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DIVERSITY OF FEED PLANTS OF SUMATRAN ELEPHANT HABITATS (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS SUMATRANUS) IN JANTHO PINUS NATURE RESERVE, ACEH BESAR DISTRICT
Get PDFThis research conducted to identify the kinds of feed plants sumatran elephant which is the main component of elephant habitats .The purpose of this research was to obtain data about kinds of feed plants sumatran elephant and analyzes the species diversity. The study conducted with analysis vegetation use of systematic sampling methods at any community different vegetation .The research results recorded there are 75 species of feed plants from 269 species of plants found , which means 28% plants in the study locations is a source of feed for sumatran elephants. The data was obtained show that the number of species to spread of feed plants of elephant more on a community of I , a number of 36 species of all level vegetation began to the seedling, sapling, pole and tree; while community II and III each 30 and 23 species . Community IV and V had the same number of feed plants species, a number of 31 species . Based on the analysis of the diversity of species to feed plants of elephant, shows that community III have index the diversity of species ( H = 4,53; Hmax = 5,17 ) higher than other locations
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HEMATITE (Fe2O3) EXTRACTED FROM IRON ORE BY PRECIPITATION METHOD
Get PDFIndonesia has a lot of mining material of iron ore that could be used for various purposes in the steel industry or for other. This research, has synthesized and characterization of hematite from local iron ore from Lhoong area by precipitation mechanism. The iron ore powder was magnetic separation with magnet then mixed with HCl and NH4OH. Then, it was dried at temperature of 150 C and calcinated at 500 C for 2 hours. Characterizations were perfomed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). As the results, it was found that the magnetic separation iron ore showed the composition of Fe2O3 (95.99%), SiO2 (2.10%). Then, by precipitation mechanism, the composition of Fe2O3 found around 96.58%. Next, the synthesis result are characterized with XRD show that the main phase is dominan in iron ore of Lhoong is hematit (Fe2O3). Scherrer calculations showed that precipitation mechanism to reducing grain size, the process of magnetic separation (58.009 m) and the precipitation mechanism (20.950 m.
EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF EDIBLE FILM FROM JANENG STARCH CHITOSAN
Get PDFThe interest in the development of edible and biodegradable films has increased because it is every day more evident that non degradable are doing much damage to the environment. In this research, edible films were based on blends of janeng starch in different proportions, added of palm oil or glycerol, which were used as plasticizers. The objective was to study the effect of two different plasticizers, palm oil and glycerol of edible film from janeng starchchitosan on the mechanical properties and FTIR spectra. Increasing concentration of glycerol as plasticizer resulted tend to increased tensile strength and elongation at break. The tensile strength and elongation at break values for palm oil is higher than glycerol as plasticizer at the same concentration. FTIR spectra show the process of making edible film from janeng starchchitosan with palm oil or glycerol as plasticizers are physically mixing in the presence of hydrogen interactions between chains
REFERENCE ON THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES: DENSITY AND VISCOSITY OF WATER FOR ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
Get PDFA reference on thermophysical properties, density and viscosity, for water at atmospheric pressure has been developed in MS Excel (as a macros). Pattersons density equations and Kestins viscosity equations have been chosen as a basic equation in the VBA programming as a user-defined function. These results have been compared with REFPROF as a wellknow standart referenc
UJI EFEKTIVITAS SEDIAAN GEL FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava Linn) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA TERBUKA PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus)
Get PDFGuava leaf has various benefits, one of them is accelerating the healing process of a wound. This study aims to formulate the ethyl acetate fraction into a gel form and test the effectiveness of gel formulation toward open wounds in 16 male mices (Mus musculus) which made excision 1 cm circular full thickness wound on the back of mice parallel with Os. vetebra. The ethyl acetate fraction of guava leaf has been made into concentrations of 5% and 7% with base gel used as negative control and Bioplacenton as positive control. The evaluation towards ethyl acetate fraction gels showed the gels have green-yellow color, guava odor, homogenous, relevant pH to the skin 6,31-6,51, and spread over 2,8-3 cm (stiff gel). The gels were applied onto the wounds twice a day for about 21 days. The observation was conducted every day towards the scab formation day, scab chipped day, and wound healing day. The data were analyzed statistically using one way ANOVA then continued with Tukey test. The average day for scab formation, scab chipped, and wound healing process, successively are in the negative control i.e. 6,50 ; 13,50 ; 20,25, then positive control of 3,75 ; 11,00 ; 17,25, for gel with 5% concentration, 3,75 ; 9,75 ; 16,50, and gel with 7% concentration, 4,50 ; 12,00 ; 18,25. The statistical result showed that the ethyl acetats fraction could accelerate the scab formation (p0,05) and the open-wound healing (p0,05) in mice than the control negative (p0,05), but not in the scab exfoliation (p0,05). Gel concentration 5% accelerated faster in forming the scab, flaking off the scab, and healing the wound compared with the gel concentration of 7%
PENENTUAN WAKTU MATI MEMANFAATKAN DERET HOMOLOG ALKILPARABEN PADA RP-HPLC DALAM SISTEM PELARUT METANOL/AIR
Get PDFPenelitian ini dalam rangka pengembangan dan aplikasi metode penentuan waktu mati (t0) pada Kromatografi Cair dari yang telah pernah dan berhasil diterapkan di GC. Waktu mati merupakan parameter yang sangat penting untuk penentuan parameter lain seperti Faktor kapasitas (k), retensi relative (tR) dan indeks retensi kovats (IR), sehingga didapat hasil berupa data base yang bisa diterapkan dalam intrumentasi GC dan RP-HPLC. Penentuan waktu mati dengan menggunakan dua metode yaitu metode iterasi dan metode linearisasi, sehingga didapat nilai indeks retensi kovats dari senyawa uji pada sistem RP-HPLC dengan menggunakan deret homolog alkilparaben. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan deret homolog alkilparaban terbukti dapat digunakan untuk penentuan indeks retensi Kovats dalam RP-HPLC dengan koefisien korelasi yang sangat baik terutama pada sistem pelarut MeHO/H2O (90:10)
THE EFFECT OF MAGNETITE (Fe3O4)CATALYST FROM IRON SANDS ON DESORPTION TEMPERATURE OF MgH2 HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIAL
Get PDFOne of the future technologies for a safe hydrogen storage media is metal hydrides. Currently, Mg-based metal hydride has a safety factor and efficient for vehicle applications. However, the thermodynamic properties of magnesium hydride (MgH2) found a relatively high temperature. High desorption temperatures caused MgH2 high thermodynamic stability resulting desorption enthalpy is also high. In this study, natural mineral (iron ore) has been extracted from iron sand into powder of magnetite (Fe3O4) and used as a catalyst in an effort to improve the desorption properties of MgH2. Magnetie has been successfully extracted from iron sand using precipitation method with a purity of 85 % , where the purity of the iron sand before extracted was 81%. Then, MgH2-Fe3O4 was milling using mechanical alloying method with a variety of catalysts and milling time. The observation by XRD showed the material was reduced to nanocrystalline scale. MgH2 phase appears as the main phase. DSC test results showed with the addition of Fe3O4, the desorption temperature can be reduced up to 366oC, compared to pure pure MgH2 reached by 409o C. Furthermore, based on gravimetric test, the hydrogen release occurs at a temperature of 388o C, weight loss of 0.66 mg during 16 minutes
Habitat Characteristics of Small-clawed Otter (Aonyx cinereus) in Ujong Nga, Samatiga,West Aceh
Get PDFSmall-clawed otter (Aonyx cinereus) is the smallest among the sub-family Lutrinae, today occurs population decrease of small-clawed otter caused by human activity, depletion of prey species, and exploitation. This research is done to learn physically and biologically of the habitat characteristic of small-clawed otter. Retrieval of data was held on 1-14 in April 2014. The parameters which used are the amount of tracks found in habitat that is used by the small-clawed otter in Ujong Nga village. The data is collected on small-clawed otter habitat in Ujong Nga and sample used are plot with measure of 30x30m and then divided into 8 plots. The result showed that the small-clawed otter selecting habitat unit with criteria (a) the type of habitat are field, swamp, thatch forest, and riverside; (b) the availabilty of many feed (1,33 tracks per plot), rare (0,33 tracks per plot), less (0,17 tracks per plot); (c) the tracks distance to the nest 0-25 m (1,66 tracks per plot), 25-50 m (1 tracks per plot), 50 m (0,5 tracks per plot); (d) the tracks distance to water source 0-25 m (2,16 tracks per plot), 25-50 m (0,5 tracks per plot), and for distance to 50 m track is not found; and(e) the tracks distance to toilet site0-25 m (1,16 tracks per plot), 25-50 m (0,5 tracks per plot), and 50 m (0,17 tracks per plot). The conclusion of this research habitat characteristic ofAonyx cinereusare fieldwithavailability of many feed, close to water source, clost to nest, and close to toilet site
The Influence of Coconut Water and Activated Charcoal in MS Medium on In Vitro Callus Regeneration of Dendrobium sp. Cultivar Bertha Chong Orchids
Get PDFDendrobium is one of the most commercial orchids. In Vitro technique is one of solution to fulfill the market demand of Dendrobium. Organic matters, such as coconut water, and activated charcoal are often given to in vitro medium to regenerate orchids callus. The addition of activated charcoal is not only adsorbing toxic substances but also organic matters. The aimof this researchistofindthe best combination for callus regeneration medium. The research was conducted at the Biological Cell and Molecular Laboratory, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty of Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh since March to November 2013. The method used is experimental with Completely Randomized Factorial Design with two factor; treatments of coconut water and activated charcoal. The result showed that the combinationof 150mL/Lcoconut waterand2,0g/Lactivated charcoal is the best resultbecauseit is the onlytreatment that have capability in producingplantletswithin60days
The Application of Fitness Sharing Method in Evolutionary Algorithm to Optimizing the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP)
Get PDFTravelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of complex optimization problem that is difficult to be solved, and require quite a long time for a large number of cities. Evolutionary algorithm is a precise algorithm used in solving complex optimization problem as it is part of heuristic method. Evolutionary algorithm, like many other algorithms, also experiences a premature convergence phenomenon, whereby variation is eliminated from a population of fairly fit individuals before a complete solution is achieved. Therefore it requires a method to delay the convergence. A specific method of fitness sharing called phenotype fitness sharing has been used in this research. The aim of this research is to find out whether fitness sharing in evolutionary algorithm is able to optimize TSP. There are two concepts of evolutionary algorithm being used in this research. the first one used single elitism and the other one used federated solution. The two concepts had been tested to the method of fitness sharing by using the threshold of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75. The result was then compared to a non fitness sharing method. The result in this study indicated that by using single elitism concept, fitness sharing was able to give a more optimum result for the data of 100-1000 cities. On the other hand, by using federation solution concept, fitness sharing can yield a more optimum result for the data above 1000 cities, as well as a better solution of data-spreading compared to the method without fitness sharing