277989 research outputs found
Sort by
Gas Sorption in Porous Ionic Packings (PIPs) Based on the Closo-dodecaborate anion
No full textPorous ionic packings (PIPs) offer a novel strategy for designing functional porous materials using packed large spherical ions to create intrinsic, isolated voids within a crystal lattice. These materials exhibit accessible pores for small gases at moderate temperatures, despite the lack of pore interconnectivity. We demonstrate this concept with (NMe₄)₂B₁₂H₁₂, which adopts a face-centered cubic anti-CaF₂ structure. We speculate that the dynamic ion rotation facilitates gas diffusion, while polarized B–Hδ⁻ bonds enhance affinity to H2
Social decision-making in severe alcohol use disorder and binge drinking : combined behavioral and eye-tracking methods
No full textSevere alcohol use disorder (SAUD) has traditionally been considered as a brain disease seen as solely pertaining to the individual, but more recent research has also highlighted profound disruptions in social functioning. Building on this perspective, studies have documented broad deficits in social cognition, focusing on patients with SAUD’ ability to interpret social signals. This thesis goes a step further by examining how patients respond to these signals and behave in social contexts, by exploring their social decision-making behaviors and underlying processes. Additionally, given that research has predominantly focused on SAUD without considering other patterns of alcohol consumption, the secondary objective is to determine whether these social decision-making biases extend to subclinical populations, particularly binge drinkers (BD), in line with the continuum hypothesis. Our findings indicate that social decision-making is indeed biased in SAUD, in conjunction with impaired social cognition. While the precise mechanisms remain unclear, attentional processes and social learning may play a role. However, in BD, social decision-making appears largely preserved, suggesting that these biases may only emerge after prolonged alcohol exposure.Le trouble sévère de l’usage de l’alcool (TSUA) a longtemps été considéré comme une maladie du cerveau relevant de l’individu seul, mais des recherches récentes ont également mis en évidence des déficits majeurs en cognition sociale, en se concentrant sur la capacité des patients atteints de TSUA à interpréter les signaux sociaux. Cette thèse propose d’aller au-delà de cette approche en examinant non seulement comment ces patients perçoivent ces signaux, mais aussi comment ils y réagissent et ajustent leur comportement dans des contextes sociaux, à travers leur prise de décision sociale et ses processus sous-jacents. Par ailleurs, la recherche s’étant jusqu’ici principalement focalisée sur le TSUA, sans prendre en compte d’autres profils de consommation d’alcool, l’objectif secondaire de cette thèse est d’examiner si ces biais de prise de décision sociale sont également présents dans des populations sous-cliniques, notamment chez les buveurs excessifs (binge drinkers), en accord avec l’hypothèse d’un continuum entre les troubles liés à la consommation d’alcool. Nos résultats indiquent que la prise de décision sociale est effectivement biaisée chez les patients atteints de TSUA, en parallèle de leurs déficits en cognition sociale. Bien que les mécanismes sous-jacents restent à préciser, les processus attentionnels et l’apprentissage social semblent jouer un rôle clé. En revanche, la prise de décision sociale apparaît préservée dans le binge drinking, suggérant que ces altérations émergent seulement après une exposition prolongée à l’alcool.(PSYE - Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation) -- UCL, 202
Les nouvelles technologies et la récolte de preuves lors des enquêtes pénales : le cas des données informatiques
No full textXx
L'action humaine
No full textAu lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, au moment où les grandes puissances se dotent l’une après l’autre de l’arme nucléaire, la question de savoir ce qui motive l’action humaine – dans ses déclinaisons les plus charitables comme les plus sombres – fait rage. Depuis Oxbridge, alors le haut lieu de la philosophie, la professeure Elizabeth Anscombe prend la question à bras le corps et développe une pensée originale, qui contribue à renouveler de fond en comble les débats qui entourent la morale et l’action. Dans un style dense, où s’entremêlent savamment étude de cas concrets et étude conceptuelle, elle détricote la pensée de ses augustes prédécesseurs pour en démontrer les carences et réhabilite, dans le sillage de Wittgenstein et d’Aristote, une éthique nouvelle, résolument pratique et radicale. Ce recueil d’articles – dont la plupart sont traduits ici pour la première fois en français – est bienvenu et même nécessaire, à l’heure où Anscombe, figure brillante et encore trop peu connue, s’établit comme une autrice classique de la philosophie contemporaine
Gallium based hollow silica nanospheres for the acid-catalyzed upgrading of glycerol: Enhanced activity disclosed via an in-depth nuclear magnetic resonance approach
No full textGa-doped hollow silica nanosphere and nanotubes were synthetized using a soft template sol–gel method. The low dimensional morphologies (0D or 1D) were obtained by simply adjusting the stirring speed during the synthesis procedure. The two materials were fully characterized using different techniques such as ssNMR, N2 physisorption, XRD, TEM or ICP-OES. The influence of the calcination temperature on the coordination environment of gallium as well as the accessibility of the gallium active sites was proved via 71Ga ssNMR. The acid features of the solids were studied via a combined approach based on FT-IR of adsorbed ammonia and 31P ssNMR using trimethylphosphine as a probe molecule. The latter technique allows unveiling a higher Brønsted/Lewis acid sites ratio of Ga-nanospheres as compared to Ga-nanotubes, probably as a consequence of the more defective spherical shell. Both nanostructures were tested for the conversion of glycerol to solketal. Ga-nanospheres revealed improved catalytic performance in comparison with the corresponding nanotubes and displayed outstanding activity with respect to other solid catalysts reported in the literature and tested under the same reaction conditions. Moreover, they proved to be stable and reusable in multiple cycles. The E-factor calculated under the best condition was below 1 thus proving the sustainability of the process
Supporting scientists who study and work abroad
No full textWe gave young scientists this prompt: When pursuing science education or work abroad, what is the biggest challenge you face? What one change would help scientists from your country or region overcome this challenge
Comments on the relation between rewilding and history
No full textShould we speak of European wilding instead of (re)wilding? Many authors believe that the European rewilding movement is more future-oriented, a form of ‘anticipatory ecologies’ producing the future, whereas its North American counterpart is past-oriented (Prior & Brady, 2017; Wynne-Jones et al., 2020). Indeed, rewilding has a strong relationship to time, encompassing both nostalgia and idealized futures (De Vroey, 2023). During my fieldwork in Vercors, France, I frequently encountered a recurring argument from opponents of a local rewilding project: ‘We are like the Aboriginals, chased from our own lands.’ I decided to take this seriously and believe that, for these people, rewilding means losing their rights as moderns to use and exploit the land, rendering them ‘without-a-world’ in the decolonial sense (Danowski et al., 2016; Latour, 2006). For Jameson, post-modernity is characterized by the domination of space over time. Due to the disappearance of nature and ancient ways of living, moderns become unrooted and transition into post-moderns (Jameson, 1984; Malm, 2018). In this perspective, rewilding can resonate as a theology of liberation from this historical trajectory, realizing the Heideggerian ideal of ‘letting-be’ in coexistence with a letting-go of nature, as suggested by Robert Noss (Noss, 1991). One of the main factors explaining why European rewilding is future-oriented is the absence of remnants of a wild Europe and the pervasive presence of significant human populations and activities. For all these reasons, European rewilding is part of a struggle to make these timeoriented political imaginations exist and become possible (Castoriadis, 2021). Thus, rewilding in Europe can be understood as a form of ‘chronopolitics’ (Esposito & Becker, 2023; Osborne, 1999). Based on the ethnography I conducted and the data collected from three rewilding organizations in France and Belgium, I will explore how they relate to time and politics in their interpretation and practice of rewilding