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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic : a longitudinal analysis of body weight variations and their implications for daily habits.
No full textAssessing changes in lifestyle, dietary habits, eating behaviors, and stress during the pandemic and their impact on weight is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study investigated weight variations among Brazilians and associated habit changes over nine months during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was applied (T0/T1, T2). Weight variation classifications were determined from T0 to T1 and evaluated longitudinally for changes in lifestyle, dietary habits, food consumption, eating behavior, and perceived stress using generalized estimating equations (p < 0.05). Out of 453 participants, 23.6% lost weight, 18.1% maintained their weight, 26.0% gained up to 2.4 kg, and 32.2% gained ≥ 2.5 kg. Weight loss was associated with decreased food consumption and increased stress at T2. The group that gained up to 2.4 kg reported reduced food intake, snacking, meal preparation, and candy consumption but increased stress at T2. Those gaining ≥ 2.5 kg initially increased food consumption, snacking, meal preparation, hamburgers/canned products, sugary drinks, instant meals/snacks, candies, and fast food consumption at T1, all of which were reduced at T2, along with a decrease in uncontrolled and emotional eating. Although the pandemic initially affected daily habits differently based on weight changes, participants—especially those who gained more weight—tended to revert to pre-pandemic habits
Representações de licenciandos/as sobre a docência em Língua Inglesa : parceria universidade-escola na formação Inicial, no estágio supervisionado e extensão universitária.
No full textPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Departamento de Letras, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.A presente investigação está inserida na área da Linguística Aplicada (LA) e vem fazer coro
aos estudos que alinham ensino-aprendizagem de Língua Inglesa (LI) e o processo de
aprendizagem da docência. A pesquisa buscou mapear as (des)construções de representações e
identidades de licenciandos/as em LI, alunos/as das disciplinas de Estágio Supervisionado e
participantes do projeto de extensão “Diálogos com a Escola”, sobre o ensino e aprendizagem
de LI e a formação docente, inseridos no contexto da Universidade pública da Região dos
Inconfidentes, no Estado de Minas Gerais. A pesquisa também buscou analisar em que medida
projetos de extensão (PE) e oferta de disciplinas de Estágio Supervisionado (ES) mitigam – ou
não – as barreiras que há entre a universidade e a escola. Assim sendo, o estudo se configura
como qualitativo e de modalidade de pesquisa de base etnográfica (Brasileiro, 2016). O corpus
foi gerado a partir de questionários semiestruturados, narrativas escritas e notas de campo de
observação de aulas presenciais e online das disciplinas de Estágio Supervisionado e do PE
Diálogos com a Escola. Os dizeres dos participantes da pesquisa, foram analisados à luz da
Análise do Discurso de linha franco brasileira (Pechêux, 1975; Orlandi, 2003; 2012; 2015), da
Linguística Aplicada e de noções advindas da psicanálise freudo-lacaniana (Sól, 2015). Os
resultados apontam que, diante de práticas da formação docente, os licenciandos/as se
(des)constroem identitariamente sob efeito de sentimentos de altas e baixas perspectivas em
relação à docência em LI, com momentos de euforia, quando se veem enquanto professores de
uma sala de aula “real”, e angústia, quando se veem responsáveis por tanto e ao mesmo tempo
sem tantos recursos, apoio e tempo (Pêcheux, 2002; Grigoletto, 2003). À conclusão, pode-se
inferir que, com relação à representação dos professores, estes se veem a partir do olhar do
outro, - sejam esses outros os seus professores da infância, os professores regentes das escolas
onde estão realizando os estágios, ou ainda os alunos, funcionários, toda a comunidade escolar-
, o que leva-os a capturar discursos e/ou ações sobre o professor de LI que acabam sendo
repetidas e incorporadas às suas próprias (des)construções identitárias e suas representações.This research is inserted around Applied Linguistics (LA) and comes to choir the studies that
align teaching-learning of English Language (LI) and the learning process of teaching. The
research sought to map the (dis)constructions of representations and identities of
undergraduates/as in LI, students/as of the disciplines of Supervised Internship and participants
of an extension project “Dialogues with the School”, on the teaching and learning of LI and
teacher training, in the context of the Public University of the Inconfidentes Region, in the State
of Minas Gerais. The research also sought to analyze to what extent extension projects (PE) and
offer of Supervised Internship (ES) disciplines mitigate - or not- the barriers between the
university and the school. Thus, the study is configured as qualitative and ethnographic research
modality (Brasileiro, 2016). The corpus was generated from semi-structured questionnaires,
written narratives, and field notes from the observation of classroom and online classes of the
disciplines of Supervised Internship and PE Dialogues with the School. The words of the
participants of the research were analyzed in the light of the Brazilian Franco Discourse
Analysis (Pechêux, 1975; Orlandi, 2003; 2012; 2015), Applied Linguistics and notions from
freudian-lacanian psychoanalysis (Sól, 2015). The results show that, before the practices of
teacher training, the undergraduates/ the if (dis) build identically under the effect of feelings of
high and low perspectives in relation to the internship, with moments of euphoria, when they
see themselves as teachers of a classroom "real", and anguish, when they see themselves
responsible for both and at the same time without so many resources, support and time
(Pêcheux, 2002; Grigoletto, 2003). In conclusion, it can be inferred that, with regard to the
representation of teachers, these are seen from the perspective of the other, – whether these are
their childhood teachers, the regent teachers of the schools where they are performing the
internships, or students, employees, the entire school community –, which leads them to capture
discourses and/or actions about the LI teacher that end up being repeated and incorporated into
their own (dis)identity constructions and their representations
Co-occurrence of obesogenic behaviors and their implications for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic : a study with university students.
No full textBackground: The university years are a critical period for young adults, as they are more exposed to obesogenic behaviors and experience stressful situations that compromise their mental health. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms and evaluate the association between the combined occurrence of obesogenic behaviors among university students.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on students from a public university in Brazil during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Data were collected from July to August 2020 using an online questionnaire. The outcome variables (anxiety and depression symptoms) were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The co-occurrence of obesogenic behaviors was measured based on irregular consumption of fruits and vegetables, frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods, physical inactivity during leisure time, and sedentary behavior. A Venn diagram was used for the exploratory analysis. To verify the association between the outcome and explanatory variables, a directed acyclic graph model was constructed, and multivariate logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).
Results: A total of 1,353 students aged 18–24 years participated in this study. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were present in 46.1% and 54.6% of the participants, respectively. The most prevalent combination of obesogenic behaviors was frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods, physical inactivity during leisure time, and sedentary behavior (17.2%). The greater the number of simultaneous obesogenic behaviors, the higher the chance to present symptoms of anxiety [OR: 2.81 (95%CI: 1.77–4.46)] and depression [OR: 3.46 (95%CI: 2.20–5.43)].
Conclusion: These findings reinforce the need to take actions to promote mental health in the university environment in conjunction with programs to promote a healthy lifestyle and improve the physical and mental wellbeing of students
Mortality due to visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil by municipalities, 2001-2018 : a spatial-temporal analysis of estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study.
No full textObjectives: In the American regions, Brazil accounts for 97% of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases, with a case fatality rate of approximately 10%. This study aimed to investigate the VL mortality distribution in Brazil and identify high-priority and high-risk areas for intervention strategies. Study design: This was an ecological study that analysed the spatialetemporal patterns of VL mortality in Brazilian municipalities. Methods: Age-standardised VL mortality rates from the Global Burden of Disease study from 2001 to 2018 were used. The distribution of mortality in the municipalities was assessed, and subsequently the Local Index of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) analysis was conducted to identify contiguous areas with high mortality rates. Scan analysis identified clusters of high spatialetemporal risks. Results: The highest mortality rates and clusters were in municipalities located in the Northeast region and in the states of Tocantins and Roraima (North region), Mato Grosso do Sul (Central-West region), and Minas Gerais (Southeast region). According to LISA, there was an increase in the number of municipalities classified as high priority from the first 3-year period (n ¼ 434) to the last 3-year period (n ¼ 644). The spatio-temporal analysis identified 21 high-risk clusters for VL mortality. Conclusion: Areas with a high risk of VL mortality should prioritise preventing transmission, invest in early diagnosis and treatment, and promote the training of healthcare professionals
Percepções de pais e cuidadores sobre as escolhas alimentares de crianças com fatores de risco cardiovascular : uma análise qualitativa a partir do conceito de habitus.
No full textPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição. Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.O aumento da obesidade infantil e de demais fatores de risco cardiovasculares na população pediátrica é uma realidade cada vez mais desafiadora, tanto quanto sua gênese mais prevalente: uma alimentação inadequada, baseada no excesso de carboidratos e alimentos ultraprocessados. Apesar de amplamente divulgado, as famílias não conseguem alterar seu padrão de consumo, e mantém a oferta desses alimentos, mesmo para aquelas crianças com condições de risco já diagnosticadas. Dessa maneira, torna-se imprescindível a compreensão mais profunda do processo de escolha alimentar para aumentar a efetividade das intervenções implementadas. Conforme teoria de Pierre Bourdieu, boa parte das escolhas cotidianas não passam pelos mecanismos racionais, mas estão imersas nas práticas determinadas pelo habitus, conceito que define o conjunto de ações frutos da interação entre o ambiente sociocultural e o indivíduo. Este estudo buscou compreender o entendimento dos pais e cuidadores sobre os fatores que influenciam no processo de escolha da alimentação oferecida às crianças e as dificuldades em modificar o padrão alimentar já estabelecido. Empreendeu-se, por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, exploração de 16 depoimentos dos pais ou responsáveis pela alimentação de crianças na faixa etária entre 6 e 10 anos com fatores de risco cardiovascular já diagnosticados no município de Ouro Preto-MG. As entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais foram gravadas em áudio e transcritas na íntegra. O corpus gerado foi submetido à análise computacional, por meio do Iramuteq®, focado nas variáveis socioculturais e econômicas dos entrevistados e, em sequência, avaliado conforme a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, correlacionando os achados aos conceitos propostos por Bourdieu. A interpretação dos depoimentos evidenciou que a escolaridade do entrevistado, renda familiar e grau de parentesco interferiram na percepção dos pais e cuidadores sobre a alimentação de seus filhos, bem como o aspecto físico das crianças, a despeito dos fatores de risco que dependem de análise laboratorial. A análise das falas dos familiares destaca o amplo conhecimento sobre alimentação saudável e aponta a importância da rede de apoio e dos diferentes papéis entre homens e mulheres quanto ao cuidado da alimentação dos filhos. Foi possível, portanto, compreender que a escolha alimentar no cotidiano, ancorada no conceito de habitus, é mais automática que racional, marcada por aspectos do universo sociocultural e econômico em que os indivíduos estão inseridos. Partindo-se dessa premissa, pode-se aumentar a efetividade das intervenções neste preocupante grupo de risco.The increase in childhood obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors in the pediatric population is an increasingly challenging reality, as is its most prevalent genesis: an inadequate diet, based on excess carbohydrates and ultra-processed foods. Despite being widely publicized, families are unable to change their consumption pattern, and maintain the supply of these foods, even for those children with already diagnosed risk conditions. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the food choice process is essential to increase the effectiveness of implemented interventions. According to Pierre Bourdieu's theory, a large part of everyday choices do not go through rational mechanisms, but are immersed in practices determined by habitus, a concept that defines the set of actions resulting from the interaction between the sociocultural environment and the individual. This study sought to understand the understanding of parents and caregivers about the factors that influence the process of choosing the food offered to children and the difficulties in modifying the already established dietary pattern. Using a qualitative approach, we explored 16 statements from parents or those responsible for feeding children aged between 6 and 10 years old with cardiovascular risk factors already diagnosed in the city of Ouro Preto-MG. The individual semi-structured interviews were audio recorded and transcribed in full. The generated corpus was subjected to computational analysis, using Iramuteq®, focused on the sociocultural and economic variables of the interviewees and, subsequently, evaluated according to Bardin's Content Analysis technique, correlating the findings to the concepts proposed by Bourdieu. The interpretation of the statements showed that the interviewee's education, family income and degree of kinship interfered in the perception of parents and caregivers about their children's nutrition, as well as the children's physical appearance, despite the risk factors that depend on laboratory analysis. The analysis of family members' statements highlights the extensive knowledge about healthy eating and highlights the importance of the support network and the different roles between men and women in taking care of their children's nutrition. It was therefore possible to understand that daily food choices, anchored in the concept of habitus, are more automatic than rational, marked by aspects of the sociocultural and economic universe in which individuals are inserted. Based on this premise, the effectiveness of interventions in this worrying risk group can be increased
De novo assembly of the complete mitochondrial genome of Mycetophylax simplex Emery, 1888 through organelle targeting revels no substantial expansion of gene spacers, but rather some slightly shorter genes.
No full textMitochondria play a key role in cell biology and have their own genome, residing in a highly oxidative environment that induces faster changes than the nuclear genome. Because of this, mitochondrial markers have been exploited to reconstruct phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships in studies of adaptation and molecular evolution. In this study, we determined the complete mitogenome of the fungus-farming ant Mycetophylax simplex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and conducted a com- parative analysis among 29 myrmicine ant mitogenomes. Mycetophylax simplex is an endemic ant that inhabits sand dunes along the southern Atlantic coast. Specifcally, the species occur in the ecosystem known as “restinga”, within the Atlantic Forest biome. Due to habitat degradation, land use and decline of restinga habitats, the species is considered locally extinct in extremely urban beaches and is listed as vulnerable on the Brazilian Red List (ICMBio). We employed a mitochondrion- targeting approach to obtain the complete mitogenome through high-throughput DNA sequencing technology. This method allowed us to determine the mitogenome with high performance, coverage and low cost. The circular mitogenome has a length of 16,367 base pairs enclosing 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs) along with one control region (CR). All the protein-coding genes begin with a typical ATN codon and end with the canonical stop codons. All tRNAs formed the fully paired acceptor stems and fold into the typical cloverleaf-shaped secondary structures. The gene order is consistent with the shared Myrmicinae structure, and the A+T content of the majority strand is 81.51%. Long intergenic spacers were not found but some gene are slightly shorter. The phylogenetic relationships based on concatenated nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes, using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods, indicated that mitogenome sequences were useful in resolving higher-level relationship within Formicidae
Comparative study of special iron-silicon-chromium alloy electrode (FeSiCr) and Zinc electrode (Zn).
No full textA corrosão é uma reação de óxido-redução que ocorre principalmente nos metais em contato e com energia potencial
diferentes, ambos submetidos à um meio propício a circulação de elétrons ou íons. Um método muito utilizado para a
proteção dos metais, é a proteção catódica que pode ser uma proteção catódica galvânica ou proteção catódica por
corrente impressa. A estrutura a ser protegida pela proteção catódica é denominada de cátodo e o outro metal que vai
sofrer o sacrifício de doar os elétrons e se degastar é o anodo, normalmente denominado anodo de sacrifício. Existem
vários tipos de materiais que são utilizados como anodos. O Zinco (Zn) é um metal muito indicado como anodo para
proteção de embarcações pela facilidade de instalação e manutenção. Outro material utilizando na proteção catódica
como anodo é o Ferro-Silício-Cromo (FeSiCr), que é uma liga especial, considerado inerte. Comparando o eletrodo de
Zn com o eletrodo de FeSiCr para proteção catódica de tubulações de aço enterradas, pode-se concluir que o eletrodo
de FeSiCr é mais eficiente. O fator mais relevante na comparação dos dois eletrodos em uma mesma condição é a taxa
de perda de material dos mesmos.Corrosion is an oxidation-reduction reaction that occurs mainly in metals in contact and with different potential
energies, both subjected to an environment conducive to the circulation of electrons or ions. A widely used method for
protecting metals is cathodic protection, which can be galvanic cathodic protection or impressed current cathodic
protection. The structure to be protected by cathodic protection is called the cathode and the other metal that will suffer
the sacrifice of donating electrons and being worn out is the anode, normally called the sacrificial anode. There are
several types of materials that are used as anodes. Zinc (Zn) is a metal highly recommended as an anode for protecting
vessels due to its ease of installation and maintenance. Another material used in cathodic protection as an anode is Iron Silicon-Chrome (FeSiCr), which is a special alloy, considered inert. Comparing the Zn electrode with the FeSiCr
electrode for cathodic protection of buried steel pipes, it can be concluded that the FeSiCr electrode is more efficient.
The most relevant factor when comparing the two electrodes in the same condition is their material loss rate
Risco e vulnerabilidade de comunidades a jusante de barragens de rejeito no licenciamento ambiental : diagnóstico e propostas de aprimoramento.
No full textPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental. Núcleo de Pesquisas e Pós-Graduação em Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.Os últimos desastres com barragens de rejeito no Brasil expuseram o risco que as comunidades a jusante dessas estruturas estão sujeitas e a lacuna de tratamento desse tipo de risco em instrumentos de aprovação desse tipo de obra, como o Licenciamento Ambiental (LA) e a Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA). Posto isso, esta pesquisa realizou um diagnóstico e propôs um conjunto de metodologias de análise espacial, para aprimoramento da AIA e LA de barragens de mineração quanto à predição e gestão de riscos e vulnerabilidades de comunidades a jusante dessas estruturas. Para tanto, em uma etapa descritiva e exploratória, foi realizado o diagnóstico verificando falhas e acertos da análise dos riscos para comunidades a jusante, por meio da análise de conteúdo de 84 documentos dos processos de LA das barragens de Fundão, B1 e Maravilhas III. Em paralelo, em uma etapa aplicada, foi desenvolvido o SafeCom, um conjunto de metodologias de análises espaciais multicritério em SIG capaz de fornecer informações sobre a existência de comunidades a jusante das barragens em zonas de atingimento potenciais (LoCDam) e as vulnerabilidades sociais (SoVIDam) e físicas (PhyVIDam) dessas comunidades. O diagnóstico mostrou que, nos processos de LA e AIA de Fundão e B1, os empreendedores e o Estado subestimaram a importância de prever e gerir os riscos as comunidades a jusante de forma tempestiva. Em contrapartida, no processo de Maravilhas III, percebeu-se maior atenção as questões de risco às comunidades, mesmo que, assim como em Fundão e B1, de forma dissociada a AIA. O SafeCom aplicado como retroanálise às barragens de Fundão e B1 mostrou como a ferramenta poderia ter sido utilizada na análise locacional das estruturas, prevendo as comunidades afetadas, e tornando conhecidas suas vulnerabilidades física e social, e assim atenuar ou até impedir os danos socias vivenciados nesses desastres. Ademais, o SafeCom demonstrou potencial para fornecer informações estratégicas de proteção às comunidades a jusante de barragens e de auxílio à tomada de decisão aos órgãos decisores e partes interessadas. Isto posto, espera-se que os resultados dessa tese contribuam, não apenas para avanços na literatura acadêmica de AIA e análises espaciais, mas também para melhorias práticas de caráter procedimental e tecnológico do LA e AIA de barragens de mineração no que tange a segurança e integridade de comunidades a jusante dessas estruturas.The latest disasters with tailings dams in Brazil have exposed the risk that communities downstream of these structures are subject to and the gap in the treatment of this type of risk in approval instruments for this type of work, such as Environmental Licensing (EL) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). That said, this research carried out a diagnosis. It proposed a set of spatial analysis methodologies to improve the EIA and EL of mining dams in terms of predicting and managing risks and vulnerabilities of communities downstream of these structures. To this end, in a descriptive and exploratory stage, the diagnosis was carried out by checking failures and successes in the risk analysis for downstream communities, through the content analysis of 84 documents from the EL processes of the Fundão, B1, and Maravilhas III dams. In parallel, in an applied stage, SafeCom was developed, a set of multi-criteria spatial analysis methodologies in GIS capable of providing information on the existence of communities downstream of dams in potential reach zones (LoCDam) and social vulnerabilities (SoVIDam) and physical (PhyVIDam) of these communities. The diagnosis showed that in the EL and EIA processes of Fundão and B1, entrepreneurs and the State underestimated the importance of predicting and managing risks to downstream communities promptly. On the other hand, in the Maravilhas III process, greater attention was paid to issues of risk to communities, even though, as in Fundão and B1, EIA was dissociated. SafeCom applied as a retro- analysis to the Fundão and B1 dams showed how the tool could have been used in the locational analysis of the structures, predicting the affected communities, and making their physical and social vulnerabilities known, and thus mitigating or even preventing the social damages experienced in these disasters. Furthermore, SafeCom demonstrated the potential to provide strategic information to protect communities downstream of damages and to assist decision-making bodies and interested parties. That said, it is expected that the results of this thesis will contribute, not only to advances in the academic literature on EIA and spatial analyses but also to practical improvements of a procedural and technological nature in the ELand EIA of mining dams in terms of safety and integrity of communities downstream of these structures
A fix-and-optimize heuristic for the Unrelated Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem.
No full textThis paper proposes and evaluates a matheuristic approach for the Unrelated Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem (UPMSP). The UPMSP consists of assigning jobs to unrelated parallel machines considering different processing times for the same job in different machines. Additionally, a setup time is considered between the execution of jobs in the same machine. The problem is addressed by a fix-and-optimize matheuristic that iteratively selects a subset of variables to be fixed to their current values so that the remaining variables will compose a subproblem to be optimized by a mathematical programming solver. In the proposed approach, each subproblem consists of a subset of jobs that are assigned to a subset of machines in the incumbent solution. The subproblems are solved by the state-of-the-art exact algorithm for the UPMSP. In the experiments conducted on benchmark instances, the proposed fix-and-optimize algorithm achieved remarkable results. It outperformed the standalone exact algorithm by a large margin and resulted in competitive solutions when compared to the literature’s best-performing heuristic method for the problem. The proposed algorithm obtained the best solution for 669 out of the 1000 instances addressed in this work. Among them, 338 are new best-known solutions. In general, the proposed approach excels at solving instances with a high number of jobs per machine — it resulted in the best solution for 89% of the instances with a ratio of 10 or more jobs per machine in total
Does small frm dynamics matter for occupation diversity and job quality? : evidence from Brazil.
No full textRecent studies have explored the role of frm dynamics and the connection to job reallocation. However, limited attention has been devoted to the role of micro and small frms in this process, particularly about the quality of the jobs generated. Therefore, this article aims to measure the impact of micro and small frm dynamics on occupation diversifcation in Brazil, with specifc emphasis on job quality. The study used data from 558 microregions within the Brazilian industrial sector between 2003 and 2015. Panel data were applied to three econometric models: Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), Driscoll–Kraay (DK) and Instrumental Variable (IV) models for robustness analysis, including Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS), Limited Information Maximum Likelihood (LIML), and the Generalized Method of Moments with Continuously Updating Estimators (GMM-CUE). Our main fnding reveals that the dynamics of micro and small frms positively impact occupation diversity in Brazil, leading to the creation of a wider range of job types. Furthermore, the frequency of change of frms from microenterprises to small businesses increases the occupation diversity in the Brazilian industrial sector. Our fndings are signifcant in providing policy recommendations for developing countries to achieve a more diverse labor market