Jurnal Natural
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Genetic diversity of local sweet potato cultivars (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) from Bulungan, North Kalimantan based on morphological characters
Full text linkIndonesia is one of the centers of sweet potato diversity worldwide. Sweet potatoes have the potential to be developed for food consumption. This research aims to determine the diversity of sweet potato cultivars, their morphological characteristics, and the relationships between local sweet potato cultivars in Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan. The local sweet potato cultivars were selected using purposive sampling with the exploration method. The morphological characterization of the samples is based on IBPGR (International Board for Plant Genetic Resources) standards. Cluster analysis was conducted to identify the relationships using MVSP software version 3.1. The research identified 27 local sweet potato cultivars in Bulungan Regency. Morphological characterization revealed 41 characters that can differentiate each local sweet potato cultivar. The most influential characteristics include leaf shape, flower surface texture, the position of the stigma, flower surface color, back petal color, center shape and the number of lobes, primary leaf vein color, lobe type, main leaf bone color, stem internode length, and plant type. A flower shape that had not been discovered before, a pentagonal shape with curves, was identified. Cluster analysis divided the cultivars into two major groups with a coefficient range of 0.593 to 0.888 (59.3 to 88.8%). Cluster A consisted of one member, LK-7 (purple sweet potato), while Cluster B consisted of several subgroups with 26 local cultivars. The people of Bulungan Regency use these local cultivars for food, animal feed, and medicinal purposes
Factors affecting the happiness level in Southeast Asia countries with a multilevel approach
Full text linkThe level of the populations well-being can be measured by using a subjective well-being indicator which is called happiness, which can be affected by various factors from individuals. However, the background of individuals in a group cannot be ignored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors that affect the level of happiness in Southeast Asian countries at the individual and country levels. Data came from World Value Survey (WVS) Wave 7 with 11,387 individuals from the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Data were analyzed using an ordinal response multilevel model with the level of happiness as a response variable. The results showed that the happiness level was affected by gender, marital status, health status, income, religiosity, education level, life satisfaction, and freedom of choice. However, age at the individual level and variables at the country level did not affect the happiness level
Potential of frangipani flower (Plumeria sp.) as a source of antibacterial and antioxidants and its application in the pharmacological activities
Full text linkFrangipani (Plumeria spp.) was a flowering ornamental plant with several metabolites that can be used as traditional medicine for various diseases such as laxative, anti-itch, anti-inflammatory, diabetic, and malaria. The Frangipani flower showed antibacterial activity against E.coli, P.aeruginosa, S.aureus, C.albicans, S.pyogenes, S.typhi, B.pumilus, B.subtilis, S.dysenteriae, P.mirabilis, P.fluorescens, B.cereus, S.flexneri, and M.furfur. Frangipani flowers also have high antioxidant activity due to their significant phenol and flavonoid content. This study provided an overview of the application of Frangipani flowers for pharmaceutical purposes
Identification ratio of Si/Ti and Ca/Ti content by X-Ray Fluorescence in tsunami soil samples
Full text linkEarthquakes and tsunamis natural disasters have repeatedly occurred on the coast of Aceh province, which lies between the confluence of two plates. The tsunami deposits in this area can provide important information regarding the reconstruction of marine attacks by past earthquakes and tsunamis. In general, tsunami deposits can be identified based on their geological, sedimentological, paleontological, and geochemical characteristics. In our research work, spectrometry X-ray fluorescence (XRF) has been utilized to investigate the geochemical signatures of tsunami-affected soil samples in Aceh province at three tsunami-impacted areas, namely Aceh Besar regency, Banda Aceh City, and Aceh Barat regency. The sampling point is located about a kilometer from the coastal line. Our findings indicate that tsunami-affected soils in Aceh Province after 10 years struck by tsunami contain terrestrial markers such as Fe and Ti, carbonate markers (Mg, Ca), and heavy metals elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Sr). On the other hand, in our study, the concentration ratios of several elements such as Si/Ti and Ca/Ti seem most suitable as a chemical signature for differentiating environmental conditions such as the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami event. It could be noticed that geochemical analysis by XRF can be applied to characterize the tsunami-affected soils in several coastal areas of Aceh province
Study of mathematical models of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications
Full text linkThe rapid increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) cases in Indonesia, driven by hereditary factors and unhealthy lifestyles, poses significant health challenges. This study develops a compartmental model to analyze the progression of type 2 DM and the onset of complications, classifying individuals into susceptible, patients without complications, patients with complications, and those disabled due to complications. The model examines the influence of two key factors on the recovery from complications: habitual factors, including medication adherence, physical activity, dietary habits, smoking history, and environmental factors, such as stress levels, environmental support, patient trust, and compliance. The results indicate that habitual factors have a more substantial impact on mitigating complications compared to environmental factors, suggesting that lifestyle interventions are crucial in improving patient outcomes. The model also shows that an increase in behavioral interactions leading to disease progression results in instability, emphasizing the need for early and consistent behavioral interventions. This research offers valuable insights for healthcare providers and policymakers. By identifying the most influential factors in managing complications, the model can guide the development of targeted interventions that prioritize habitual changes, such as medication adherence and physical activity. Public health strategies can be tailored to emphasize the importance of these habitual factors, potentially reducing the burden of type 2 DM complications. Overall, this study highlights the critical role of personalized, behavior-focused interventions in the management and prevention of complications in patients with type 2 DM, offering a practical framework for improving patient care
In vitro potential control of white root fungus in nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) based on botanical fungicide of coconut shell liquid smoke
Full text linkNutmeg (Myristica fragrans) is spice plant which has an important position as a source of essential oils. An important problem in nutmeg cultivation is white root disease which can reduce nutmeg production. Until now, white root disease is still a problem in nutmeg plantations in South Aceh district. One of the solution that can be explored as an environmentally friendly control measure is to use the botanical fungicide coconut shell liquid smoke. This research aims to determine the potential of coconut shell liquid smoke in controlling white root fungus in vitro. The research was carried out in the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Teuku Umar University. The research design used was a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of nine levels of liquid smoke concentration treatment; control 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%. Each treatment involved three replications. Data analysis was carried out using analysis of variance and Tukey's least significant difference (HSD) test.The research stages carried out consisted of producing coconut shell liquid smoke, isolating white root fungus from the roots of infected nutmeg plants and potential assay of liquid smoke in inhibiting the growth of white root fungus. In vitro bioassay result showed that liquid smoke treatment 3% was the best treatment because it was the lowest concentration causing total inhibition of the growth of white root fungus
Antioxidant ativity of dichloromethane extract from cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L.)
Full text linkTheobroma cacao L. is a plant that is reported to have strong antioxidant potential. A study was carried out to determine the antioxidant activity of dichloromethane extract of cocoa pod husk using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The cocoa pod husk was macerated using n-hexane, ammonia-dichloromethane, and methanol. The TCD extract of cocoa pod husk showed the lowest IC50 value of 14.59 0.54 ppm based on the DPPH inhibition assay. The dichloromethane extract was isolated by gravity column chromatography with Silica gel G60 as the stationary phase andn-hexane: ethyl acetate as the mobile phase (gradient elution system). Fractions with identical staining patterns were combined into six fractions (TCD 1-TCD 6). The TCD 6 showed the lowest IC50 value of 127.05 0.54 ppm according to the DPPH inhibition assay. Based on the TLC results, TCD 4 was further isolated and four fractions (TCD 4.1 to TCD 4.4) were obtained. The TCD 4.4 had the lowest IC50 value (38.66 0.96 ppm).The TCD extract showed the presence of the dominant compound, -sitosterol, as determined by GC-MS analysis
Diet of White-throated Kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis [Linnaeus, 1758]: Alcedinidae: Coraciiformes) inferred from pictorial postings in social media
Full text linkWhite-throated kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis (family Alcedinidae, order Coraciiformes) is known to distribute widely in Asia, including Sinai Peninsula, South Asia, China, until Southeast Asia. As each population has become resident to their respective range, it has adapted to its environment which effect on diet they eat. Recall that the wide distribution of this kingfisher, it is difficult to do field survey to observe the range of its dietary. This study aims to do an inventory on the diet of white-throated kingfisher by using social media as survey platform. Instagram and Facebook were surveyed by making inquiries using keywords such as white-throated kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis, and other terms related to this kingfisher species. The query specifically sought pictorial postings instead of non-pictorial ones, in order to analyze preys classification. More than 1,200 posts were retrieved from the two social media, yet only 89 posts counted as they showed predation activities by this species. Identification on the preys signifies that they consist of arthropods (27.0%), fishes (19.1%), amphibians (13.5%), reptiles (20.2%), other birds (6.7%), mammal (1.1%) and unknown prey items (12.4%). Including into these preys were monitor lizard, munia, locusts, crickets, beetles, cockroaches, and snails which may become pests in agricultural area. The wide array of diet consumed by white-throated kingfisher not only proves its opportunistic nature in preying food items, nevertheless it also provides opportunity to use this bird as natural biological control in agricultural system
Multi-drug resistance-1 (MDR-1) gene expression in MCF-7 cells after treated with doxorubicin-deoxyelephantopin combination and prediction of inhibitory activity against Pgp receptors with in silico
Full text linkDoxorubicin chemotherapy has been a strong focus in breast cancer research. Side effects, toxicity and resistance have been extensively studied. One proposed solution to these issues that its combination with deoxyelephantopin. Deoxyelephantopin is known to be toxic in many cancer cells but safe in normal cells. IC50 of each compound were determined by using a MTT assay, and the MDR-1 gene mRNA expression were determined by using qPCR method, while the interaction of doxorubicin in combination with deoxyelephantonin on Pgp receptor were predicted by using an in silico approach. The IC50 of deoxyelephantopin was found to be 11.2 g/mL, while IC50 of doxorubicin was 448 nM IC50 values showed a deoxyelephantopin-doxorubicin combination was able to reduce MDR-1 expression by 19% compared to doxorubicin and IC50 values indicated that the combination formula reduced the expression by 15% over doxorubicin alone. The affinity of doxorubicin and deoxyelephantopin is -12.16 kcal/mol and -9.51 kcal/mol, respectively, while the affinity of doxorubicin after combine with deoxyelephantopin decreases from -12,16 kcal/mol to -11,25 kcal/mol due to the release of one Leu 221 hydrogen bond. The combination of doxorubicin with deoxyelephantopin is able to reduce expression and suppress the function of the Pgp protein