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Exploring Isostructural Metal-Organic Frameworks with Biosourced Linkers for Enhanced Hydrogen Sorption (poster presentation)
No full textWe present a series of isostructural M(II) MOFs based on a biosourced gallate linker, with a focus on their structural evolution and H2 sorption behavior. Among them, MgGallate shows the highest H₂ uptake (1.4 wt.% at 77 K and 1 bar) and a constant isosteric heat of adsorption (Qₛₜ = 8.6 kJ/mol), despite lacking open metal sites. To elucidate the activation mechanism, in situ synchrotron PXRD reveals a reversible two-step dehydration, transitioning from a dihydrate to a stable, fully activated phase under vacuum. This phase retains crystallinity and exhibits well-defined ultramicropores that enable efficient H2 adsorption. Complementary in situ neutron powder diffraction with D₂ identifies two distinct adsorption sites located within the pore volume, with no interaction observed at the metal centers. These sites are symmetrically independent and become fully occupied at saturation, as revealed by sequential Rietveld refinement across multiple pressures. This confirms a purely confinement-driven sorption mechanism, further validated by quantitative agreement with macroscopic isotherms and site occupancies determined from Rietveld refinement at different pressures. Importantly, the heat of adsorption remains constant throughout the loading range, indicating uniform adsorption energy across the pore space, distinct from typical MOFs with open metal sites where Qₛₜ decreases upon saturation. Additionally, a mechanochemical synthesis route further enhances the material’s sustainability, offering rapid, scalable access to this material. The reaction proceeds under solvent-free conditions with high atom economy, achieving a space-time yield of over 600 kg/m³/day
Du self-paced reading à l’eye-tracking. Études expérimentales des effets cognitifs du langage inclusif
No full textLe langage inclusif vise à instaurer une parité entre les femmes et les hommes dans le discours oral et écrit, soit par le dédoublement des marques de genre, soit par leur neutralisation (Rosier & Rabatel, 2019). Depuis l'automne 2017, certaines pratiques suscitent d'intenses débats dans la sphère francophone. Deux arguments principaux sont avancés : d'une part, l'emploi de doublets abrégés (ex. avocat·e, comédien·ne, agriculteur·rice) serait une entrave à la lecture, en particulier pour les personnes avec un faible niveau de littéracie ; d'autre part, sur le plan grammatical, le masculin générique permettrait d'englober les femmes et les hommes sans devoir recourir à d'autres techniques. Malgré leur prévalence dans le débat public, ces arguments ne sont pas toujours suffisamment étayés par des données scientifiques, pourtant disponibles et susceptibles de faire progresser ces débats (par ex. Gygax & Gesto, 2007 ; Liénardy & al., 2023 ; Girard & al., 2024). Lors de cette communication, nous avons présenté les résultats d’une étude menée en self-paced reading (Liénardy & al., 2023) portant sur les effets du langage inclusif sur la lisibilité et les représentations mentales. Cette première partie nous a permis de discuter les apports de cette étude ainsi que ses limites méthodologiques et théoriques. Dans un second temps, nous avons présenté de manière prospective les dispositifs expérimentaux de trois études en cours de développement, mobilisant les techniques d’oculométrie (eye-tracking) pour étudier les effets cognitifs du langage inclusif, tant à l’écrit qu’à l’oral. Ces études visent à dépasser les limites des approches précédentes en s’intéressant à deux axes principaux : (1) les effets du langage inclusif sur la lecture de personnes dyslexiques ou en difficulté de lecture, souvent citées mais rarement étudiées empiriquement dans les débats publics ; et (2) les effets du langage inclusif sur les représentations mentales de genre, notamment à travers l'utilisation du paradigme du monde visuel
Role of xylem in root hydraulics: functionality and implications for drought adaptation
No full textRoot water transport has been viewed as primarily limited by the radial component, with the axial pathway considered highly conductive and non-limiting. This is supported by theoretical estimates of axial conductance using the Hagen–Poiseuille equation. However, increasing evidence indicates that actual axial conductance is often nearly an order of magnitude lower than predicted, challenging assumptions that it doesn’t limit water uptake. In this review, we discuss how recent model inversion approaches, guided by root hydraulic conductance measurements, have revealed that water transport can be co-limited by radial and axial conductance. We explore possible explanations for this co-limitation, with particular attention to root topology. Finally, we highlight how drought-induced adjustments in xylem vessel traits can reduce axial conductance, contributing to water conservation and cavitation resistance, thereby supporting drought adaptation strategies. Understanding and leveraging this overlooked limitation opens new avenues for breeding crops with improved water-use efficiency and resilience to drough
Research Handbook on European Anti-Discrimination Law
No full textThis Research Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of European anti-discrimination law, outlining developments in both international and national law, as well as in EU law and the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. Critically assessing both legal doctrine and social impact, it describes and analyses emerging trends in this dynamic area of law. Leading experts compare the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights and the EU Court of Justice, examining core concepts ranging from direct and indirect discrimination to harassment, intersectional discrimination and reasonable accommodation. Chapters explore specific topics such as positive action, migration policy and the threat of algorithmic discrimination, as well as shedding light on protected characteristics such as disability, ethnicity, religion, sex and sexual orientation. Contributors analyse the impact of relevant EU equality bodies as well as human rights treaties such as the European Social Charter, consider critical race theory, and challenge perspectives on binaries around gender and sex. They also assess the effectiveness of civil enforcement measures and analyse case-law relating to environmental discrimination, economic inequalities and other areas of concern. The Research Handbook is an essential resource for students, academics and researchers specialising in anti-discrimination law, European law and human rights law, and is also greatly beneficial to socio-legal scholars and government officials
Love is not Enough… The Need for Adapted Parenting
No full textParental maltreatment due to inadequacy is a form of inappropriate parenting that leads to emotional, educational, and/or neglect-related deficiencies with severe consequences for a child’s physical and psychological development, though it is not necessarily intentional abuse. This constitutes a violation of the fundamental rights established in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. We present the case of a two-and-a-half-year-old boy who was brought to the emergency department by the police. He was severely malnourished, which resulted in nutritional rickets and developmental delay. He had been fed almost exclusively breast milk. His parents had a profoundly distorted perception of his needs. This case is discussed from paediatric, child psychiatric, and legal perspectives
Improving Home Dialysis Technique Success ? Telemedicine as a means to improve technique success
No full textThe quiet engine of progress: Scholar networks before the Industrial Revolution
No full textSince the Middle Ages and throughout the early modern period, European universities and academies established dense webs of interpersonal connections among scholars. Using historical data on European scholars and their academic affiliations, this column argues that such networks were a key channel for the spread of knowledge across time and space. Especially without the dense networks offered by academies, where scholars could simultaneously hold multiple affiliations, ideas would spread only locally and fade. It was not the ideas themselves but the long-lasting institutions around them (or lack thereof) that made the difference
Hexadentate N,N,N’,N’-tetrapyrazolyl alkyl diamine metal complexes as scaffolds for bimetallic systems
No full textMultielectron transformations are essential in the catalytic activity of many rare transition metals such as palladium-based catalysts. However, transposing this chemistry to more accessible and sustainable metals remains challenging as such elements tend to favor single-electron transfer. To overcome this limitation, placing two redox-active metal partners in close proximity can promote cooperative two-electron processes. Cooperativity is a key concept in chemistry, whereby multiple components work together to achieve a specific function. In particular, redox cooperativity refers to the facilitated transfer of multiple electrons involving several redox-active partners, i.e., multielectron transformations. Tetrapyrazole-based ligands represents a new class of ditopic hexadentate scaffolds, offering a tunable second coordination sphere through accessible N–H protons. Their ability to reversibly switch from pyrazole to pyrazolate donors allows control over metal redox properties and binding modes, paving the way for the formation of bimetallic complexes and the investigation of metal-metal redox cooperativity.(SC - Sciences) -- UCL, 202
