Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan
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PEMANFAATAN ISOLAT BAKTERI DEKOMPOSER SEBAGAI BIOAKTIVATOR KOMPOS
No full textKompos merupakan pupuk organik yang berasal dari hasil pelapukan bahan-bahan organik. Proses pengomposan secara konvensional membutuhkan waktu yang lama sehingga diperlukan penambahan bioaktivator untuk mempercepat proses pengomposan. Environmental Technology and Security (ETS) section SEAMEO BIOTROP pada tahun 2023 menghasilkan BIOTROP Kompos (BIOPOS) sebagai hasil pengelolaan mandiri sampah dedaunan dan baglog jamur di SEAMEO BIOTROP. Namun, BIOPOS masih perlu dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk dilakukan eksplorasi bakteri dekomposer yang dapat dijadikan bioaktivator BIOPOS guna mempercepat proses pengomposan dan meningkatkan kualitas kompos yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi, karakterisasi, dan menguji efektivitas bakteri dekomposer sebagai bioaktivator BIOPOS dalam mendekomposisi bahan organik. Isolat bakteri BIOPB, BIOKB, BIOPI, KSCMI, dan TJCMB dikarakterisasi secara morfologi, fisiologi, dan biokimia. Metode eksperimental dilakukan dalam pembuatan dan pengaplikasian bioaktivator BIOPOS. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan isolat bakteri BIOPB, BIOKB, KSCMI, dan TJCMB berpotensi sebagai bakteri dekomposer. Isolat bakteri dekomposer lebih efektif dalam mendekomposisi bahan BIOPOS dibandingkan EM4 dilihat dari tingginya suhu BIOPOS yang mencapai 52°C.Compost is an organic fertilizer that comes from the weathering of organic materials. The conventional composting process takes a long time so the addition of bioactivators is needed to accelerate the compostng process. Environmental Technology and Security (ETS) section of SEAMEO BIOTROP in 2023 produced BIOTROP Compost (BIOPOS) as a result of self-management of leaf waste and mushroom baglogs at SEAMEO BIOTROP. However, BIOPOS still needs further development to explore decomposer bacteria that can be used as BIOPOS bioactivators to accelerate the composting process and improve the quality of the compost produced. This study aims to isolate, characterize, and test the effectiveness of decomposer bacteria as BIOPOS bioactivators in decomposing organic materials. Bacterial isolates BIOPB, BIOKB, BIOPI, KSCMI, and TJCMB were characterized morphologically, physiologically, and biochemically. Experimental methods were carried out in production and application of BIOPOS bioactivator. The characterization results showed that the bacterial isolates BIOPB, BIOKB, KSCMI, and TJCMB have potential as decomposer bacteria. The decomposer bacterial isolates were more effective in decomposing BIOPOS materials than EM4, as seen from the high temperature of BIOPOS which reached 52°C
Synthesis of Geopolymer-Zeolite Granule Composite from Local Raw Materials Using the Hydrothermal Method as Methylene Blue Adsorbent
Full text linkZeolit dikenal sebagai salah satu adsorben penukar kation dan memiliki kemampuan adsorpsi yang tinggi. Kedua fungsi zeolit tersebut berpeluang menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi limbah pewarna kationik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui nilai KTK dan kapasitas adsorpsi zeolit dalam menjerap metilen biru. Zeolit serbuk dibuat menggunakan metakaolin lokal dan ditambahkan NaOH maupun water glass dengan metode hidrotermal. Produk zeolit serbuk yang diperoleh dicampurkan dengan geopolimer membentuk komposit granul kecil dan granul besar. Hasil pencirian XRD dari produk sintetik yang diperoleh pada campuran metakaolin dan NaOH ialah zeolit NaA, sedangkan pada penambahan water glass dihasilkan zeolit NaX. Zeolit dalam bentuk serbuk maupun komposit granul geopolimer-zeolit menunjukkan kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) yang tinggi diatas 200 cmol/kg. Uji adsorpsi metilen biru pada masing-masing adsorben menunjukkan kapasitas adsorpsi zeolit NaA, zeolit NaX, komposit granul kecil dan granul besar geopolimer-zeolit NaA, serta komposit granul kecil dan granul besar geopolimer-zeolit NaX secara berurutan sebesar 30.81 mg g-1, 32.84 mg g-1, 53.29 mg g-1, 51.64 mg g-1, 38.32 mg g-1, 54.22 mg g-1dan 48.81 mg g-1.Zeolite is known as a cation exchange adsorbent and has high adsorption capabilities. These two functions of zeolite have the opportunity to be a solution in dealing with cationic dye waste. The aim of this research was to determine the CEC value and adsorption capacity of zeolite in adsorbing methylene blue. Zeolite powder is made using local metakaolin and added NaOH or water glass using the hydrothermal method. The powdered zeolite product obtained was mixed with geopolymer to form a composite of small granules and large granules. The results of XRD characterization of the synthetic product obtained from a mixture of metakaolin and NaOH were NaA zeolite, while the addition of water glass resulted in NaX zeolite. Zeolite in powder form or geopolymer-zeolite granule composite shows a high cation exchange capacity (CEC) above 200 cmol/kg. The methylene blue adsorption test on each adsorbent showed that the adsorption capacities of NaA zeolite, NaX zeolite, NaA geopolymer-zeolite small granule and large granule composites, and NaX geopolymer-zeolite small granule and large granule composites were respectively 30.81 mg g-1, 32.84 mg g-1, 53.29 mg g-1, 51.64 mg g-1, 38.32 mg g-1, 54.22 mg g-1 and 48.81 mg g-1
Sintesis Granul Komposit Zeolit-Geopolimer dan Adsorpsinya pada Metilen Biru
Full text linkIndonesia merupakan salah satu produsen industri tekstil terbesar di Asia Tenggara. Produksi barang tekstil yang tinggi dan kurang memadainya proses pengelolaan limbah cair tekstil membuat Indonesia menjadi negara dengan limbah cair industri tekstil terbesar di Asia Tenggara. Salah satu teknik pengelolaan limbah pewarna yakni dengan menggunakan bahan adsorben seperti zeolit. Pada penelitian ini, zeolit dikompositkan dengan geopolimer dan dibentuk menjadi granul agar memiliki kemampuan adsorpsi dan ketahanan yang tinggi. Komposit disintesis dengan mencampurkan zeolit, metakaolin, dan natrium silikat (Na2SiO3), kemudian dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 100 °C selama 2 jam. Sampel-sampel yang digunakan kemudian diuji adsorpsi pada metilen biru. Prekursor sampel dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD serta SEM. Hasil pengujian adsorpsi menunjukkan bahwa komposit granul zeolit-geopolimer memiliki kemampuan adsorpsi sebesar 52,68 mg/g untuk granul kecil dan 20,85 mg/g untuk granul besar sehingga dapat diaplikasikan pada lingkungan perairan.Indonesia is one of the largest textile industrial producers in Southeast Asia. The high production of textile goods and the inadequate processing of textile wastewater have made Indonesia is the country which has the largest textile industry wastewater in Southeast Asia. Textile liquid waste, which is mostly dye waste, needs to be managed so that it does not have a negative impact when the liquid waste is released into the waters. One of the dye waste management techniques is by using adsorbent materials such as zeolite. In this study, zeolite was composited with geopolymer and formed into granules in order to have high adsorption capacity and resistance. The composite was synthesized by mixing zeolite, metakaolin and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), then dried in an oven at 100 °C for 2 hours. The samples used were then tested for adsorption on methylene blue. Sample precursors were also characterized using XRD and SEM. The results of the adsorption test showed that the zeolite-geopolymer granule composite has an adsorption capacity of 52.68 mg/g for small granules and 20.85 mg/g for large granules so that it can be applied in aquatic environments.and could be applied to aquatic environments
Estimation of Rice Age in Sentinel-2 Image with Gaussian Mixture Model Approach
Full text linkPemantauan fase tumbuh atau umur tanaman padi dilakukan untuk memperkirakan luas panen dan produksi tanaman padi. Teknologi penginderaan jauh dapat melakukan pemantauan umur tanaman padi salah satunya menggunakan citra Sentinel-2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi umur tanaman padi, dan memetakann dan memantau sebaran spasio temporal umur padi dengan klasifikasi GMM pada citra multi-temporal Sentinel-2. Klasifikasi GMM merupakan salah satu metode yang sederhana dengan basis fungsi kepadatan. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan sawah Dinas Pertanian, Perkebunan, Pangan, dan Hortikultura Kabupaten Cianjur, Provinsi Jawa Barat dengan waktu pengamatan dari bulan Mei - Agustus 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respons spektral temporal berbeda antara kanal tampak mata (biru, hijau, dan merah) dan kanal inframerah dekat, dimana ke-3 kanal tampak mata memiliki pola yang serupa dengan nilai yang lebih rendah dari kanal inframerah dekat. Klasifikasi GMM dapat menunjukkan adanya kontinuitas kelas umur padi pada setiap akuisisi citra dari 0 - 130 hari setelah tanam, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk memantau umur atau fase tumbuh padi.Monitoring the growth phase or age of rice is carried out to estimate the harvest area and production of rice plants. Remote sensing technology can monitor the age of rice plants, one of which is using Sentinel-2 imagery. This research aims to identify the age of rice plants, and to map/monitor the spatio-temporal distribution of rice age using GMM classification on multi-temporal Sentinel-2 images. The GMM classification is a simple method based on density function. The research was carried out in rice fields at the Agency of Agriculture, Plantation, Food and Horticulture, Cianjur Regency, West Java Province, with observation periods from May - August 2021. The results of the research showed that the temporal spectral response was different between the visible band (blue, green and red) and the near infrared band, where the 3 visible bands have a similar pattern with a lower value than the near infrared band. Result of GMM classification can show the continuity of rice age classes at each image acquisition from 0 - 130 days after planting, so it can be used to monitor the age or growth phase of rice
Effects of Steel Slag, Fly Ash and Bottom Ash on the Growth of Rice Plant in Peat Soil
Full text linkKegiatan industri di Indonesia menghasilkan limbah seperti steel slag, fly ash dan bottom ash yang mengandung hara makro, mikro dan benefisial. Limbah industri tersebut mampu meningkatkan kualitas tanah seperti tanah gambut. Namun bahan limbah tersebut juga mengandung logam berat beracun yang perlu dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh steel slag, fly ash dan bottom ash terhadap sifat kimia tanah gambut, pertumbuhan padi (varietas IR 64), hasil produksi dan kandungan logam berat beracun pada beras. Bahan pembenah tanah yang digunakan pada masing-masing perlakuan adalah 0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 dan 10,0% dari berat kering oven tanah. Percobaan inkubasi menunjukkan penambahan steel slag dan fly ash dapat meningkatkan pH tanah, ketersediaan Ca, Mg dan Si. Sementara itu, perlakuan bottom ashhanya sedikit memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah gambut. Pada percobaan rumah kaca, aplikasi steel slag, fly ash dan bottom ash pada tanah gambut dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman padi dan hasil produksi. Respon positif padi berhubungan dengan peningkatan pH tanah gambut dan ketersediaan Si, Ca dan Mg yang berasal dari pembenah tanah. Beras yang dihasilkan tidak mengandung Pb tetapi mengandung Cd. Kandungan Cd pada beras masih berada dalam batas maksimum yang diizinkan untuk cemaran logam berat pada beras yang disosoh menurut SNI 6128:2020.Industrial activities in Indonesia generate waste such as steel slag, fly ash and bottom ash which contain macro, micro and beneficial nutrients. These industrial wastes are able to improve the quality of soil such as peat soil. However, these waste materials also contain toxic heavy metals that need to be assessed. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of steel slag, fly ash and bottom ash on the chemical properties of peat soil, the growth of rice plant (IR 64 variety), yield production and content of toxic heavy metals in rice. The ameliorant applied in each treatment were 0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 and 10,0% of the oven-dry soil weight. The incubation experiments showed that the addition of steel slag and fly ash was able to increase pH, available Ca, Mg and Si. Meanwhile bottom ash treatment only slightly improved the chemical properties of peat soil. In the green house experiment, the addition of steel slag, fly ash and bottom ash to peat soil was able to improve the growth of rice plant and yield production. The positive response of rice plants was related to increasing peat soil pH and availability of Si, Ca and Mg derived from the soil amendments. The rice did not contain Pb but contained Cd metals. Cd content in rice was within the maximum permissible limit for the heavy metal contaminants in the rice polished according to SNI 6128:2020
Remediation Of Lead and Cadmium Contaminated Soil Using Fly Ash and Organic Materials
Full text linkAgricultural soils that are close to industrial areas are prone to be polluted by lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) caused by industrial waste. Soil remediation is a method to clean the soil from pollutant materials. Utilizing fly ash and organic matter is a way to reduce levels of Pb and Cd pollution in the soil. This research was conducted to study the effect of ameliorants on reducing the availability of Pb and Cd in soil. The greenhouse experiment was carried out using a randomized block design with the application of 3 types of ameliorants, namely fly ash, chicken manure, and cow manure. The experimental design was prepared with 2 dose levels, namely C: control; F1: 450g; F2: 600g; A1: 75g; A2: 105g; S1: 105g; S2: 135g; FAS1: 450 g+75 g+105 g; FAS2: 600g+105g+135g. Each treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 27 experimental units. The experimental results showed that the effect of the treatment of fly ash, chicken manure, and cow manure significantly increased soil pH, KB, C-organic, and exchangeable bases as well as reduced levels of availability of Pb and Cd compared to controls. The use of single fly ash (F1 and F2) reduces the availability of Pb in the soil, while the available Cd decreased in the application of a combination of fly ash with chicken and cow manure (FAS1 and FAS2). The application of fly ash alone was able to reduce the availability of Pb and Cd which was higher than of chicken manure and cow manure alone. However, the provision of fly ash has not been able to increase the growth of kale plants.
Keywords: Cd, fly ash, chicken manure, cow manure, Pb, remediationTanah lahan pertanian yang berada dekat dengan kawasan industri rentan tercemar oleh timbal (Pb) dan cadmium (Cd), disebabkan oleh limbah industri tersebut. Remediasi tanah merupakan Upaya yang dilakukan untuk membersihkan tanah dari bahan-bahan pencemar. Pemanfaatan fly ash dan bahan organik merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengurangi kadar pencemaran Pb dan Cd dalam tanah. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh dari amelioran untuk menurunkan kadar ketersediaan Pb dan Cd pada tanah. Percobaan rumah kaca dilakukan dengan rancangan acak kelompok dengan perlakuan aplikasi 3 jenis amelioran, yaitu fly ash, pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk kandang sapi. Rancangan percobaan disusun masing-masing dengan 2 taraf dosis, yaitu C: kontrol; F1: 450 g; F2: 600 g; A1: 75 g; A2: 105 g; S1: 105 g; S2: 135 g; FAS1: 450 g+75 g+105 g; FAS2: 600 g+105 g+135 g. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 27 satuan percobaan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan pengaruh pemberian perlakuan fly ash, pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk kandang sapi secara nyata meningkatkan pH, KB, C-organik, dan basa tanah serta menurunkan kadar ketersediaan Pb dan Cd dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penggunaan fly ash tunggal (F1 dan F2) menurunkan kadar ketersediaan Pb pada tanah, sedangkan Cd tersedia menurun pada pemberian aplikasi kombinasi fly ash dengan pupuk kandang ayam dan sapi (FAS1 dan FAS2). Pemberian fly ash saja mampu menurunkan kadar ketersediaan Pb dan Cd yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pemberian kotoran ayam dan kotoran sapi saja. Namun, pemberian fly ash belum mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung.
Kata kunci: Cd, fly ash, pupuk kandang ayam, pupuk kandang sapi, Pb, remedias
Study of Two Different Field Measurement Methods of Infiltration: Falling Head and Constant Head, at Various Hydraulic Head
Full text linkTwo field measurement of infiltration rate methods had been performed on Latosol (Oxic dystrudept) Dramaga Bogor in order to investigate the opportunity to generate different result due to the different of hydraulic head applied and the different way of water was supplied. They were constant head and falling head methods. Falling head method was done in two different ways, namely within a certain time interval and within a certain water level interval. Hydraulic head used during measurement were of 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm. The falling head and constant head method, clearly, generated different minimum infiltration rate values The falling head method measured on a fixed time interval generated almost the same values of minimum infiltration rate, respectively of 4.8 cm hour -1, 5.5 cm hour -1, and 4.8 cm hour -1 at 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm hydraulic head. The falling head method based on bulk water level interval at 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm generated minimum infiltration rate values respectively of 13.2 cm/hour, 12.8 cm/hour, and 18.8 cm/hour. The constant head method at 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm hydraulic head generated minimum infiltration rate values respectively of 11.0 cm/hour, 18.5 cm/hour, and 19.0 cm/hour. The values were higher than of the fixed time interval based falling head method. Infiltration field measurement using the falling head method either based on time interval or water level interval did not show an increasing trend of minimum infiltration rate values due to the increase of hydraulic head. However, the infiltration field measurement using constant head showed an increasing trend of the minimum infiltration rate values due to the increase of hydraulic head
Characteristics of Klawoguk Watershed In Sorong City, Southwest Papua
Full text linkBanjir telah menjadi musibah terbesar dalam dasawarsa terakhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik DAS (Daerah Aliran Sungai) Klawoguk yang diharapkan dapat berkonstribusi dalam perencanaan, pengelolaan dan mitigasi banjir di Kota Sorong. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey, analisis spasial dan pengamatan lapang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa DAS Klawoguk memiliki tipe iklim tropik sangat basah dengan curah hujan sepanjang tahun tanpa dikenali musim kemarau. DAS berbentuk lonjong berdampak air semakin lama untuk mencapai titik akir air. Topografi datar seluas 2.599,30 ha telah menjadi wilayah perkotaan Provinsi Papua Barat Daya meliputi kelurahan Sawagumu, Malaingkedi, Klasabi, Kalwalu dan Klamana yang menjadi langganan banjir. Dalam tujuh bulan terakhir koefisien regim aliran (KRA) berubah – ubah didominasi sangat rendah yang berarti aliran air pada sungai Klawoguk lebih stabil. Sedimen didominasi sangat tinggi dan adanya degredasi hutan lindung oleh pengambilan tanah dan galian C yang menyebabkan peningkatan hasil sedimen pada sungai.Floods have become the biggest disaster in the last decade. This study aims to examine the characteristics of the Klawoguk Watershed which are expected to contribute in planning, managing and mitigating floods in Sorong City. This study used survey methods, spatial analysis and field observations. The results showed that the characteristics of the Klawoguk watershed have a very wet tropical climate type with rainfall throughout the year without a recognized dry season. In an oval-shaped watershed, it is possible for the water to take longer to reach the water\u27s end point. The flat topography covering an area of 2,599.30 ha has become the urban area of Southwest Papua Province including the villages of Sawagumu, Malaingkedi, Klasabi, Kalwalu and Klamana which are prone to flooding. In the last seven months the flow regime coefficient (CRF) has been changing, dominated by very low, which means that the water flow in the Klawoguk river is more stable. The sediment is dominated by very high podzolic soil types and there is degradation of protected forest by taking soil and C excavation which causes an increase in sediment yield in rivers
RARE EARTH ELEMENT PRELIMINARY STUDY ON BOBONARO SCALY CLAY MÈLANGE IN OBEN VILLAGE, SUBDRISTRICT OF NEKAMESE, DISTRICT OF KUPANG, NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE
No full textThe location of the investigation area is in Oben Village, Nekamese District, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province with coordinates 123° 40\u2740” E - 123° 41\u2720” E and 10° 16\u270” S - 10° 16\u2740” S. The geology of the study area is generally occupied by mixed rocks dominated by a gray clay, blackish brown, reddish brown, with foreign chunks consisting of peridotite, sedimentary rock consisting of brown and reddish reddish limestone, silt, micaceous sandstones, metamorphic rock: chlorite schist, with quartzite veins. Of the five samples analyzed, namely four samples of soil matrix and one sample of Peridotite, the following results were obtained: six rare earth elements were contained in 4 samples of the soil matrix, namely Yttrium (Y): 3.63 – 68.75 ppm, Praseudymium (Pr): 7.38 – 38.38 ppm, Scandium (Sc): 4.83 – 4.93 ppm, Lanthanum (La): 21.48 – 91.03 ppm, Cerium (Ce): 32.48 – 184.85 ppm, and Neodymium (Nd): 9.4 – 57 ppm specifically for sample 1 also contains 3 rare earth elements, namely: Gadolinium (Gd): 3.48 ppm concentration the average is lower than its abundance in nature, Samarium Sm: 13.1 ppm, and Dysprosium: (Dy): 6.88 ppm. For rock samples only contain Praseudymium (Pr): 7.78 ppm and Cerium (Ce): 87.88 ppm
The Relationship between the Effectiveness of Phytoremediation Methods on the Growth Rate of Water Hyacinth Media in Liquid Waste of C6+
Full text linkLiquid waste of Cr6+ is often produced by nickel ore mining companies, one of which is CV. Unaha Bakti Persada has a Cr6+ concentration of 0.78 ppm which has not yet reached the 0.1 ppm quality standard, so it is necessary to treat Cr6+ waste using an in vitro phytoremediation technique for water hyacinth media of E. azurea and E. crassipes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of phytoremediation method, the level of damage to water hyacinth and the rate of growth of the water hyacinth plant. The study used an in vitro phytoremediation method for water hyacinth media E. crassipes and E. azurea for 15 days. The results showed that the effectiveness of water hyacinth E. azurea was 87% able to reduce the concentration of Cr6+ 0.78 ppm to 0.1 ppm within 15 days, while E. crassipes and the combination of E. crassipes and E. azurea were 64%. The rate of water hyacinth damage to Cr6+ wastewater was faster in E. azurea, namely 40% compared to E. crassipes by 27% and the combination of E. crassipes and E. azurea by 13%. The growth of water hyacinth in Cr6+ wastewater was faster in the combination of E. Crassipes and E. azurea, namely plant weight 45%, root length 38%, plant height 23% compared to E. azurea, namely plant weight 35%, root length 32%, height plant 17%, and E. crassipes, namely plant weight 45%, root length 38%, plant height 7%