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Adaptations de la formation médicale aux attentes de la société concernant le système de santé : expérience belge {Adapting medical training to society’s expectations of thehealthcare system: The Belgian experience}
No full textThis article outlines the main points of the recent adaptations in medical education at the Faculty of Medicine at UCLouvain in Brussels, in response to the current challenges of the healthcare system. The focus is on social responsibility in healthcare, an approach that integrates professional skills, ethics, sustainability, while addressing challenges related to population aging, the rise of chronic diseases, financial and environmental sustainability, as well as the impact of technological innovations and artificial intelligence. © 2025 l'Académie nationale de médecine Cet article présente les grandes lignes des adaptations récentes de la formation médicale au sein de la faculté de médecine de l'UCLouvain située à Bruxelles, face aux enjeux actuels du système de santé. L'accent est mis sur la responsabilité sociale en santé, une approche intégrant les compétences professionnelles, l’éthique, la durabilité, tout en répondant aux défis liés au vieillissement de la population, à l'augmentation des maladies chroniques, à la soutenabilité financière et environnementale, ainsi qu’à l'impact des innovations technologiques et de l'intelligence artificiell
Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy: Central Respiratory Chemoreception
No full textSudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a critical concern for individuals suffering from epilepsy, with respiratory dysfunction playing a significant role in its pathology. Fatal seizures are often characterized by central apnea and hypercapnia (elevated CO2 levels), indicating a failure in ventilatory control. Research has shown that both human epilepsy patients and animal models exhibit a reduced hypercapnic ventilatory response in the interictal (non-seizure) period, suggesting an impaired ability to regulate breathing in response to high CO2 levels. This review examines the role of central chemoreceptors—specifically the retrotrapezoid nucleus, raphe nuclei, nucleus tractus solitarius, locus coeruleus, and hypothalamus in this pathology. These structures are critical for sensing CO2 and maintaining respiratory homeostasis. Emerging evidence also implicates neuropeptidergic pathways within these chemoreceptive regions in SUDEP. Neuropeptides like galanin, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), orexin, somatostatin, and bombesin-like peptides may modulate chemosensitivity and respiratory function, potentially exacerbating respiratory failure during seizures. Understanding the mechanisms linking central chemoreception, respiratory control, and neuropeptidergic signaling is essential to developing targeted interventions to reduce the risk of SUDEP in epilepsy patients. Keywords: SUDEP; central respiratory chemoreception; epilepsy; retrotrapezoid nucleus; hypercapnia; neuropeptide; hypercapnic ventilatory response; galanin; PACAP; orexin; somatostati
The role of environmental self-identity, supervisory and organizational support in predicting employee green behaviour
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Improving Tutors’ Practice by Integrating Explicit Instructional Programming Strategies in Introductory Programming Courses at University
No full textContext. Often, university-level introductory programming courses (CS1) make use of undergraduate teaching assistants (UTAs). Such UTAs generally are responsible for most of the students' interactions with the CS1 course. UTAs usually have no pedagogical background. While some universities provide pedagogical training and research documents these trainings, challenges and interactions, pedagogical content knowledge specific to the teaching of programming has not been extensively researched. Objective. In this dissertation, we explore how UTAs' teaching practices can be improved by training them with dedicated evidence-based explicit instructional programming strategies. Moreover, we want to understand and characterise how UTAs use and adapt these strategies, what hinders and helps them. Methods. Based on learning transfer processes and cognitive load theory, we selected four strategies: explicit tracing, subgoal learning, Parsons problems and explicit problem solving. We used a design research approach to iterate on our interventions on the instructional design of the course's setup in three different years. This iterative process allowed us to gradually tailor explicit tracing and subgoal learning to the studied CS1 course. We progressively increased the number of UTAs participating in our study, while refining our intervention up to a full integration of the subgoal learning strategy throughout the course. We collected data on tutors' usage of the instructional strategies by mixing methods: semi-directed interviews, surveys and observations. The data was analysed using thematic analysis with both inductive and deductive coding, and the concept of fidelity of implementation. Findings. This dissertation reports on the results of this iterative process. We found that integrating subgoal learning throughout the course pushed UTAs to apply explicit instructional programming strategies in their practice. We also report on triggers for strategy uses by UTAs, adaptations made by UTAs and UTAs' fidelity of implementation of explicit tracing and subgoal learning. Implications. Since UTAs are widely used in CS courses, this work provides research-informed actionable advice to practitioners willing to integrate explicit instructional strategies in their own setup. We also discuss the feasibility of applying these strategies to school teachers.(FSA - Sciences de l'ingénieur) -- UCL, 202
Pensions des pouvoirs locaux en Belgique : La réforme de 2018 à l’épreuve de l’équité intergénérationnelle
No full textCet article examine l’impact de la réforme belge des pensions du 30 mars 2018 sur l’équité intergénérationnelle entre les fonctionnaires et les agents contractuels des administrations locales. Conçue pour corriger des déséquilibres historiques, la réforme introduit un système de pension mixte et un deuxième pilier pour les contractuels. Nous avons analysé ces évolutions à travers des simulations, en modélisant et comparant les taux de remplacement et les niveaux de pension pour différents profils, tout en mettant en lumière l’impact des nominations et des affiliations tardives. Les résultats révèlent que, si certaines inégalités entre statuts ont été réduites par la réforme, de nouvelles disparités intergénérationnelles ont émergé. Les générations intermédiaires, en particulier les agents affiliés tardivement au deuxième pilier, affichent des taux de remplacement inférieurs, comparés aussi bien aux fonctionnaires disposant d’une pension complète qu’aux jeunes contractuels, qui bénéficient davantage du système grâce à un horizon temporel plus favorable. Ces résultats soulignent les difficultés d’un modèle de capitalisation dans un contexte de transition rapide. Pour favoriser une transition plus équitable et assurer une meilleure viabilité du système, l’article évoque des ajustements dynamiques des contributions ainsi que des mécanismes de compensation ciblés pour les agents les plus impactés. Il évalue également l’effet de certains projets de réforme envisagés pour la pension statutaire qui rendront les enjeux d’équité d’autant plus prégnants
Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum revealing acute myeloid leukaemia.
No full textWe describe a man in his 60s presenting poor scar development following surgical treatment for popliteal aneurysm. The clinical features in a postoperative context and the poor clinical response to intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics were highly suggestive of bullous pyoderma gangrenosum. Histology, with dense inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils, subsequently confirmed the diagnosis and the response to systemic corticosteroids was rapid and complete. Further investigations revealed an underlying acute myeloid leukaemia, which is frequently associated with this type of neutrophilic dermatosis
Decolonize Archival Practices
No full text7 février 2025 (en ligne) : communication intitulée Decolonize Archival Practices présentée avec François Dansereau dans le cadre du séminaire Decolonizing decolonility organisé par Peggy Levitt (Wellesley College). Séance animée par Nora El Qadi
The Mechanisms and Neural Signature of Time-averaged Numerosity Perception
No full textThe animal brain is endowed with an innate sense of num- ber allowing to intuitively perceive the approximate quantity of items in a scene, or“numerosity.” This ability is not limited to items distributed in space, but also to events unfolding in time and to the average numerosity of dynamic scenes. How the brain computes and represents the average numerosity over time, however, remains unclear. Here, we investigate the mechanisms and EEG signature of the perception of average numerosity over time. To do so, we used stimuli composed of a variable number (3–12) of briefly presented dot arrays (50 msec each) and asked participants to judge the average numerosity of the sequence. We first show that the weight of different portions of the stimuli in determining the judgment depends on how many arrays are included in the sequence itself: the longer the sequence, the lower the weight of the latest arrays. Second, we show systematic adaptation effects across stimuli in consecutive trials. Importantly, the EEG results highlight two processing stages whereby the amplitude of occipital ERPs reflects the adaptation effect (∼300 msec after stimulus onset) and the accuracy and precision of average numerosity judgments (∼450–700 msec). These two stages are consistent with processes involved with the representation of perceived average numerosity and with perceptual decision- making, respectively. Overall, our findings provide new evidence showing how the visual system computes the average numerosity of dynamic visual stimuli, and support the existence of a dedicated, relatively low-level perceptual mechanism medi- ating this process
Rethinking landscapes through connectivity Wine production, consumption, and trade in northern Tuscany: updates and future perspectives (3rd century BC – 6th century AD)
No full textThe paper overviews wine production, trade, and consumption in northern Tuscany’s coastal and inland areas from the 3rd century BC to the 6th century AD. Integrating new evidence from the villa at Aiano and the harbour context of Vada Volaterrana with legacy data related to unpublished or previous excavations allows analyzing the distribution of amphorae related to wine consumption in the ager Volaterranus and the coastal area bordering with ager Pisanus. Distribution patterns examined with settlements evolution, toponyms, inscriptions, and literary sources reveal how social networks impacted production, trade, and consumption dynamics over the longue durée, leading to modifications in landscape organization and management of resources
Semer l’histoire et cueillir la guerre. Le projet de La Fleur des histoires de la terre d’Orient
No full textFlos ystoriarum terre Orientis est le nom d’une chronique qui constitue non seulement la somme historique la plus complète sur l’histoire des Mongols disponible en Europe au XIVe siècle, mais comporte aussi une synthèse des connaissances proto-géographiques sur l’Asie ainsi qu’un projet de croisade. La présente contribution vise à présenter l’œuvre dans son contexte et à analyser des extraits représentatifs des trois axes développés par l’auteur (géographique, historiographique et stratégique) de sorte à identifier les stratégies qui sous-tendent la rédaction de l’œuvre entière