Sungai Gampa Kabupaten Barito Kuala
Full text linkPopulation structure is one of the references that can be used to determine the status and existence of a population in a habitat. Kweni mango (Mangifera odorata Griff) is one of the endemic mango species of South Kalimantan. This study aims to examine the population structure of kweni mango (Mangifera odorata Griff) on the banks of the Barito River, SungaiGampa Village, Barito Kuala Regency. The research method applied is total exploration. The results of the study showed that the population structure of kweni mango in the Barito Kula Riverbank area, Sungai Gampa Village has a pyramid shape of a disturbed pitcher with three growth phases, namely pre-reproductive (118.42 ind / km2), reproductive (625 ind / km2), and post-reproductive (111.84 ind / km2). So that kweni mango plants can be categorized as being in a safe or fairly developed condition because they have more than 25 adult individuals in 1 km2.Struktur populasi merupakan salah satu referensi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengentahui status dan keberadaan suatu populasi dalam suatu habitat. Mangga kweni (Mangifera odorata Griff) adalah salah satu jenis mangga endemik Kalimantan selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji struktur populasi mangga kweni (Mangifera odorata Griff) di bantaran Sungai Barito, Desa Sungai Gampa, Kabupaten Barito Kuala. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan ialah jelajah total. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur populasi mangga kweni di kawasan bantaran sungai barito kula desa sungai gampa memiliki bentuk piramida pasu atau kendi terganggu dengan tiga fase pertumbuhan, yaitu pra-reproduktif (118,42 ind/km2), reproduktif (625 ind/km2), dan post-reproduktif (111,84 ind/ km2). Sehingga tumbuhan mangga kweni dapat dikategorikan dalam keadaan yang aman atau cukup berkembang dikarenakan memiliki jumlah individu dewasa lebih dari 25 individu dalam 1 km2
In Silico Identification of Putative miRNAs Targeting GME to Increase Ascorbic Acid in Tomato
Full text linkThe primary natural sources of ascorbic acid or vitamin C are fruits and vegetables, withtomatoes being one of the most readily available and accessible examples. The biosynthesisof ascorbic acid through the L-galactose pathway plays a key role in regulating vitamin C production in tomatoes. microRNAs (miRNAs) are among the various regulators that interact with mRNA involved in this process. Investigating how miRNA regulates mRNA could provide crucial information for developing genetic engineering techniques to boost vitamin C production. The main purpose of this research is to identify potential miRNA regulators ofGME using in silico approach. The research findings demonstrated that ascorbic acid biosynthesis in tomato involves 19 gene IDs. It also discovered that GME interacts with multiple miRNAs in tomatoes, specifically sly-miR-159b, sly-miR-159a, sly-miR-167, sly-miR-319c, sly-miR-319b and sly-miR-319a. Among these miRNAs, sly-miR-159a displays higher expression, which allows it to exert a suppressive effect on GME activity (negative regulator), leading to a decrease in vitamin C production. Decreasing the expression of this miRNA provides a potential molecular approach for enhancing the nutritional quality of tomato cultivars in response to the rising demand for functional foods
AKTIVITAS EKOENZIM KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus (L). MERR) VARIETAS TANGKIT SEBAGAI ANTISEPTIK ALAMI TERHADAP Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus
Full text linkBacteria are one of the causes of disease in humans, there are various types of bacteria in the environment that can infect humans either directly or by vectors. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are bacteria that are often found in everyday life. One effective effort to fight these bacteria is to wash hands with cleaning agents. One of the natural cleaners that can be used as hand soap is ecoenzyme from pineapple skin because it contains antibacterial substances such as vitamin C, Carotenoids and Flavonoids. In addition, pineapple skin also contains tannins, saponins, phenols, carbohydrates, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, anthraquinones, and amino acids. In addition to having a rich content of secondary metabolite compounds, pineapple skin is also not utilized so that pineapple skin waste is widely found. This makes pineapple skin waste very suitable to be processed into ecoenzymes and used as antibacterial cleaning agents. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of pineapple ecoenzyme to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and to determine the effectiveness value of pineapple ecoenzyme in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The method used in this study was the test of ecoenzyme inhibition activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria using discs. There were 4 treatments, namely 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% ecoenzyme and 4 replications were made. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the effectiveness of pineapple peel waste ecoenzyme has a weak category with the highest concentration inhibiting Escherichia coli bacteria of 4.75 mm at a concentration of 100%, while Staphylococcus aureus bacteria had 2.75 mm at a concentration of 75%. The 70% alcohol control has an inhibitory power against both bacteria which is still higher than Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Bakteri merupakan salah satu penyebab penyakit pada manusia, terdapat berbagai jenis bakteri dilingkungan yang dapat menginfeksi manusia baik secara langsung maupun dengan vektor. Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri yang sering di temui pada kehidupan sehari – hari. Salah satu upaya yang efektif dalam melawan bakteri tersebut adalah dengan mencuci tangan dengan bahan pembersih. Salah satu pembersih alami yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sabun cuci tangan adalah ekoenzim dari kulit nanas karena mengandung zat antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekoenzim nanas dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus serta untuk mengetahui nilai efektivitas ekoenzim nanas dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Pembuatan ekonzim kulit nanas dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2021, sedangkan pada Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2023 sampai Januari 2024. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Agroindustri Tanaman Obat dan Bioteknologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Jambi. Uji aktivitas ekoenzim terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus dilakukan dengan menggunakan cakram. Terdapat 4 perlakuan yaitu ekoenzim 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% dan di buat 4 ulangan. Efektivitas ekoenzim limbah kulit nanas memiliki kategori yang lemah dengan konsentrasi tertinggi menghambat bakteri Escherichia coli sebesar 4.75 mm pada konsentrasi 100%, sedangkan pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus memiliki 2.75 mm pada konsentrasi 75%. Kontrol alkohol 70% memiliki daya hambat terhadap kedua bakteri masih lebih tinggi terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureu
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN KEPADATAN POPULASIRhyzopertha dominicaTERHADAP JENIS DAN KERUSAKAN SEREALIA
Full text linkThe study aimed to determine the effect ofRhyzopertha dominicapopulation density on thetype and extent of damage to cereals. The study was conducted at the Plant Pests andDiseases Laboratory, Agroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture,Malikussaleh University. The study was conducted in the form of alaboratory experimentwith two types of treatments arranged in a Completely Randomized Design. The cereal typetreatment consisted of two levels, namely sorghum and wheat. The types of cereal varietiesused in the study were the tropical wheat variety Dewata and the sorghum variety Super-2obtained from the Cereal Crops Research Institute, Maros, South Sulawesi. The populationdensity treatment ofR. dominicaconsisted of four levels, namely 5, 10, 15, and 20 pairs ofadults per 150 g of cereal. Each treatment combination was repeated three times, so thatthere were 24 experimental units.The results showed that increasing the population densityofR. dominicasignificantly affected the number of F1, the percentage of cereal damage, theamount of powder, andweight loss during storage. The density of 20 pairs of adultsproduced the highest number of F1 and damage. Cereal type also influenced theseparameters, with wheat showing higher levels of damage than sorghum, indicating thatwheat is preferred byR. dominica.However, there was no significant interaction betweenpopulation density and cereal type on any of the observed parameters. Data were analyzedusing analysis of variance and the DMRT test at the 0.05 level.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepadatan populasiRhyzopertha dominicaterhadap jenis dan kerusakan serealia. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama danPenyakit Tanaman, Program Studi Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, UniversitasMalikussalehdalam bentuk percobaan laboratorium dengan dua jenis perlakuan yangdisusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Perlakuan jenis serealia terdiri dari dua taraf yaitusorgum dan gandum. Jenis varietas serealia yangdigunakan dalam penelitian yaitu gandumtropis varietasDewata dan sorgum varietas Super-2 diperoleh dari Balai PenelitianTanaman Serealia, Maros Sulawesi Selatan. Perlakuan kepadatan populasiR. dominicaterdiri dari empat taraf yaitu 5, 10, 15, dan 20 pasang imago per 150 g serealia. Setiapkombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga terdapat 24 satuan percobaan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kepadatan populasiR. dominicaberpengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah F1, persentasekerusakan serealia, jumlah bubuk,dan susut selama penyimpanan. Kepadatan 20 pasang imago menghasilkan jumlah F1 dankerusakan tertinggi. Jenis serealia juga mempengaruhi parameter tersebut, dengan gandummenunjukkan tingkat kerusakan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan sorgum, menandakan bahwagandum lebih disukai olehR. dominica. Namun, tidak terdapat interaksi signifikan antarakepadatan populasi dan jenis serealia terhadap seluruh parameter yang diamati. Datadianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dan ujiDMRT pada taraf0.05
Struktur Populasi Kecapi (Sandoricum Koetjape (Burm.F.) Merr) Di Bantaran Sungai Barito Desa Sungai Gampa Kabupaten Barito Kuala
Full text linkThe population structure of plants is a critical area of study in ecology, essential for understanding the dynamics of plant assemblages. Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.f.) Merr, commonly known as kecapi, is a plant species found along the banks of the Barito River in Sungai Gampa Village. This study aims to describe the population structure of kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.f.) Merr) in this riparian area. The research employed the cruise method within an area spanning 3 km in length and 50 meters in width from the riverbank, with population data based on the classification by Odum (1993). The results showed that the population structure consists of 98.68 individuals/km² (pre-reproductive), 171.05 individuals/km² (reproductive), and 26.31 individuals/km² (post-reproductive), forming an urn-shaped pyramid indicative of a disturbed population, however, the kecapi population is considered stable and not in a critical condition, as more than 25 mature individuals were found per square kilometer.Struktur populasi tumbuhan merupakan kajian penting dalam ekologi untuk memahami dinamika kelompok tumbuhan. Tumbuhan kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.f.) Merr) salah satu tumbuhan yang terdapat di Kawasan bantaran Sungai Barito Desa Sungai Gampa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mendeskripsikan struktur populasi kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.f.) Merr) di bantaran Sungai Barito Desa Sungai Gampa Kabupaten Barito Kuala. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode jelajah pada area sepanjang 3 km dan lebar 50 meter dari tepi sungai dengan data populasi mengacu pada Odum (1993). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur populasi kecapi terdiri atas 98,68 ind/km² (pra-reproduktif), 171,05 ind/km² (reproduktif), dan 26,31 ind/km² (post-reproduktif), sehingga membentuk piramida pasu/kendi terganggu namun populasi kecapi dalam keadaan stabil dan tidak kritis karena terdapat lebih dari 25 individu dewasa dalam 1 km²
KORELASI KEPADATAN LALU LINTAS TERHADAP KADAR NITROGEN DIOKSIDA DAN KLOROFIL TALUS LIKEN PADA TEGAKAN POHON ANGSANA (Pterocarpus indicus) DI KAWASAN INDUSTRI MEDAN 2
Full text linkIndustrial areas are centers of economic activity that contribute significantly to air pollution, particularly Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂). This research aimed to explore the relationship between traffic density, NO₂ levels, and chlorophyll content in lichen thalli on Angsana trees (Pterocarpus indicus) in Medan Industrial Area 2. This quantitative descriptive study was conducted over three months, with lichen samples collected using purposive sampling method at two locations with different traffic densities. Data collection included measurements of traffic density, environmental parameters, lichen identification, NO₂ level analysis, and chlorophyll content measurement. The results showed a very strong positive correlation between traffic density and NO₂ levels in lichen thalli, and a strong negative correlation between traffic density and total chlorophyll content. A significant negative correlation was also found between NO₂ levels and total chlorophyll content in lichen thalli. Six lichen species from five families with two different thallus types were identified on Angsana trees, showing variations in coverage area and physiological responses to pollution levels. This study concludes that lichens are effective bioindicators for detecting NO₂ pollution in industrial areas with varying traffic densities.Kawasan industri merupakan pusat aktivitas ekonomi yang berkontribusi signifikan terhadap pencemaran udara, khususnya gas Nitrogen Dioksida (NO₂). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara kepadatan lalu lintas, kadar NO₂, dan kandungan klorofil talus liken pada tegakan pohon Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) di Kawasan Industri Medan 2. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini dilaksanakan selama tiga bulan dengan pengambilan sampel liken menggunakan metode purposive sampling pada dua lokasi dengan kepadatan lalu lintas berbeda. Pengumpulan data meliputi pengukuran kepadatan lalu lintas, parameter lingkungan, identifikasi liken, analisis kadar NO₂, dan pengukuran kadar klorofil talus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat korelasi positif yang sangat kuat antara kepadatan lalu lintas dengan kadar NO₂ pada talus liken, serta korelasi negatif yang kuat antara kepadatan lalu lintas dengan kadar klorofil total. Ditemukan juga korelasi negatif signifikan antara kadar NO₂ dengan kadar klorofil total pada talus liken. Enam spesies liken dari lima famili dengan dua tipe talus teridentifikasi pada tegakan pohon Angsana, dengan variasi luas tutupan dan respons fisiologis yang berbeda terhadap tingkat polusi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa liken merupakan bioindikator efektif untuk mendeteksi pencemaran NO₂ di kawasan industri dengan tingkat kepadatan lalu lintas berbeda
Insect Biodiversity In Tiger Camp, Lubuk Minturun: Padang, Indonesia
Full text linkThis study aims to explore insect diversity in the Tiger Camp area, Padang, through the analysis of three main indices: Diversity Index (H'), Dominance Index (D), and Balance Index (E). Data were collected through intensive field surveys, using insecnet (sweep net) and hand shorting insect capture methods. The results of the study obtained 117 individuals, 59 species, 22 families, and 6 orders which showed that the Diversity Index (H') in the Tiger Camp area was 3.79, indicating a high level of species diversity. The Dominance Index (D) value of 0.03 indicates that no species significantly dominated the insect community. The Equilibrium Index (E) of 0.97 indicated a very even distribution of insect individuals among different species. These findings indicate that the insect community at Tiger Camp, Padang, has high diversity and good ecological stability. The high values of diversity and balance, as well as low dominance, indicate that the habitat in this area supports a healthy and sustainable environment for a variety of insect species. This study highlights the importance of natural habitat conservation to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem balance in the area
OPTIMALISASI ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH 2,4-D DAN BAP PADA PROLIFERASI KALUS KOPI LIBERIKA (COFFEA LIBERICA) SECARA IN VITRO.
Full text linkCoffee is one of the strategic plantation commodities that has high economic value and an important role in the national economy. Among the various types of coffee cultivated in Indonesia, Coffea liberica has great development potential, especially in areas such as Jambi Province. However, conventional propagation of Liberica coffee plants through seeds orcuttings still faces obstacles, such as low success rates and slow growth rates. Therefore, tissue culture techniques are an alternative solution to produce Liberika coffee seedlings in bulk, quickly, and uniformly. This study aims to optimize the effect of growth regulator (ZPT) concentration interaction of auxin (2,4-D) and cytokinin (BAP) on liberica coffee callusformation in vitro. Experiments were conducted at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Jambi University, using a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor is the concentration of 2,4-D which consists of two levels, namely 1 ppm (d1) and 2 ppm (d2). The second factor is the concentration of BAP which consists of five levels, namely 1 ppm (b1), 2 ppm (b2), 3 ppm (b3), 4 ppm (b4), and 5 ppm (b5). Parameters observed included color, structure, size, and callus weight after 12 weeks of culture. The results showed that the interaction between 2,4-D and BAP significantly affected all observation parameters. Callus with the highest size (2.66 cm) and weight (2.90 g) were obtained in the combination of 1 ppm 2,4-D + 4 ppm BAP and 2 ppm 2,4-D + 1 ppm BAP respectively. The callus was yellowishwhite to green and had a crumbly or compact structure, depending on the ZPT combination. In conclusion, a balanced combination of ZPT concentrations greatly determines the success of Liberika coffee callus proliferation, and the results of this study provide an essential basis for the development of efficient coffee tissue culture.Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan strategis yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi serta peran penting dalam perekonomian nasional. Di antara berbagai jenis kopi yang dibudidayakan di Indonesia, Coffea liberica memiliki potensi pengembangan yang besar, terutama di daerah seperti Provinsi Jambi. Namun, perbanyakan tanaman kopi liberika secara konvensional melalui biji atau stek masih menghadapi kendala, seperti rendahnya tingkat keberhasilan dan laju pertumbuhan yang lambat. Oleh karena itu, teknik kultur jaringan menjadi solusi alternatif untuk menghasilkan bibit kopi liberika secara massal, cepat, dan seragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan pengaruh interaksi konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) auksin (2,4-D) dan sitokinin (BAP) terhadap pembentukan kalus kopi liberika secara in vitro. Eksperimen dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Tanaman, Universitas Jambi, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi 2,4-D yang terdiri atas dua taraf, yaitu 1 ppm (d1) dan 2 ppm (d2). Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi BAP yang terdiri atas lima taraf, yaitu 1 ppm (b1), 2 ppm (b2), 3 ppm (b3), 4 ppm (b4), dan 5 ppm (b5). Parameter yang diamati meliputi warna, Struktur, ukuran, dan berat kalori setelah 12 minggu kultur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara 2,4-D dan BAP berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap seluruh parameter pengamatan. Kalus dengan ukuran (2,66 cm) dan berat (2,90 g) tertinggi diperoleh pada kombinasi 1 ppm 2,4-D + 4 ppm BAP dan 2 ppm 2,4-D + 1 ppm BAP secara berurutan. Kalus berwarna putih kegelapan hingga hijau dan memiliki struktur remah atau kompak tergantung kombinasi ZPT. Kesimpulannya, kombinasi konsentrasi ZPT yang seimbang sangat menentukan keberhasilan proliferasi kalus kopi liberika, dan hasil penelitian ini memberikan dasar penting dalam pengembangan kultur jaringan kopi secara efisie