Indonesian Journal of Geography
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Toposequence of soils on the south slope of the Merapi volcano to Baron coast, Yogyakarta.
No full textThe aim of the research is to know a soil sequence based on the physiographic unit along volcanic slope and limestone area, i.e. south slope of Merapi volcano from Kaliurang to Baron coast, Yogyakarta, Central Java.This research is based an topographic differences as a lithological reflection. Seven sample points are determined in order to discribe and evaluate morphological types of soil profile, physical and chemical properties, and environmental factors. Relative soil potential is analyzed on the basis of the field data. From this research the soil types found in the study area are Regosol, Cambisol, Latosol, Rensina, Grumusol, and Mediterannean
Contingent Valuation of Watershed Protection in Nigeria: A Case Study
No full textThe search for appropriate methods for valuing natural resources and monctising externalities is a pressing problem facing many governments, particularly those of the developing countries. While the Nigerian government allocates 2% of its annual gross income for ecological damage restitution (The Ecological Fund), experiences arising from incessant disputes in the oil producing areas, fishing sites, increasing incidence of soil erosion and flooding and other environmental problems, all point to the need to supplement the Ecological Fund with money from other sources.Most environmental degradation resulting from mithropogenic prococcrs in water resource projects can be ascribed to the "common property" perception of water and associated natural resources. Moreover, in deciding which environmental regulations, and water resource projects and programmes are desirable or otherwise, it is imperative to weigh the negative socio-economic impacts, againts the very real beneficial effects. Such a process will entail better monetary quantification of the cost-benefit analysis of the projects and programmes, particularly during environmental impact assessment process.This paper focusses on the use of the willingness-to-pay (WTP) approach for determining the amount of money that people in selected large-scale irrigation and dam project areas in the Sudano-Saludian zone of Nigeria are willing to forego for the sake of environmental protection in the watershed. After a general description of the problems and approaches to valuing and monetising environmental resources and their protection, the details of the study findings and policy implications are discussed
The dominant factors affecting agricultural land use (rice field) change in Yogyakarta Special Province
No full textThe research was conducted in Yogyakarta Special Province. The main objective of this research is to find out the main factors influencing the change in agricultural land use especially rice field. The data used in this research is time series from 1980 to 2000. They were obtainedfrom several institutions such as: Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), National Agency of Land Affairs (BPN) and Department ofAgriculture (Dinas Pertanian). Descriptive analysis and statistical test were performed against those data to find out the influence of geographic factors i.e. the population growth, the road development and the extension of built up area on the change in agricultural land use especially rice field. Distributed lag model is used to analyze the effect of road's length on agricultural land use change. The level and magnitude of relationship between areas of agricultural land use change and built up area, number of people and road length are calculated using linear regression.The research shows that the period of 1980 - 2000 in Yogyakarta Special Province has indicated very significantly the increase in population, the development of road and the extension of built up area. For the time being, agricultural land mainly in Sleman Regency, Bantul Regency and Yogyakarta Municipality has decreased. Sleman regency performed the largest decrease of rice field and followed after then by Bantul regency and Yogyakarta Municipality. The regency of Kulon Progo and Gunung Kidul have experienced reverse phenomenon i.e. the increase of rice field during this period. Individually or simultaneously, three variables used in this research (number of people, road's length and built up area) have significantly influenced the agricultural land use
Long Term Rainfall Trend of The Brantas Catchment Area, East Java
No full textSpatial and temporal rainfall analyses of the Brantas Catchment Area from 1955 to 2002 based on 40 daily rainfall stations has been performed. To identify the climate pattern for the last five decades, we used the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) followed by the Fast Fourier Transform. By using EOF, we found the monsoonal pattern as the most dominant, which explains about 72% of all variances. The interannual pattern shows a negative trend of the monsoonal strength. From the monthly isohyets for each decade, the rainfall amount appears to decrease significantly during the last five decades, indicated by wider low rainfall amount areas and the orographic effect is detected, indicated by always greater amount in highlands. From rainfall data in mountain and coastal areas, dry periods had been increasing, mainly in lowlands. Thus, the continued imbalance of the dry and wet period is one cause of the monsoonal strength decrease during the last five decades
Biocultural Diversity: An Aemerging Concept in The 21 Century
No full textThe emerging concern in the last few decades for conserving 'diversity' is an impetus to conserve not only the whole spectmm of biota i.e. the total sum ofgenes, species and ecosystems but also indigenous culture, traditions, spiritual beliefs and values. This phenomenon is named Biocultural Diversity, which is a synthesis of both Biological Diversity (biodiversity) and Cultural Diversity. 1980 's was considered the decade of biodiversity, 1990's that of cultural diversity and 2000's a new field of Bio-Cultural diversity. In the first half of this paper the. interrelationship and interdependence between biodiversity and cultural diversity is discussed and in the second half how the modern global economic system is engulfing this diversity of life, knowledge, cultural heritage and practices areanalysed The global distribution and patterns of biodiversity coincide with that of cultural diversity, therefore if languages and cultures disappear due to global pressure of homogenization we also lose knowledge about our environment leadingto biodiversity depletion~ It is quite noticeable that the countries with peoplespeaking largest number of languages; and countries with greatest number of traditional livelihoods and indigenous communities obviously have the greatest biological diversity. Thus only a sustainable approach can bridge the gap between modern visions of human beings and traditional cultural aspirations thereby ensuring holistic development
Assessment of the existing land conservation techniquesin Peri urban area of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
No full textThis study assessed the effectiveness of the existing land conservation techniques in the peril-urban area of Kadoka metropolis with the aim of ascertaining if the existing conservation methods have helped to alleviate land degradation, andprovide sustainable land use. Random sampling method was used to collect datafrom field observation, measurement and semi-structured interview which are analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that there exist local conservation techniques along with the modern techniques, some are physical and others are biological methods, even though techniques such as agI'o forestry, which is known to be the best method of farming is present but is yet to take root in the area. Some of these conservation methods are not standardized neither are they implemented in a scientific manner to. ensure e.Df!Ctiveness and efficiency without causing further damage to the lalld, as a result, there may be no end to land degradation in Kaduna if the current approaches to conservation are not improved on. it is suggested that improved water management, improved farming techniques, economic empml'ennent and education of the land users be employed in refilling existing techniques, through which poor management practices such as bush burning, monocropping and overgrazing lvill be avoided 'while fanners will easily embraced new practices such as agro forestry, which provides fanners with income and food all year round as well as protect the environmentfrom degradation
TOWARD A FULLY AND ABSOLUTELY RASTER-BASED EROSION MODELING BY USING RS AND GIS
No full textThe erosion map data is one of important data used in planningconservation of degraded land. Generally, erosion data is predicted using a modelbecause to gain actual erosion requires much resource (timely, costly and labourintensive). USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) is one of existing erosion modelsapplied worlwide, including Indonesia. Nevertheless, erosion analysis conducted isbased on analysis using vector-based maps. This method involves simplification,either algorithms or procedures, and subject to subjectivity, so the result has highuncertainty. This article deals with the idea to build a fully raster-based erosionmodeling. Steps required to obtain raster-based data was highlighted as from thebeginning up to the model validation to get an absolute model. The integration ofremote sensing and GIS was inevitably usedfor the analysis
ASSESSMENT OF SOIL PROPERTIES UNDER TEAK PLANTATATION IN ABIA - BADAGRY, LAGOS, NIGERIA
No full textThis paper investigated whether the Teakplantation established a year agoby Lagos State Government Ministry of Agric and Co-operative at Abia-Badagrymeet the soil and environmental requirement as obtainable in countries where Teakgrows naturally. Also the study will also establish whether the establishment ofTeak tree has changed the soil properties. Sampling design for this study wasbased on, the need to spread sample sites objectively over the study area. Theentire plantation is 2.5ha and five soil samples were collected from the plantationusing soil auger. From each of thefive (5) holes dug, soil samples were randomlycollected from two sampling depths 0 - 15 em and 15-30cm, respectively. Soilsamples were air-dried, sieved, 'and analyzed in the laboratory using standardtechniques. The result of the soil analysis show that PH, EC, TOM, TOC, TN, Av.K,Av.P and Bulk Density ranges between,5.36-5.86,38.00-156.00,1.06-2.41,0.86-1.92,0.01-0.03,0.03-0.03,0.02-0.02 and 1.31-1.36 respectively. Among theexamined variables,Ec has the highest mean (61.00) followed by pH (5.72) whileTN/Av.P remained the least value (0.02). Also, EC recorded the highest StandardDeviation (46.73).this was followed by TOM (0.52) while Av.K/Av. Based on theempirical data and the analysis carried out on the Teak plantation and the sitecharacteristics tofind out the suitability or otherwise of the site for maximum Teakyield in the country, it was found that the site characteristics, especially, soilproperties are similar to those'of places where Teak grows naturally. Therefore itis recommended to Lagos State Ministry of Agric and Cooperative to increase theplantation size
Spot simulation for urban study
No full textThis paper discusses the SPOT simulation performances with Toulouse area as an example. An Overflight of the Toulouse area was made; resampling of 10 m and 20 m resolution combining with XS/ and XS2 in the creation of the simulation image was used in an effort to study Toulouse urban area. Manual interpretation without fieldchecks is used in this study. Toulouse urban land use can be distringuished and is easily delineated. Based on spectral characteristics, roof reflectance, road pattern, texture, and shape analysis the relative urbanization can be known. The relative network density can be measured so that the building and population density can be estimated using the SPOT simulation image
New towns as growth centres A Case Study in Nigeria
No full textThis paper criticizes the selection of seven new towns as growth centres in Rivers State. However, based upon financial constraint and other variables, it suggested only two locations suitable for growth centres. These centres are integrated with rural development policies to function as alternative destinations for rural migrants to the state's capital city and to strengthen the service hierarchies in the rural region, The general arguments are illustrated with a case study of Rivers State of Nigeria