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Le secret des origines en droit de la filiation
No full textIssues of secrecy and anonymity back repeatedly in a series of topics related to parentage and procreation : adoption, birth secret, assisted reproduction with donor, surrogacy, incest, DNA test. Has the legislator the right to deny a human being to know where it comes from? Should the law recognize and ensure to all individuals the right to know his maternal and paternal origins? On an international scale, should we recognize a human right to know the origins of his lineage? And besides, what is meant by “origins”? These are the various questions that the thesis tries to meet, in an approach combining comparative and multidisciplinary, before developing a model for resolving conflicts that may arise between the right of an individual to know its origins and the right of others persons, more specifically the one of the biological parents but also of legal parent (adoptive parents, authors of parental project, …), to privacy. This model is based on the technique of balancing of interests and is founded on the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Built around a gradation in the lifting of the secrecy of origins, based on both the context in which the secret is laying, on the different levels of the search for identity and the need to respect the interests of the child, this model is established by reference to Belgian law which he revealed some gaps that the thesis tries to overcome de lege lata and de lege ferenda. It is intended to apply equally beyond Belgian borders as it seems crucial that each State makes the maximum progress towards the recognition and enforcement of the right of every person to know its origins.Les questions du secret et de l’anonymat reviennent de manière récurrente dans une série de sujets liés à la filiation et à la procréation : adoption, accouchement secret, procréation médicalement assistée avec donneur, gestation pour autrui, inceste, empreintes génétiques. Le législateur a-t-il le droit de refuser à un être humain de savoir d’où il vient ? La loi devrait-elle reconnaître et garantir à tout individu le droit de connaître ses origines maternelle et paternelle ? Sur le plan international, devrait-on reconnaître un droit de l’homme à connaître les origines de sa filiation? Et d’ailleurs, qu’entend-on par « origines » en droit de la filiation ? Ce sont ces diverses interrogations que la thèse tente de rencontrer, dans une approche combinant droit comparé et multidisciplinarité, avant d’élaborer un modèle normatif de résolution des conflits pouvant survenir entre le droit d’un individu à la connaissance de ses origines et le droit des tiers, plus spécifiquement celui de ses parents d’origine mais aussi de ses parents juridiques (adoptants, auteurs du projet parental, parents d’intention), au respect de leur vie privée. Ce modèle s’appuie, dans une perspective de conciliation des droits fondamentaux, sur la technique de la pondération des intérêts et s’inspire de la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme. Construit autour d’une gradation dans la levée du secret des origines, qui se fonde à la fois sur le contexte dans lequel le secret se pose, sur les différents niveaux de la quête identitaire et sur le nécessaire respect de l’intérêt de l’enfant, ce modèle est établi par référence au droit belge dont il fait apparaître certaines lacunes que la thèse tente de pallier de lege lata et de lege ferenda. Il a vocation à s’appliquer également au-delà de nos frontières tant il paraît crucial que chaque Etat fasse le maximum pour progresser vers la reconnaissance et l’application du droit de chacun à connaître ses origines.(DOCMED01) -- UNamur, 201
Quantum chemical investigations of nonlinear optical compounds: from model to complex systems for second harmonic imaging microscopy
No full textThis thesis is focused on the characterization and the interpretation of the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of complex systems by quantum chemistry methods. The main goal is the reduction of the gap between real systems characterized experimentally and model systems usually employed in simulations and therefore the introduction of the structural complexity of the studied compounds. Computationally, the main targets are biological structures useful for second harmonic generation microscopy (SHIM), fluorescent proteins and collagen, of which the responses have different origins. The NLO response of fluorescent proteins originates mostly from a push-pull π-conjugated chromophore whereas, for collagen, small π-conjugated peptide bonds are at the origin of the NLO response. In the case of fluorescent proteins, theoretical simulations carried out at different levels of approximation are accompanied by experimental investigations in order to design proteins that fluoresce over the whole visible spectra and exhibit large second-order NLO responses. In particular, different applications of the ONIOM scheme have been assessed in comparison with experiment, demonstrating the need for an explicit description of the close surroundings of the chromophore and the inclusion of electron correlation. This study has substantiated the importance of the symmetry argument for the second-order nonlinear optical properties of fluorescent proteins and the sensitivity of this principle. In the investigation on collagen, a short peptide triple-helix model [(Pro-Pro-Gly)10]3 (PPG10) has been considered and its first hyperpolarizability has been calculated using the ONIOM method in combination with time-dependent Hartree-Fock and DFT calculations. Detailed analysis of the first hyperpolarizability tensors has unraveled that β originates from the individual peptide bonds and that the triple-helix structure gives the relative orientation of these bonds. So, the total response is mostly determined by summing the β tensors of each bond as well as by accounting for (hyper)polarization effects between the chains. The selection of quantum chemistry methods to describe the NLO responses of fluorescent proteins and collagen has been substantiated by investigations of the impact of electron correlation on the hyperpolarizabilities of small model systems, i) push-pull π-conjugated systems, which model the chromophore of fluorescent proteins and ii) open-shell systems such as the p-quinodimethane and two of its derivatives. For closed-shell systems, these studies validate the choice of the MP2 method for estimating the first hyperpolarizability and show the lack of reliability of DFT approaches with most exchange-correlation functionals. In parallel, several technical aspects associated with the evaluation of the hyperpolarizabilities have been addressed, i.e i) the automatization of the Romberg scheme to improve the numerical accuracy in the finite field method, ii) the evaluation of the frequency dispersion at correlated levels by approximated schemes, and iii) the deviations from Kleinman’s conditions.(DOCSC02) -- FUNDP, 201
Electrical, Optical and Structural Properties Of Functional Multilayers On Steel Sheets For Potential Applications In Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells
No full textCu(In,Ga)Se2, in short CIGS, solar cells have received considerable attention among photovoltaic solar cells because of their high conversion efficiency, flexibility and lightweight. The challenge in CIGS technology nowadays is not only to enhance performances but also to find low cost processing options. The use of CIGS modules built from monolithic interconnected cells on steel sheets is a promising solution; however it requires an additional dielectric layer interposed between the substrate and the entire active stack. Thus, the focus of this thesis was to elaborate a novel dielectric systems prepared on steel substrates and to optimize molybdenum layers as contacts for the fabrication of “high temperature” flexible CIGS solar cells. Polysilazane hybrid polymers were identified and explored to act as a dielectric layer for CIGS solar cells. Coatings were performed on stainless steel substrates using a straightforward “bar coating” deposition method which is suitable for industrial rolling processes. The problem with polysilazane coatings is that they often suffer from thermal instability and cracking due to the high annealing temperature required for growing the CIGS absorbing layer. Indeed, our thermal analysis reveals an important mass loss of around 25 wt. % for type of polysilazane we use. The mass reduction was assigned to chemical transformations of the polymer evidenced by volatilization of different gases and evolution of solvent. Such degradations show a severe weakening of the dielectric strength of polysilazane coatings. It was shown that polysilazanes can be stabilized after annealing at 550°C. Polysilazane single layers with a thickness below 2 µm are crack-free even after annealing but, unfortunately do not fulfill the dielectric requirements. Single layers with a thickness higher than 2 µm systematically cracked after annealing. With a subtle combination of three layers of polysilazane and a sputtered SiOxAly layer we succeeded in growing a crack-free dielectric stack with total thickness of more or less 4 µm. Constant voltage stress measurements performed on metal-insulating-metal capacitors reveal that such dielectric stacks can tolerate an applied voltage of 1000 V before annealing and 500 V after annealing at 500°C. Optimization of Mo films was then performed on dielectric stacks and a method to produce crack-free and well-adhered Mo films was established. Two solutions were found and each solution was obtained by combining two different layers. Both solutions pass adhesion testing and exhibit very low sheet resistance required for Mo back contacts. The interface between a set of Mo films and polysilazane was also studied. There seems to be a link between Mo-O-Si covalent bonds and good adhesion at the interface. Adhesion loss observed for some Mo/polysilazane samples occurred due to decohesion in polysilazane itself. The decohesion is assigned to the weakening of polysilazane due to the formation of molybdenum carbide at the interface. Finally, the analysis of steel modified by ultra-thin polysilazane reveals the presence of Cr-O-Si and Fe-O-Si covalent bonds which may explain the good adhesion observed with polysilazane/steel samples.(DOCSC01) -- FUNDP, 201
Reverse Engineering Web Congurators
No full textIn many markets, being competitive echoes with the ability to propose customized products at the same cost and delivery rates as standard ones. As a result, companies provide their customers with online Web configurators to facilitate the product customization task. Web configurators offer a highly interactive configuration environment for customers to specify products that match their individual requirements and preferences. They provide capabilities to guide the customer through the multi-step and non linear configuration process, check consistency, and automatically complete partial configuration. To get a better grasp of what is the current practice in engineering Web configurators, we conducted a systematic empirical study of 111 configurators. We quantified their numerous properties, categorized patterns used in their engineering, and highlighted good and bad practices. We provided empirical evidence that Web configurators are complex information systems. Despite of this fact, this study revealed the absence of specific, adapted, and rigorous methods in their engineering. The lack of dedicated methods for efficiently engineering Web configurators leads to reliability, runtime efficiency, and maintainability issues. To migrate legacy Web configurators to more reliable, efficient, and maintainable solutions, we offer to systematically re-engineer these applications. This encompasses two main activities: (1) reverse engineering Web configurators to extract their configuration-specific data and encoding it into dedicated formalisms, and then (2) forward engineering new improved configurators. In this study, we are concerned with the reverse-engineering process. We developed a consistent set of methods, languages and tools to semi-automatically extract configuration-specific data from the Web pages of a configurator. Such data is stored in variability models (e.g., feature models). These models can later be used for verification purposes (e.g., checking the completeness and correctness of the configuration constraints) as well as input for forward-engineering techniques. To reverse engineer variability models from Web configurators, we developed techniques that target static structure and dynamic behaviour of Web configurators to locate and extract configuration-specific data. Experimental results on existing real Web configurators confirm the applicability of our contribution.(DOCSC06) -- FUNDP, 201
Aligning access rights to governance needs with the responsibility metamodel (ReMMo) in the frame of enterprise architecture
No full textNowadays the economy relies on companies evolving in an increasingly highly regulated environment, having their operations strongly formalised and controlled, and being often organised following a bureaucratic approach. In such a context, aligning the business operations with the appropriate IT infrastructure is a challenging and critical activity. Without efficient business/IT alignment, these companies face the risk not to be able to deliver their business services satisfactorily and that their image is seriously altered and jeopardised. Among the many challenges of business/IT alignment is the access rights management which should be conducted considering the rising governance needs, such as taking into account the business actors' responsibility. Unfortunately, in this domain, we have observed that no solution, model and method, fully considers and integrates the new needs yet. Therefore, the thesis proposes firstly to define an expressive Responsibility metamodel, named ReMMo, which allows representing the existing responsibilities at the business layer and, thereby, allows engineering the access rights required to perform these responsibilities, at the application layer. Secondly, the Responsibility metamodel has been integrated with ArchiMate to enhance its usability and benefits from the enterprise architecture formalism. Finally, a method has been proposed to define the access rights more accurately, considering the alignment of ReMMo and RBAC. The research was realised following a design science and action design based research method and the results have been evaluated through an extended case study at the Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg.(DOCSC06) -- FUNDP, 201
Repenser la liberté de la presse à l'heure de la convergence technologique
No full textIn many sources of positive law, freedom of the press has been the subject of a special consecration beyond the general recognition of freedom of expression. This is true in the Belgian Constitution (article 25), in the American Bill of Rights (First Amendment), as well as in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (based on Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights). What is the meaning of freedom of the press? If it is universally recognized that this freedom is essential to the functioning of a democratic society, there is no agreement on its practical meaning. To consider that this freedom is more than a mere redundancy, what could be its scope and legal surplus? This is the subject of the present study. The current media environment is conducive to such an analysis. On the one hand, the emergence of the Internet and, more recently, the advent of the participatory Web have democratized the large-scale expression, enabling a large range of new players to contribute, alongside journalists, to the information of the public (« citizen journalists », NGOs, political parties, environmental advocacy groups, human rights organizations, etc.); on the other hand, an increasing technological convergence seems devote all traditional media of expression (texts, sounds, images, audiovisual contents) to be found on the Internet in a digital form. The first part of the study seeks to define the respective scope of freedom of expression and of freedom of the press, both in Belgian law and in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The analysis reveals that a distinction between the two freedoms cannot be based on the use of a particular medium of expression or on the status of the person who claims freedom of the press to his advantage. The second part of the study is aimed at proposing a definition of freedom of the press and at analyzing the different rules that apply to the press in the light of such a definition. By taking support on reflections borrowed from US constitutional law and from ongoing discussions within the Council of Europe, an introductory chapter first paves the way for a functional definition of freedom of the press, which would protect anybody who could reasonably pretend to exercise an activity of voluntary dissemination of ideas, opinions or information to the public, by the medium of his or his choice, and/or the newsgathering of such information with the intent to engage in such a communication. The second part of the study continues by analyzing, in light of such an functional approach, the legal rules that traditionally apply to the press, both at the stage of communication of ideas, opinions and information (the prohibition of prior restraints, the prevention of private censorship by intermediaries, the right of reply, journalistic self-regulation and criminal and civil responsibilities) and at the stage of newsgathering (the general right to receive and to gather information, the right to the protection of journalistic sources, the derogation provided for by the legislation on protection of privacy with regard to the processing of personal data and the issue of a possible "privilege" related to journalistic newsgathering).Dans de nombreuses sources de droit positif, la liberté de la presse a fait l’objet d’une consécration particulière au-delà de la reconnaissance générale de la liberté d’expression. Ainsi en va-t-il de la Constitution belge (article 25), du Bill of Rights américain (Premier Amendement), comme de la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme (qui s’est construite sur le terrain de l’article 10 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme). Que signifie la liberté de la presse ? S’il est universellement reconnu que cette liberté est essentielle au fonctionnement d’une société démocratique, il n’y a pas d’accord sur sa signification concrète. A considérer que cette liberté constitue plus qu’une simple redondance, quel pourraient être ses contours et son surplus juridique ? Le contexte médiatique actuel est propice à une telle analyse. D’une part, l’émergence récente de l’internet et celle, plus récente encore, du Web participatif, ont démocratisé l’expression à grande échelle, permettant ainsi à une foule de nouveaux acteurs de contribuer, aux côtés des journalistes, à la mission d’information du public (« journalistes citoyens », ONG, partis politiques, associations de défense de l’environnement, organisations veillant au respect des droits de l’homme, etc.) ; d’autre part, une convergence technologique croissante semble vouer l’ensemble des supports traditionnels d’expression (textes, sons, images, contenus audiovisuels) à se retrouver sur la Toile sous une forme numérique. La première partie de l’étude vise à définir les contours respectifs de la liberté d’expression et de la liberté de la presse en droit belge et dans la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme. L’analyse révèle qu’une éventuelle distinction entre les deux libertés ne peut être fondée sur l’utilisation d’un support d’expression particulier ou sur le statut de la personne qui revendique la liberté de la presse à son profit. La seconde partie de l’étude vise à proposer une définition de la liberté de la presse et à analyser les différents régimes qui lui sont propres à l’aune d’une telle définition. A l’appui d’éléments empruntés au droit constitutionnel américain et de réflexions menées au sein du Conseil de l’Europe, un chapitre liminaire pose tout d’abord les jalons d’une approche fonctionnelle de la liberté de la presse, qui protégerait toute personne pouvant raisonnablement prétendre exercer une activité de divulgation volontaire d’idées, d’opinions ou d’informations à destination du public, par le biais d’un support de diffusion quelconque, et/ou la collecte de tels renseignements avec l’intention de s’engager dans une telle communication. La seconde partie de l’étude analyse alors les différents régimes traditionnellement attachés à la presse à l’aune d’une telle conception fonctionnelle, aussi bien au stade de la communication des idées, des opinions, et des informations (sont examinés l’interdiction des mesures préventives, la prévention de la censure privée de la part des intermédiaires, le droit de réponse, l’autorégulation journalistique, les responsabilités pénale et civile) qu’à celui de la collecte de ces renseignements (sont analysés le droit général de recevoir et de collecter des informations, le droit à la protection des sources journalistiques, le régime dérogatoire prévu par la législation relative à la protection de la vie privée à l’égard du traitement des données à caractère personnel, et la question d’un éventuel « privilège » lié à la collecte journalistique des informations).(DOCJURI00) -- UNamur, 201
Église et aristocratie en Cambrésis (fin IXe-milieu XIIe siècle). Le pouvoir entre France et Empire au Moyen Âge central
No full textInscrite dans un courant historiographique que d’aucuns qualifient de « nouvelle histoire politique », la présente thèse de doctorat, focalisée sur le groupe nobiliaire cambrésien et ses rapports avec l’institution ecclésiale, vise à déterminer comment, au cours des Xe-XIIe siècles, les grands sont parvenus à exercer leur pouvoir et à maintenir leur domination sociale dans une principauté épiscopale située aux confins de la Flandre, de la France et de l’Empire. L’ambition est également de comprendre comment, dans le même temps, l’aristocratie cambrésienne s’est positionnée par rapport au message chrétien véhiculé par les clercs et les moines. L’enquête se structure en cinq chapitres regroupés en deux parties. Le volet initial aborde la période 888-1080, au cours de laquelle l’autorité impériale s’ancre solidement en Lotharingie. En bonne méthode, le chapitre d’ouverture (I.) s’interroge sur la valeur des Gesta episcoporum Cameracensium, principale source d’information sur l’histoire du Cambrésis des Xe-XIe siècles. La déconstruction et la mise en perspective de cette chronique permettent d’éclairer sous un jour nouveau l’intense travail de réécriture du passé cambrésien entrepris par l’évêque Gérard Ier (1012-1051). Sont ensuite examinées les modalités selon lesquelles la Reichskirchenpolitik des Ottoniens se met en place à Cambrai au détriment du pouvoir comtal laïque (II.). À partir du second tiers du Xe siècle, le renforcement de la seigneurie épiscopale au détriment de celle des titulaires de l’honor comtal conduit en effet à la marginalisation, puis, dès 1007, à la disparition totale des comtes laïques de la scène politique cambrésienne. En provoquant par contrecoup l’ascension des châtelains-avoués, cette évolution pèse lourdement sur les rapports de pouvoir entre une Église cambrésienne traditionnellement plus proche des souverains germaniques et une aristocratie locale partagée entre les influences impériale et flamande (III.). L’accent est également mis sur les pratiques religieuses des grands, en limitant l’analyse aux interdits de parenté, au système du don-échange et aux enjeux funéraires. La rupture avec le système politique bâti par les Ottoniens survient entre 1080 et 1130 ; cette mutation est étudiée dans la deuxième partie de la thèse. Le quatrième chapitre revient sur les prémisses de la crise politique qui affecte le Cambrésis au tournant des XIe-XIIe siècles (IV.). L’autonomisation et l’institutionnalisation de l’Église promues par la réforme grégorienne, les aspirations politiques d’une bourgeoisie cambrésienne enrichie, et, enfin, la présence d’un pouvoir comtal flamand aux ambitions de plus en plus dévorantes entraînent en effet des bouleversements sans précédent dans le petit comté de Cambrai. Longtemps latentes, les tensions s’embrasent autour de 1100 à l’occasion de la scission du diocèse double d’Arras-Cambrai. C’est à ce « schisme de Cambrai » (1092-1113), qui oppose de manière quelque peu schématique les soutiens du clan grégorien à ceux du parti impérial, et à ses conséquences à moyen terme en matière de pouvoir et de comportement religieux que se consacre l’ultime chapitre (V.). La crise politique transforme profondément le visage du Cambrésis. Cette véritable guerre civile contribue en effet à asseoir l’autorité des princes flamands sur le comté, en même temps qu’elle permet aux élites urbaines de s’impliquer plus étroitement dans la gestion des affaires de la cité. Considérablement affecté par le « schisme de Cambrai », le groupe nobiliaire, qui a profité de la vacance du pouvoir épiscopal pour ériger des "castra" dans le plat-pays, tend, quant à lui, à troquer la ville pour la campagne. La religion aristocratique paraît, par contre, assez peu affectée par la diffusion des idées grégoriennes. Un volume d’annexes complète la thèse. Outre la traditionnelle bibliographie, celui-ci comprend une quinzaine de tableaux généalogiques, quelques cartes et, surtout, un catalogue d’actes relatif aux châtelains de Cambrai. Cet inventaire fournit les régestes des 185 chartes mentionnant ces aristocrates de haut rang entre le milieu du XIe siècle et 1189, date de décès d’Hugues III d’Oisy.(DOCFILO02) -- FUNDP, 201
Marker assisted breeding in sugar beet: design and evaluation of molecular markers targeting early flowering
No full textBeta vulgaris is a biennial plant, which under both vernalization and long photoperiods, shows early flowering during the first growing year. Early flowering of sugar beet results in a reduction of sugar yields. Despite systematic phenotypic counter-selection, early flowering plants are still observed in the fields. The aim of this work was to identify sequence polymorphisms statistically associated with early flowering in sugar beet so they can be used to develop new molecular markers. These markers would contribute to improve breeding and selection for sugar beet varieties more resistant to early flowering. To reach this goal, we followed a candidate gene approach relying on the extensive knowledge of flowering time control available on the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. In our strategy, we first isolated homologous genes related to flowering time control in sugar beet, we then studied their polymorphisms by performing EcoTILLING in contrasted samples originating from the same cultivar (Angeliqua). We finally looked for putative association between the identified genetic polymorphisms and the early flowering phenotype. At the end of this research, we were able to identify SNP and indel polymorphisms in BvGI, BvSUF4, BvPHYB, BvPHYA, BvFT1, BvCRY1, BvFY and BvTINYL2 genes. Following the genotyping of two sets of contrasted sugar beet plants with PAMSA probes, statistically significant associations were confirmed between detected polymorphisms within BvGI, BvSUF4, BvPHYB, BvTINYL2 genes and the early flowering phenotype. In conclusion, the candidate gene approach proved to be a promising method to investigate phenotype / genotype association in sugar beet. Four promising targets were identified in this study. These results might favor the development of improved varieties of sugar beet.(DOCSC03) -- FUNDP, 201
Conception de biomatériaux hybrides poreux adaptés à l'encapsulation de cellules animales pour la thérapie cellulaire
No full textAmong the diseases induced by protein or hormone deficiencies, type 1 diabetes mellitus is becoming increasingly widespread and makes life very difficult for people who are affected. It is characterized by the destruction of the insulin secreting β-cells by the immune system. The most commonly used treatment is the insulinotherapy which implies a drastic diet and much attention from the patient who is all the time put at risk of hyper- or hypoglycemia. A first alternative is the transplantation of pancreas or islets of Langerhans but the low number of donor and the necessity to follow an immunosuppressive medication to prevent the graft rejection are serious drawbacks. A promising solution for the treatment of this type of disease is the encapsulation of xenogeneic cells within a biocompatible, robust and semi-permeable material which will protect them against immune system or mechanical stress This thesis highlights the possibility of using mineralized TiO2 microcapsules synthesized under mild conditions as “artificial organ”. This original material has been developed by overcoming constraints induced by the use of alkoxy precursors in the inorganic materials preparation by sol-gel process such as the toxicity of some additives and of the by-products of reaction or the matrix contraction over time. This artificial organ is obtained by using alginate capsules entrapping animal cells as a template for the deposition of a TiO2 layer. Various techniques underscored the biocompatibility, the high mechanical strength and the ideal porosity of the microcapsules while showing the prolongation of the viability and of the activity of the encapsulated HepG2 model cells. In vivo experiments realized on rats highlighted the biocompatibility of the microcapsules towards a living host organism and the efficient encapsulated cells immune-isolation. Finally, the encapsulation of insulin secreting rat insulinoma-derived INS-1E cells showed that these cells retained their in vitro responsive property to glucose for insulin secretion and that this hormone diffused well outside of the microcapsules. This work allowed designing and developing a robust, biocompatible and porous biomaterial as an artificial organ suitable for the cell therapy.(DOCSC03) -- FUNDP, 201
Engineering Configuration Graphical User Interfaces from Variability Models
No full textIn the past, companies produced large amounts of products through mass production lines. Advantages of such an approach are reduced production costs and time-to-market. While it is (still) appropriate for some goods like food or household items, customer preferences evolve to customised products. In a more and more competitive environment, product customisation is taken to the extreme by companies in order to gain market share. Companies provide customisation tools, more commonly called product configurators, to assist their staff and customers in deciding upon the characteristics of the product to be delivered. Our experience reveals that some existing configurators are implemented in an ad-hoc fashion. This is especially cumbersome when numerous and non-trivial constraints have to be dealt with. For instance, we have observed in two industrial cases that relationships between configuration options are hard-coded and mixed with GUI code. As constraints are scattered in the source code, severe maintenance issues occur. In this thesis, we propose a pragmatic and model-driven way to generate configuration GUIs. We rely on feature models to represent and reason about the configuration options and their complex relationships. Once feature models have been elaborated, there is still a need to produce a GUI, including the integration with underlying reasoning mechanisms to control and update the GUI elements. We present a model-view-presenter architecture to design configurators, which separates concerns between a feature model (configuration option modelling), its associated solver (automated reasoning support) and the presentation of the GUI. To fill the gap between feature models and configuration GUIs, the various constructs of the feature model formalism are rendered as GUI elements through model transformations. Those transformations can be parametrised through beautification and view languages to derive specific configuration GUIs. A prototype generating HTML code is proposed.Par le passé, les entreprises produisaient de grandes quantités de biens grâce à la production de masse, une telle approche permettant de réduire les coûts et temps de production. Bien que cette stratégie soit toujours adaptée dans certains cas (alimentation, produits ménagers), les utilisateurs ont maintenant une préférence pour les produits personnalisés. Dans un marché de plus en plus compétitif, cette personnalisation est poussée à l'extrême par les entreprises afin de gagner des parts de marché. Ces entreprises mettent des outils appelés "configurateurs" à disposition des clients et de leur personnel afin de les guider dans le choix des options du produit final. L'expérience nous a montré que les configurateurs existants sont implémentés de manière ponctuelle. Ceux-ci sont d'autant plus compliqués à mettre en place et maintenir qu'il y a des contraintes non-triviales à gérer. Par exemple, nous avons observé dans deux études de cas industrielles que les dépendances entre deux options de configuration se trouvaient dans le code de l'interface graphique (et dans de de nombreux autres éléments logiciels tels que des fichiers de configuration, scripts, etc.). Cette dispersion des contraintes dans le code de l'interface graphique diminue sa maintenabilité. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche de génération d'interfaces graphiques dirigée par les modèles. Nous nous reposons sur les feature models pour représenter et raisonner sur les options de configuration et leurs liens complexes. Une fois le feature model élaboré, l'interface graphique doit également être définie. Cela inclut notamment l'intégration avec les mécanismes de raisonnement sous-jacents aux feature models pour le contrôle et la mise à jour des éléments graphiques. Nous présentons une architecture de type modèle-vue-présentateur pour les configurateurs dans laquelle nous distinguons le feature model(modélisation des options de configuration), le solveur associé (raisonnement automatisé) et la présentation dans l'interface graphique. Afin de combler l'écart entre le feature model et l'interface de configuration, les différentes constructions du premier sont traduites en objets graphiques grâce à des transformations de modèles. Ces dernières peuvent être paramétrées grâce à des langages de vue et de rendu graphique. Un prototype générant des configurateurs en HTML est également proposé.(DOCSC06) -- UNamur, 201