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La Cour de cassation se prononce à nouveau sur la question de la déduction de la vétusté
No full textDans un arrêt du 27 juin 2024, la Cour de cassation (section néerlandophone) a décidé que : “Diegene wiens zaak door een onrechtmatige daad is beschadigd, heeft recht op het herstel van zijn vermogen door het herstel van de zaak in de staat waarin die zaak zich vóór de daad bevond. Bijgevolg heeft de benadeelde recht op het bedrag dat noodzakelijk is om de zaak te laten herstellen of vervangen, in de regel zonder dat dit bedrag mag worden verminderd wegens de vetusteit van de beschadigde of vernielde zaak”
Legal possibilities of using Russian Central Bank assets to enforce European Court of Human Rights judgments: Comparative Studies of Applicable Laws in Belgium, France, and the United Kingdom
No full textSince Russia launched the war of aggression against Ukraine in February 2022, hundreds of thousands of civilians have suffered enormous harm. Millions have been displaced or made refugees and thousands killed. However, Russia is unlikely to provide these victims any form of reparation, and has officially announced that it will not comply with judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. This report and its annexes consider a possibility as yet unexplored: European jurisdictions could use frozen assets of the Russian Central Bank to pay for compensation awards that the European Court of Human Rights may issue. These assets were frozen in 2022 as part of coordinated sanctions and thus remain in the hands of a number of states, including Belgium, France, and the United Kingdom. Looking at these three countries, the report offers a detailed analysis of the applicable laws and procedures to inform potential legal and political actions that could be taken for the relief of victims in Ukraine
4 articles dans UCLouvain 1425-2025. Six cents ans de présence au monde
No full text- 26 octobre 1797 - 9 octobre 1530 - 22 janvier 1691 - 25 décembre 157
Integrative approaches to enhance reproductive resilience of crops for climate-proof agriculture
No full textWorldwide agricultural systems are threatened by rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and shifting climate zones. Climate change-driven failure in sexual reproduction is a major cause for yield reduction in horticultural and grain crops. Consequently, understanding how climate change affects reproductive processes in crops is crucial for global food security and prosperity. The development of climate-proof crops, including maize, wheat, barley, rice, and tomato, requires new genetic material and novel management practices to ensure high productivity under less favorable conditions. Safeguarding successful plant reproduction is challenging due to the complex nature of this biological process, and therefore, a multifaceted approach is the key to success. In this review, we provide an overview of the processes underlying plant reproduction and how they are affected by different abiotic stresses related to climate change. We discuss how genetics, advanced breeding technologies, biotechnological innovations, and sustainable agronomic practices can collectively contribute to the development of resilient crop varieties. We also highlight the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in optimizing breeding strategies, predicting climate impacts, and improving crop management practices to enhance reproductive resilience and ensure food security. Lastly, we discuss the vision of a new era in agriculture where diverse actors and stakeholders cooperate to create climate-proof crops
Pathophysiological mechanisms involved in liver steatosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis over time: a bulk RNAseq data analysis
No full textBackground and aims: Liver steatosis results from metabolic dysregulations of lipid homeostasis. Drugs targeting lipid metabolism are being evaluated in clinical trials with inconsistent results.We suggest that steatosis pathophysiology evolves with MASLD progression resulting in a mismatch between the deregulated mechanisms and the drug used. Our aim is to analyze the evolution of gene expressions of key lipid metabolism genes during MASH progression in mice. Method: Foz/foz mice (FOZ) were fed normal diet (ND) (3.39 kcal/g, 16% of lipids) or high-fat diet (HFD) (5.24 kcal/g, 60% of lipids). Liver tissue was harvested at baseline (control group, N = 5) and after 4 (HFD = 4), 12 (HFD = 8) or 32 (HFD = 6) weeks. Liver samples were scored histologically (SAF score) using hematoxylin & eosin staining. Total RNA from liver samples was extracted using Qiagen® mini kits prior to bulk RNA sequencing. Sequencing data were normalized according to timepoint and diet (RStudio). Differentially expressed genes (DEG) and enrichment analysis reported by the Normalized Enrichment Score (NES) of FOZ HFD mice were compared at each timepoint with the control group. Results: Maximal liver weight to bodyweight ratiowas reached at 32 weeks (p < 0.001). Insulin resistance assessed by the HOMA-IR index was present at 4 weeks of HFD (p < 0.01). Liver histology showed the whole MASH spectrum with transcriptomics changes over time. At week 4, steatosis was observed with 284 DEG notably involved in fatty acid biosynthetic process (NES = 13.9, padj = 1.2e-4), lipid transport (NES = 9.7, padj = 8.0e-8), lipid storage (FES = 21.5, padj = 3.0e-6) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) (NES = 9.4, padj = 0.02). At week 12, steatohepatitis was observed with 469 DEG involved in 504 enriched pathways including lipid transport (NES = 14.7, padj = 3.6e-15), lipid storage (NES = 24.2, padj = 1.66e-7) and FAO (NES = 22.2, padj = 2.7e-7). At week 32, fibrosing steatohepatitis was observed with 750 DEG involved in 1167 enriched pathways including lipid transport (NES = 11.3, padj = 6.3e-21), lipid storage (NES = 24, padj = 1.4e-15) and FAO (NES = 11, padj = 7.4e-7). At the gene level, the lipid metabolism key regulator Pparɣ was downregulated in a time-dependent manner: Log2FC = − 1.6, padj = 9e-5 at week 4; Log2FC = −1.8, padj = 9e-6 at week 12 and Log2FC = −2.35, padj = 6.6e-9 at week 32. Fatty acid oxidation related genes are all downregulated at week 12, such as Obp2a (Log2FC = −3.17, padj = 0.003) and Acaa1b (Log2FC = −1.64, padj = 9.9e-9). Lipid storage genes expression also greatly change over time. Both Cidec and Fitm1involved in lipid droplet homeostasis are significantly downregulated at week 12 (Log2FC = −2.13, padj = 3e-6; Log2FC = −1.37, padj = 1.68e-7 respectively) and at week 32 (Log2FC = − 2.7, padj = 2e-5; Log2FC = −1.02, padj = 2e-4 respectively). Conclusion: Gene expression of key-lipid metabolism genes significantly change over time during MASH occurence. These shifts in gene expression of potential therapeutic targets may significantly influence the response to MASLD treatments
Expulsés sans débat : le recours abusif aux requêtes unilatérales en matière d’expulsion de biens occupés sans titre ni droit
No full textBalade dans les vignes du Seigneur
No full textPanorama biblique sur le vin et la vigne. Étude de 1 R 21 (la vigne de Naboth
Nouveaux changements dans l’exécution des peines privatives de liberté en raison de la surpopulation carcérale : l’illusion de la réforme ?
No full textLa loi du 18 juillet 2025 « portant des mesures afin de réduire la surpopulation dans les prisons et introduisant l’impossibilité de principe d’exécuter la surveillance électronique au lieu où la victime réside « ambitionne de s’attaquer à la surpopulation carcérale — qui a atteint des seuils particulièrement critiques — au travers d’un ensemble de mesures, la plupart à vocation temporaire. L'article en propose une première analyse et questionne la pertinence de cette réforme d’urgence