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Diversity of ABO blood groups, ethnic groups, and medical histories of university students in Indonesia
Full text link. Blood group systems are heritable characteristics controlled by multiple alleles that determine the presence of antigens A, B, or the absence of antigens (O). These systems are crucial in categorizing humans' four main blood groups. ABO blood groups have been identified to correlate with evolution, migration, local adaptations, dietary patterns, and human diseases. Unfortunately, this knowledge is poorly known in Indonesia. Therefore, we initiate this study to record university students' blood groups' diversity through the frequency of ABO alleles, ethnicities, and medical histories through questionnaires. The data analysis involved the responses of 992 students aged 17 to 23 from IPB University. The ABO estimator version 17.3 and Program R ver. 3.6.3 were utilized for data analysis, with the sample size determined using the Slovin formula. Our analysis revealed allele frequencies of 0.19 for IA, 0.20 for IB, and 0.61 for IO. The O blood group exhibited the highest prevalence, while the AB blood group was the rarest. Individuals with the O blood group identified as Javanese and Sundanese were more likely to have histories related to typhoid/typhoid symptoms and dengue fever. Individuals with O and B blood groups from the Sundanese population experienced allergies. In contrast, those with blood group B from the Javanese population were more prone to gastric ulcers and asthma. There are no significant differences between ethnicities for each illness record except asthma. All ABO blood groups for each illness record show significant differences with a weak correlation between the blood groups and type of illness
Application of optimized Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus on coconut milk in the production of niyoghurt
Full text linkThis research aimed to optimize the growth of commercial yogurt starter cultures (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) on coconut milk before they were applied in the production of coconut yogurt, which is known as niyogurt or cocogurt. The research consists of three steps. Firstly, both microbes were grown on 100% cows milk and were analyzed for pH and total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to examine the length of fermentation time. Secondly, both microbes were gradually grown on cows milk and coconut milk media, with samples ranging in combinations of the two kinds of milk from 100% milk to 100% coconut milk. Finally, the optimized starter cultures were then applied to niyogurt production. The results showed that the pH of the starter cultures obtained in 100% milk after 48 hours of fermentation was 4.410.04 for Streptococcus thermophilus and 4.440.03 for Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Meanwhile, the total lactic acid bacteria counts were 8.623.03 log cfu/ml for Streptococcus thermophilus and 9.552.22 log cfu/ml for Lactobacillus bulgaricus. These results showed that both commercial starter cultures need long periods to reach the targeted pH and total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) suggesting that enrichment was needed before commercial starter cultures were used. Furthermore, after analyzing six samples of growth on different ratios of milk and coconut milk, it was seen that both starters could grow optimally on 100% coconut milk. The total LAB after 24 hours of fermentation was 11.07 log cfu/ml with pH 4.05. Based on chemical and microbiological analyses, the characteristics of niyogurt have met Indonesias Standard for food consumption (SNI 2981:2009). The niyogurt consisted of 3.15% protein content, 8.3% fat content, 0.83% total acid, 0.76% mineral content, and 11.48 log cfu/ml total LAB
Antiseptic activity assay of ethanolic extract of Acehs rambutan rind (Nephelium lappaceum L.) against Staphylococcus aureus and its formulation as hand sanitizer gel
Full text linkThe hands are one of the most susceptible parts of the human body to bacterial infection. One way to maintain health is to maintain hand hygiene. Ethanolic rambutan rind extract from Aceh province has been studied in order to determine if it can inhibit bacterial growth. This research was conducted to determine the antiseptic activity of the ethanol extract of rambutan rind against Stahpylococcus aureus by determining the phenol coefficient and determining whether the ethanolic extract of Acehs rambutan rind can be formulated into a hand sanitizer gel. Antiseptic activity testing was performed using the Rideal-Walker method which was carried out in 5 dilutions (1:100, 1:150, 1:200, 1:250 and 1:300). The absorbance measurement showed that the extract could act as an antiseptic, at a concentration of 1% and at a dilution of 1:200 which has phenol coefficient of 1.67. The ethanolic extract of Acehs rambutan rind can be formulated in the form of a hand sanitizer gel using 1% Carbopol as gelling agent. The results showed that the gel was brown with a distinctive menthol odor and changed into a dark brown color after a cycling test. The evaluation results of all formulas appropriated the requirements except for adhesion parameter. The results of the irritation test showed that the volunteers did not experience any signs of irritation. The results of the preference test showed that the respondents liked the shape and aroma parameters but not the color parameter
Composition and similarity of vegetation types in the Mount Seulawah Agam geothermal area, Aceh Besar District
Full text linkThe Mount Seulawah Agam area is an active volcanic area that has an impact on the emergence of symptoms of volcanism. Such environmental conditions will cause the vegetation that grows in the area to be unique and not commonly found in other areas. Apart from that, the area is still relatively natural and has not experienced much disturbance by human activities. This study aims to determine the composition and similarity of vegetation types in the geothermal area of Mount Seulawah Agam, Aceh Besar District. Data collection in the field was carried out using the multiple square method which was placed in a stratified sampling based on the specified soil temperature zone. Each zone was laid out in 4 square plots in a systematic random manner. Each plant contained in the observation plot is recorded in the name of the plant species using a flora identification book, and the number of individuals of each type is recorded. Data analysis was carried out using the Important Value Index analysis, and the Sorenson Similarity Index. The results showed that there were 65 species from 611 individual plants identified starting from the growth rate of seedlings, sapling, poles, and trees. The similarity index of plant species at each growth stage in the Seulawah Agam geothermal area, Aceh Besar District generally has different species similarity in each observation zone, that is, the average is below 50%. This condition indicates that there are significant differences in plant structure at various growth rates in each zon
Application of Poisson and negative binomials models to estimate the frequency of insurance claims
Full text linkGeneralized Linear Models (GLMs) are a modeling approach that allows the modeling of nonlinear behaviors and non-Gaussian distributions of residues. This approach is very useful for general insurance analysis, where the frequency of claims and the amount of claims distributions are usually non-Gaussian. In this article, the application of Poisson and Negative Binomial models to estimate the frequency of claims of auto insurance is discussed. The accuracy of the models was compared to choose the best model for determining pure insurance premiums using R software. The data used are a secondary dataset which is the motor vehicle insurance dataset from Sweden named dataOhlsson and the motor vehicle dataset from Australia named ausprivauto0405. The results of the exploration of the GLMs model are that Poisson's GLM and Negative Binomial models both are suitable models for estimating the number of claims for the dataOhlsson dataset. Both models have relatively similar parameter estimates, as well as the AIC and BIC values for the dataOhlsson dataset, however, both models are not suitable for estimating the number of claims for the ausprivauto0405 dataset. More investigation using different models is needed to ensure which model is more appropriate for estimating the frequency of insurance claims
Agronomical traits performance and variability of the SSD F4 mungbean population
Full text linkGenetic variability is critical in order to create candidates for new superior varieties. This research objective was to evaluate the performance and variability of agronomical traits on the mungbean SSD F4 V422H/129 population. The research was conducted at IPB University, Bogor, from March to June 2021. The SSD F4 VR422H/129 population (378 genotypes with single plant as a representative of one genotype) and five check varieties were evaluated. The treatments were arranged in augmented design for RCBD in three replications. For agronomical traits, every F4 plant and 10 sample plants for each check variety were observed. Statistical analysis includes mean, frequency-distribution, heritability, genetic variability, correlation. The days to flowering, days to harvesting, generative periods, plant height on F4 V422H/129 were not significantly different from Vima 5, while total pod number, total pod weight, total seed weight, pod length were significantly higher. The agronomical traits were affected by genetic factors (heritability 0.71-0.99%), except for days to harvest. Based on the high genetic variability (CGV 0.62-0.64%), it was possible to select of total pod weight, total seed weight, or pod length in the next generation V422H/129. The total seed weight had a significant positive correlation with total pod weight and pod length
Generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) method in evaluating service satisfaction at FMIPA Syiah Kuala University
Full text linkThis research focuses on the Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) method in evaluating service satisfaction at FMIPA Syiah Kuala University (USK). FMIPA USK is expected to have good service quality to satisfy stakeholders with the services provided. FMIPA USK needs to know the factors that affect service satisfaction. An internal survey of the integrity zone is one way to determine the quality and satisfaction of the services provided by FMIPA USK. However, this survey uses indirect variables, so the structural equation model (SEM) can be used. The SEM method used in this study is component-based SEM, namely Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA). GSCA is used because questionnaires do not fulfill existing assumptions in general research, and the GSCA method does not require many assumptions. This research aims to form a model, determine the relationship between indicators and latent variables, and know the relationship between latent variables and the factors significantly affecting student satisfaction with services at FMIPA USK. The results of this study show that the indicators used are valid and reliable. Reliability, assurance, empathy, and tangibles is a factor that affects service satisfaction. Models formed in this study have a GFI value of 0.962 and SRMR of 0.365, so the model used is suitable