Indonesian Journal of Geography
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An Overview of Indonesia’s Maritime Strategy
No full textAs one of the consent maritime on earth, Indonesia has no maritime strategy. Maritime strategy is important not only to protect state’s maritime pathway, but also as part of a national strategy. This article is designed to provide an understanding way for the Indonesian readers to urgently prepare and design a maritime strategy. It is argued that a maritime strategy for Indonesia is needed because of the changing landscape of the international threat such maritime security nontraditional issues. It affects the international trade through the Malacca Strait, Sunda Strait, and Lombok Strait. Data for the articles have been collected from secondary reliable sources. The Early finding of the study suggests that Indonesia needs to shape a maritime strategy to reduce threats at sea and guarantee the security most importantly in the archipelagic sea-lanes (ASL) as an international route. In conclusion, a brief overview of the study indicates that Indonesia urgency needs to establish a maritime strategy
Dimensions and Factors of Contemporary Geography Learning Climate at Senior High School
Get PDFThis study develops the dimensions and factors of the learning climate of contemporary geography at the senior high school through the process of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). This research uses Research and Development (R & D). Research respondents involved 595 experts and practitioners of geography learning in Yogyakarta, determined using stratified-purposive sampling. The calculation results give the average value of Aiken logical validity of 0.85, the value of Measure of Sampling Adequacy of 0.789, Bartlett's test of sphericity 0.000 1.96 and with a significance level of 5%. These calculations have been eligible for EFA analyses. The results classify the geography learning climate into four dimensions with 16 factors. The dimensions are: (1) Student-centered learning, (2) positive relationships among students, (3) positive relationships between teachers and students, and (4) developing and strengthening classroom rules. Each dimension consists of 6, 4, 2, and 4 factors.
Accuracy and Spatial Pattern Assessment of Forest Cover Change Datasets in Central Kalimantan
Get PDFThe accurate information of forest cover change is important to measure the amount of carbon release and sink. The newly-available remote sensing based products and method such as Daichi Forest/Non-Forest (FNF), Global Forest Change (GFC) datasets and Semi-automatic Claslite systems offers the benefit to derive these information in a quick and simple manner. We measured the accuracy by constructing area-proportion error matrix from 388 random sample points and assessed the consistency analysis by looking at the spatial pattern of deforestation and regrowth from built-up area, roads, and rivers from 2010 – 2015 in Katingan district, Central Kalimantan. Accuracy assessment showed that those 3 datasets indicate low to medium accuracy level in which the highest accuracy was achieved by Claslite who produced 71 % ± 5 % of overall accuracy. The consistency analysis provides a similar spatial pattern of deforestation and regrowth measured from the road, river, and built-up area though their distance sensitivity are different one to another.
Geography and Communal Conflict in Indonesia
Get PDFThe determinants of communal conflicts in Indonesia have been widely documented. However, most of them ignore geographical aspects of communal conflicts. This paper examines geographical determinants of communal conflicts in Indonesia. Data comes from the 2008 Village Potential Census (Podes) and official statistics which consist of communal conflict information across all Indonesia’s districts (N districts = 465). Results from spatial dependent model show that communal conflict to be spatially dependent through latent determinants, meaning that communal conflict clusters because of clustering of latent determinants within district. Rather than religious and ethnic heterogeneity, communal conflict is positively associated with poverty, economic inequality, elite capture, and weak capacity of districts to manage fiscal resources
Geomaritime-Based Marine and Fishery Economic Development in Maluku Islands
Get PDFThe design of national economic development should never ignore three important aspects, namely integration, and sustainably and local contexts. Insufficient comprehension over these three aspects has caused delays of economic progress in several regions like Maluku. This region is characterized with archipelagic geo-profile where marine and fisheries resources are abundant but economic progress is sluggish. To catch up with the achievement shown by regions in the western part of the country, there must by effective efforts done in Maluku. This research is aimed at analyzing the three aspects mentioned above as related to acceleration of marine and fisheries economic development based on the region’s maritime geo-profile. In line with it, primary and secondary data were applied on a SWOT Analytical Approach. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that acceleration of marine and fisheries economic development in Maluku can be carried out through both local and national policies focused on facilitating prospective economic players in making massive investment in the marine and fisheries sector. Among others, this should be done by improving the capacity of Maluku marine ports and directing them to be local economic transmiters, through more effective functions as hubs for ships carrying commodities and products for both national and international markets. This research found that in line with it, a pre-requirement that has to be advanced by the government is detailed zoning of marine and fisheries resources, which is supported by a legal umbrella
Assessing the Capability of Sentinel-2A Data for Mapping Seagrass Percent Cover in Jerowaru, East Lombok
Get PDFRemote sensing technology has been widely used in various applications related to natural resources and environment monitoring. In this paper, we evaluated the capability of new Sentinel-2A image to map the distribution and percent cover of seagrass in optically shallow water of Jerowaru coastal area, East Lombok. Seagrass distribution map was produced from radiometrically and geometrically corrected Sentinel-2A image with overall accuracy of 61.9%. Using empirical model, seagrass percent cover was predicted with maximum coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.51 and standard error of estimate (SE) of 19.4%. The results suggest that Sentinel-2A image can be used to perform seagrass mapping time and cost-effectively and can be further improved by incorporating more robust empirical modeling technique
Spatial Temporal Analysis of Urban Heat Hazard on Education Area (University of Indonesia)
Get PDFAs education area, campus or university is full with various activities which have an impact on the existence of land-use or land-cover. The variation of activities dynamically change the shape of land-use or land-cover within the campus area, thus also create variations in Land Surface Temperature (LST). The LST are impacting the coziness of human activity especially when reaches more than 30 oC. This study used the term Urban Heat Signature (UHS) to explain LST in different land-use or land-cover types. The objective of this study is to examine UHS as an Urban Heat Hazard (UHH) based on Universal Temperature Climate Index (UTCI) and Effective Temperature Index (ETI) in University of Indonesia. Thermal bands of Landsat 8 images (the acquisition year 2013-2015) were used to create LST model. A ground data known as Air Surface Temperature (AST) were used to validate the model. The result showed an increased level of maximum temperature during September-October since 2013 until 2014. The maximum temperature was reduced in October 2014, however it increased again in August 2015. The UTCI showed “moderate” and “strong heat stress”, while EFI showed “uncomfortable” and “very uncomfortable” categories during that period. This research concluded that build up area in UI Campus highest temperature on UI campus based on UHS. Range UHS in Campus UI on 2013 (21.8-31.1oC), 2014 (25.0-36.2oC) and 2015 (24.9-38.2oC). This maximum UHS on September (2014 and 2015) put on levelling UTCI included range temperature 32-35oC, with an explanation of sensation temperature is warm and sensation of comfort is Uncomfortable, Psychology with Increasing Stress Case by Sweating and Blood Flow and Health category is Cardiovascular Embarrassment. This UHS occurs in September will give impact on psychology and health, that’s become the UHH of the living on education area
Urbanization and Regional Imbalances in Indonesia
Get PDFThe level of urbanization that occurred in Indonesia at this time is remarkable that causes the growth of cities very rapidly. The growth of cities is mainly due to various reasons such as the capitalization process, regional enlargement/reclassification, as well as migration from rural to urban. The growth of cities leads a lot of problems like environmental degradation, traffic congestion, poverty, crime and other social conflicts. Such a rapid rate of urbanization is a reflection of the inequity between rural and urban development. Lack of employment opportunities in the village causes the population to go into town to find work. The imbalance of development that occurs is a result of implementing a liberal economic system that only emphasizes growth, while on the other side of the agricultural sector is not paid any appropriate attention. The farmers are at a very weak and do not have a good bargaining position, with the exchange rate is very lame. Even regarding with the foodstuffs such as rice, wheat, sugar, salt, etc., Indonesia has to import from abroad. The imbalances of development do not only occur between rural and urban, but also between Java and the outside of Java, and between western and eastern Indonesia regions. This imbalance should be found a solution, with good management and equitable development, including the political will to reform the economic system in favor of the Indonesian people
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Urban Crime Pattern and its Implication for Abuja Municipal Area Council, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study examined the spatio-temporal analysis of urban crime pattern and its implication for Abuja Municipal Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria; it has the aim of using Geographical Information System to improve criminal justice system. The aim was achieved by establishing crime incident spots, types of crime committed, the time it occurred and factors responsible for prevailing crime. The methods for data collection involved Geoinformatics through the use of remote sensing and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) for spatial data. Questionnaires were administered for other attribute information required. The analysis carried out in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment especially for mapping and the establishment of spatial patterns. The results indicated that the main types of crime committed were theft and house breaking (42.9%), followed by assault (12.4%), mischief (11.3%), forgery (10.5%), car snatching (9.05%), armed robbery (8.5%), trespass (5.2%) and culpable homicide (0.2%). In terms of hot spots the districts recorded the following: Garki (27.62%), Maitama (25.7%), Utako (24.3%), Wuse (20.9%) and Asokoro district (1.4%) respectively with most of the crime committed during the day time. Many attributed the crimes to mainly high rate of unemployment and poverty (79.1%). Consequently to reduce the crime rate, the socio-economic situation of the city must be improved through properly constructed interventions scheme in areas known to quickly generate employment such as agriculture, small and medium scale enterprises, mining and tourism.