Indonesian Journal of Geography
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Urban sprawl functional-structural changes in neighborhood settlements: Case of study Shiraz
No full textSprawl is one of the forms of expansion that has entered the literature of urban management and planning in the last half-century. Iranian cities are very good example for city sprawl and they have experienced this kind of expansion in very short period and very fast. This paper aims to identify, describe, and analyze Shiraz scatter and sprawl development and its resulting functional-structure, this research is based on exploratory, descriptive and analytical methods. Data collection in this research is through the secondary data and fieldwork research techniques. Data analysis demands descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson regression correlation). This study suggests that since 1952 Shiraz city has experienced rapid growth, continuous and non-continuous. The proportion of scatter and sprawl development with respect to Shiraz expansion increased from 22.02 in 1957-1967 to 72.8 in 1977-2007. There are three period the first rapid development between 1957 and 2967 after that 5 years gap and the next period which is longer from 30 years between 1977 and 2007. This turning points is in two specific periods are as the result of some consequences: Conversion of agricultural function as a predominant economic function in neighboring communities, into multi-functional agricultural function with emphasis upon services; of some of the rural settlements into Shiraz; The development of extended spatial, administrative, economic, social and structural changes in residential part of Shiraz. Therefore, socioeconomic activities are the main cause of urban sprawl in Shiraz and made Shiraz the most attractive place for in Fars Province. Population growth with correlation between degree of Shiraz scatter development and number of people engaged to service sector by 0.9 has caused a dramatically decline in agriculture (-0.8) and industry (-0.811) sectors. As result rapid urban population growth rate correlation by (0.127) and urbanization coefficient (0.726) and it shows urban and rural migration very important role on scatter development
Tidal Swamps Development in West Kalimantan: Farmers Prefer A Rational-Moderately Strategy
No full textThe Indonesian government has spent lots of budgets and built more infrastructures to escalate the intensive rice farming in the tidal swamps since 1970s. However, the success story is very limited. This study aims to describe some obstacles in the practice of rice intensification, and also to explain some factors leading to their failure. In explaining this context, we refer them to our-own-experiences in tidal lowlands development project from 2008 to 2009, literatures study, and then it is deepened by doing collectives case study –that is consisting of three studies in the type of-B, C, and D overflows. The local farmers used to reject the intensive rice farming practices. The use of local paddy varieties is a prefer strategy option. It is closely related to minimize the farming cost and also as a strategy so that they have more time to manage another farm activities. Rationally the farmers prefer growing a variety of perrenial crop species that suits their personal needs and strategies. In conclusion, this study showed that agro-ecological based farm could be the most adaptive way in optimizing the indigenous rice farming
Spatio-temporal analysis of land use/land cover dynamics in Sokoto Metropolis using multi-temporal satellite data and Land Change Modeller
No full textUrbanization is currently one of the most pressing environmental issues which cuts across all countries at unprecedented rates and intensities, with far reaching consequences on ecosystems, biodiversity and human wellbeing. This paper assessed urban expansion and land use/land cover changes in Sokoto metropolis, North-western Nigeria using Remote Sensing and GIS. Landsat images of 1990, 1999 and 2015 were processed for LULC classification and change detection using the Maximum Likelihood Classification, Post Classification Comparison techniques and the Land Change Modeler. The classification revealed five broad land cover classes which include Built-up Area, Farmland, Green Area, Open Space and Wetland/Water. The Built-up and Green areas continuously increased while Farmland and Open space decreased throughout the study period. The metropolis expanded radially at a faster rate between 1999 and 2015 with the highest rate of increase (1890.5ha per annum) recorded in the Built-up Area. This implies a doubling time of approximately 30 years at the expense of Farmland and Open space which may be completely exhausted in 40 and 29 years respectively. Infrastructural provision should thus align with the rate and direction of growth and where the Green Area is converted, replacement should be made to ensure continued supply and stability of the numerous ecosystem services green areas provide
Enhancing the knowledge spillover through the formation of the oligocentric national innovation system
No full textThe processes of spatial polarization of economic activity and potential of regional innovation systems are an important area of study of the innovation transfer in the global world. The present study continues the scientific discussion on the ratio of concentration and uniform innovation development. The objective of the study is to analyze indicators of spatial concentration of innovation activity and the knowledge spillover between regions in the national innovation system. The main methods are the application of the Herfindal-Hirschman index, as well as cartographic analysis. The analysis of the concentration degree of the following indicators of innovation activity was carried out: patents, developed and used advanced technologies, R&D costs, output of innovative products in these regions of Russia using the Herfindal-Hirschman index. A graphical method was used to identify the main regions of the centers and peripheries, and a map of fragmentation of the country's innovative cores was constructed. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis of a greater spatial concentration of knowledge in comparison with the release of innovative products. Analysis of potential knowledge spillover between regions showed that the indicators associated with the generation of knowledge, focused on the Russian regions is significantly stronger than the indicators for innovative output: spatial concentration of developed advanced technologies are higher than that used advanced technologies, and the concentration of expenditure on technological innovations ahead of the release of innovative products. This indicates an unbalanced nature of the effects of the innovative spillover, when the use of technologies is more widespread than their development and implementation. Recommendations are also presented on a more efficient organization of the innovation space and on the transition from a monocentric model of organizing a socio-economic space to an oligocentric model to reduce excessive polarization and increase the efficiency of knowledge spillover
How Far Can Tourism Go? Residents' Attitudes toward Tourism Development in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia
No full textIn the last 10 years, tourism has been rapidly growing in Yogyakarta. Studies show that tourism development in Yogyakarta has led to irritated feelings among local residents. This study aims to measure residents' attitudes toward tourism development in Yogyakarta by using validated measurement properties with a scale that measures residents' attitudes toward sustainable tourism development (SUS-TAS). The instrument was distributed to 1,687 local residents living in three main tourist destinations in Yogyakarta. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to measure the validity and internal reliability of each variable. Descriptive quantitative analysis was also conducted to investigate the level of agreement among residents to each variable. Findings support the seven dimensions in the SUS-TAS scale. Perceived social cost and community participation are the variables with the lowest level of agreement among the variables. Results also confirm underlying tourism development problems in Yogyakarta.
Characterizing River Baseflow Recession Using Linear Reservoir Model in Alang Watershed, Central Java, Indonesia
Get PDFAlang is a sub-watershed emptying into the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir in Wonogiri, Central Java Indonesia, with an area of 51.01 km2 and lithology composed of Baturetno Formation and Wonosari Formation. Baseflow is a major component of river flow during the dry season. Hence, the characterization of its recession becomes necessary, and it can be performed with innovation in baseflow hydrological modeling, that is, the recession curve. This study was designed to describe the distinctive features of baseflow recession using a linear reservoir model, which is depicted in individual and master recession curves. The baseflow recession in AlangSubwatershed was represented by a combination of varying initial recession discharge (Q0), α, and recession constants (Krb). The individual recession curves were typified by Q0=0.19-9.11, α= 0.089-0.243, and Krb=0.7843-0.9148. As for the master recession curve, it had Q0=9.99, α=0.085, and Krb=0.928. These results signify a sloping recession curve, meaning that the water storage and aquifer characteristics that store and transmit water in Alang Subwatershed are in good condition
Potential of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for Mapping of Soft Clay Area in Paddy Fields of Kedah, Malaysia
Get PDFMapping of soft clay area in paddy fields uses remote sensing and GIS technique is the fastest way to obtain an accurate location of soft clay in a large scale area. It can be an alternative way to change conventional method like in-situ observation that is expensive and labor intensive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to map soft clay area in paddy fields Kedah, Malaysia. To analyze soft clay area comprehensively, the study was carried out in three different periods; before paddy planting, after paddy planting and harvest. Ground-truth data of soft clay area was collected from study area during fieldwork activity and compared with NDVI values that produced from Landsat 8 image. Result of study showed NDVI map in period of before paddy planting could be a good indicator for mapping soft clay area because it gave a higher accuracy value than the other periods, with overall accuracy (85%) and kappa coefficient (0,84). Total area of soft clay from the highest value was showed in period of before paddy planting (1.856,97 ha), followed by after paddy planting (656,73 ha) and harvest (401,85 ha) periods, respectively
Identification of the Main Water Quality Parameters for Monitoring and Evaluating Watershed Health
No full textWater quality is one of the crucial parameters in monitoring and evaluating watersheds. A large number of parameters causes the monitoring and evaluation of watershed performance to be less efficient and costly. This study aims to determine the main parameters as a method of simplifying water quality observation parameters by producing equations that can be used to predict the level of pollution of a non-point source pollutant (watershed). A sampling of surface water was carried out by purposive sampling at several outlets located in the Brantas and Upper Solo watersheds. The research parameters analysed were: TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, Phenol, Free Chlorineine, Sulfide, Arsenic, Fe, Pb, Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite, Detergent, Turbidity and E. Coli. The results of the analysis of water quality are used to calculate the value of the Pollution Index (PI) according to the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 115 of 2003 and to determine the class of water quality standards that refer to Class III water quality standards, in Government Regulation No.82 of 2001. The analysis showed that all samples were at mild to moderate pollution levels, and did not meet class III water quality standards. Multiple regression analysis produced two equations, namely: Model 1: PI = 3.952 + 91.668 Phenol and Model 2: PI = 3.086 + 80.167 Phenol + 0.152 BOD, with R squared values of 53% and 69.9% with a confidence level of 0.005. Thus the prediction of pollution levels of similar watershed can be made only by using the two most influential parameters namely phenol and/or BOD alone.
Geographical Appraisal of Gender Disparity and Progress in Literacy of Haryana, India
No full textThe present research relates to the northern state of Haryana in India and to find out the objective of advancement and the existing gender gap in literacy with identification of responsible factors, the study uses the secondary data obtained from different censuses of India, National Crime Record Bureau and various other related sources. The disparity index is calculated to examine the gender gap in literacy whereas the correlation coefficient is used to ascertain its relationship with major determinants. Though the country and the state have achieved a reputed position with the literacy rate of 74.04 and 75.55 per cent respectively in 2011 yet inequality in the learning of male-female is a matter of concern for both entities. The figure for the district Mewat (which also lies at bottom in overall literacy as per ongoing census data) shows more discrimination in male-female learning, as here the male literacy rate is approximate to the double (69.97 per cent versus 36.60 per cent) of the females. To some extent, in areas like Mewat, Palwal and Fatehabad this discrimination is an outcome of societal stances, religion, fiscal or ethnical determinants and cultural stereotype as these factors of the environs have a direct or indirect association with literacy. So to ensure the equality and quality in education in basic or compulsory education, there is a need for massive investment on resources with communal awareness regarding significance as well as claptrap obstacles in the way of the learning