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Au-dessus des marécages, les oiseaux
No full textAu fil des bris, des brisures, des mots effilochés, Jacinthe Mazzocchetti raconte les mondes saccagés, les enfants tristes, les enfants prophètes et l’appel au large des mères naufragées. De fragment en fragment, ce récit poétique dépose au creux des pages de petits cailloux sur le chemin du réenchantement
Une place à prendre : entre intégration et minoration des pères dans les espaces de naissance
No full textArthur Schopenhauer : un Discours de la Méthode ou Du criticisme d'A. Schopenhauer comme philosopher
No full textThe thesis strives to construct A. Schopenhauer's work in its point of reflexio and thus appreciates it as a Discourse on Method. His philosophizing and his philosophy are then made explicit in a general demonstratio erecting, ultimately, the whole of the system in the subjectivity of its own formal and material conditions of possibility, summarizing, in this way, the entirety of the reflection thus produced in an archetypal outline, in a seeing of the seeing of the philosophical foundations, in the re-assumption, finally, of the Urbeschaffenheit in the point of the view, that in which, in a single piece, the very general relationship of the unity and the multiple, is seen to be "held distinctly in the unity of a single identity". The methodology that achieves this thus measures all the virtuality, the intensity and the extensiveness of Schopenhauerian criticism and is, in this respect, itself a major result of the research. The demonstration then works through four major analyses and proceeds along two paths: the first explains the self-consciousness of the formal possibilities of knowledge – mainly those of the principle of sufficient reason – from the typological determination of the conditions of possibility of such a auto-position; the second explains the self-consciousness of the prototypical virtuality of the archetype from its conditions of apperceptibility. In order to do this, the four major analyses proceed from special objects – perspective, color, affectivity – which reveal this quality of being relative to a specific knowledge of the principle of reason, while they seem to be able to explain a distinct species of said specific knowledge. Thus, the Projection of one sphere of knowledge onto another (perspective), the intra- and trans-empirical Variation (color and affectivity), the Trans-position and the referential Virtuality of the point of view (perspective) finally, compose the general methodological gesture of the thesis. In each of these ways, a typology of the most general objectivation of subjectivity, as well as its reconduction into an archetypal one, proved necessary for the realization of the project. The thesis concludes with a Durchsehung whose observation posits that in all knowledge, it must be possible to recognize that subjectivity is in perspective of itself, that is to say, capable of recapturing itself in the very root of knowledge.La thèse s’évertue à édifier l’œuvre d’A. Schopenhauer en son point de reflexio et l’apprécie ainsi en qualité d’un Discours de la Méthode. Son philosopher et sa philosophie s’explicitent alors en une demonstratio générale érigeant, in fine, le tout du système en la subjectivité de ses propres conditions de possibilité formelles et matérielles, résumant, de la sorte, l’entièreté de la réflexion ainsi produite en une épure archétypique, en un voir du voir des fondements philosophiques, en la réassomption, enfin, de l’Urbeschaffenheit en le point de la vue, celui en lequel, d’un seul tenant, le rapport très général de l’un et du multiple, se voit « tenir distinctement en l’unité d’une unique identité ». La méthodologie qui y atteint mesure ainsi toute la virtualité, l’intensivité et l’extensivité du criticisme schopenhauerien et est, à cet égard, elle-même un résultat majeur de la recherche. La démonstration œuvre alors au travers de quatre grandes analyses et procède selon deux voies : la première explicite la conscience de soi des possibilités formelles de la connaissance – principalement celles du principe de raison suffisante – depuis la détermination typologique des conditions de possibilité d’une telle auto-position ; la seconde explicite la conscience de soi de la virtualité prototypique de l’archétype depuis ses conditions d’aperceptibilité. Afin de ce faire, les quatre grandes analyses procèdent à partir d’objets spéciaux – la perspective, la couleur, l’affectivité – qui révèlent cette qualité d’être relatifs à une connaissance spécifique du principe de raison, cependant qu’ils semblent pouvoir expliciter une espèce distincte de ladite connaissance spécifique. Ainsi, la Projection d’une sphère de connaissance sur une autre (perspective), la Variation intra- et trans-empirique (couleur et affectivité), la Trans-position et la Virtualité référentielles du point de la vue (perspective) enfin, composent le geste méthodologique général de la thèse. En chacune de ces manières, une typologie d’objectivation la plus générale de la subjectivité, ainsi que sa reconduction en une archétypique, se sont avérées nécessaires à la réalisation du projet. La thèse conclut en une Durchsehung dont l’observation pose qu’en toute connaissance, il doit pouvoir être reconnu que la subjectivité est en perspective d’elle-même, c’est-à-dire en capacité de se ressaisir en la racine même de la connaissance.(FILO - Philosophie) -- UCL, 202
Automated NLO calculations for asymmetric hadron-hadron collisions in MadGraph5_aMC@NLO
No full textWe have extended {\tt MadGraph5_aMC@NLO} capabilities by implementing computations for asymmetric hadron-hadron collisions, including proton-nucleus, pion-hadron or nucleus-nucleus collisions in order to obtain a tool for automated perturbative computations of cross sections (or ratios of cross sections) in asymmetric reactions at next-to-leading (NLO) order in αSαS in collinear factorisation. This tool, like the original symmetric version of \texttt{MadGraph5\_aMC@NLO}, automatically computes cross sections for different factorisation and renormalisation scales and PDFs provided by the {\tt LHAPDF} library, thereby allowing for an easy assessment of the associated theoretical uncertainties. In this paper, we present the validation of our code using WW and ZZ boson production in ppPb collisions and Drell-Yan-pair production in πWπW collisions. We also illustrate the capabilities of the framework by providing cross section and nuclear modification factors with their uncertainties for the production of WW and ZZ bosons, charm and bottom quarks as well as associated production of bbˉ+H0bbˉ+H0 in ppPb collisions at the LHC
Towards a more sustainable consumption using recommender systems
No full textModern consumption patterns have severe environmental consequences, yet aligning consumer behaviour with sustainable intentions remains a challenge. Recommender systems, which significantly shape purchasing decisions, are often blamed for promoting unsustainable consumption. However, could they instead be leveraged to drive sustainability? This thesis explores how recommender systems can be adapted to encourage sustainable consumption. First, a machine learning classification model is developed to efficiently assess product sustainability based on life cycle data. Next, various in- and post-processing strategies are tested to increase the visibility of sustainable products in recommendation lists without compromising accuracy. Finally, a controlled online store experiment compares the impact of sustainability-oriented recommender systems and sustainable consumption communication on consumer behaviour. The findings reveal that sustainability-oriented recommender systems effectively increase the purchase of sustainable products by enhancing awareness and reducing search effort, whereas communicationbased nudges have a more limited effect. This research contributes to the growing field of responsible AI by demonstrating how recommender systems can be designed to align commercial objectives with environmental sustainability.(ECGE - Sciences économiques et de gestion) -- UCL, 202
Analyse sémiotique des chansons populaires congolaises : cas de Luambo Makiadi
No full textLes chansons congolaises, communément appelées rumba, reflètent les réalités sociales et les tensions qui traversent la société congolaise. Luambo Franco, auteur des chansons étudiées, utilisait la musique comme un moyen d'expression pour aborder des enjeux sociaux, politiques, économiques et culturels essentiels à la communauté congolaise. À travers une approche sémiotique, nous avons analysé l'aspect narratif de ses textes afin de comprendre leur organisation et la manière dont les éléments sont agencés pour transmettre des messages. Il s’agissait d’identifier les mécanismes et stratégies employés par l’auteur pour structurer son discours et atteindre ses objectifs de communication. L’analyse révèle que les chansons de Luambo Franco jouent un rôle fondamental dans la compréhension de la culture et de la structure sociale congolaises. Bien plus qu’un simple genre musical, elles traduisent les aspirations, préoccupations et luttes du peuple tout en offrant aux auditeurs un espace de reconnaissance et de réflexion sur leur propre vécu. Les thèmes abordés, tels que la condition de la femme, l’homme, les rapports sociaux et la politique, illustrent la dynamique de la société congolaise et expriment ses espoirs et défis. Ces chansons ne se limitent pas à raconter des histoires ; elles transforment des expériences en réflexions sur des valeurs universelles. Cette étude met ainsi en évidence la relation entre culture et musique, cette dernière étant non seulement une expression artistique mais aussi un espace de mise en scène des réalités sociales. À travers une orchestration des éléments socio-culturels, elles participent activement à la construction du discours collectif. La thèse démontre en outre que les chansons de Luambo, et la rumba en général, dépassent le simple divertissement et se révèlent comme un moyen de critique sociale et de réflexion sur les défis auxquels la société est confrontée.(COMU - Information et communication) -- UCL, 202
Are policies implemented where they are most needed? Exploring the evolution of equity in school-based smoking prevention in 2013 and 2016 in 6 European cities
No full textBackground. Health policies are key social determinants of health, but may cause inequalities if their implementation does not match local needs, and if resources are misallocated. This study tests the inverse prevention law on school tobacco policies, assessing inequity in their implementation and identifying contributing factors. Methods. A student survey and a staff survey were conducted in 38 schools across six European cities in 2013 and 2016. We assessed tobacco policy and calculated policy-need ratios to measure how well schools implemented a policy in line with adolescent smoking. Gini coefficients of policy-need ratios were used as inequity measure. We ran a penalised Lorenz regression to identify factors contributing to inequity and used the Shapley decomposition technique to decompose explained Gini coefficients. Results. Gini coefficients were 8.8% in 2013 and 8.9% in 2016, indicating moderately inequitable implementation of school tobacco policies and limited change over time. Socio-economic characteristics, and family/home environment contributed the most to these inequities. Conclusions. In line with the inverse prevention law, stronger tobacco policies are not implemented in schools that most need them, and this persisted between 2013 and 2016. Policy-makers should prioritize equity in health policy implementation and devote more resources to contexts with greater nee
Methods and Challenges in Purifying Drug‐Loaded Extracellular Vesicles
No full textExtracellular vesicles (EV) have emerged as promising nanocarriers for drug delivery. However, the efficient loading of therapeutic molecules into EV and the subsequent purification of drug-loaded EV from unloaded drugs remain significant challenges. This review explores the most used methods for EV purification, meaning the separation of drug-loaded EV from unloaded drugs, including ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, dialysis and commercial exosome isolation kits. The principles, advantages and limitations of each method are discussed. Critical parameters such as molecular weight cutoff, membrane composition, and the nature of the loaded molecule are highlighted for their impact on the purification process. The review also addresses the technical aspects, including time, cost and equipment requirements, and emphasizes the need for standardized guidelines to improve reproducibility and comparability across studies. By providing a comprehensive overview of current purification strategies, this review aims to guide researchers in selecting the most appropriate methods for advancing EV-based drug delivery systems
Healing mechanism and strength improvement of a new high-strength healable Al-Mg alloys produced by LPBF
No full textAdditively manufactured aluminum alloys are commonly employed in aerospace and aeronautics, where they are susceptible to damage from operational overloads. An emerging approach to reduce the need for part replacement is the use of materials capable of healing at damage sites. This research focuses on the development of a novel high-strength healable Al alloy produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). The rapid cooling rates characteristic of LPBF promote the formation of a fine microstructure, consisting of α-Al cells encased in a magnesium-rich eutectic phase with a low melting point. This eutectic network acts as a healing agent, functioning similarly to biological vascular systems. In the event of damage, a healing heat treatment (HHT) triggers the melting of the eutectic phase, allowing it to infiltrate cracks or voids and subsequently solidify, effectively sealing and repairing the defects. To improve both mechanical strength and healing functionality, zirconium (Zr) is incorporated into the Al-Mg alloy, leading to the formation of strengthening precipitates. In this work, the static mechanical properties of the resulting Al-Mg-Zr alloy, referred to as Almazium, were assessed in the as-built state and after various healing heat treatments (HHT) involving different temperatures and durations. Under optimized printing conditions, the addition of Zr significantly enhanced the yield strength, increasing it from 150 MPa to an average of 366 MPa in the as-built samples. The HHT parameters were carefully optimized to limit the coarsening of strengthening precipitates, as excessive growth could impair the alloy’s mechanical properties. Finally, the healing capability of Almazium was evaluated through in-situ damage-healing cycles performed during synchrotron X-ray nano-tomography experiments at beamline ID16B of the ESRF. This approach allowed for direct observation of damage initiation, localized healing processes, and the potential re-opening of previously healed regions under subsequent mechanical loading
The olfactory epithelium: a critical gateway for pathological tau propagation and a target for mitigating tauopathy in the central nervous system
No full textOlfactory impairment is a recognized early indicator of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, referred to as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), are a hallmark of AD. NFTs are found in the olfactory bulb (OB) and entorhinal cortex (EC), both crucial for processing olfactory information. We explored the hypothesis that typical tau lesions could appear early and progress along olfactory regions to reach connected areas critically affected in AD (e.g., EC and hippocampal formation). To that end, we used transgenic PS19 mice expressing mutated human tau protein (1N4R isoform, P301S mutation). They recapitulate major phenotypes of AD, such as accumulation of NFTs, synaptic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and neuronal loss. The presence of pathological hyperphosphorylated human tau protein (pTau) was monitored in olfactory regions: olfactory epithelium (OE), OB, piriform cortex (PC), and in connected regions of the hippocampal formation (hippocampus and EC). pTau was detected in the OE's middle stratum and in the OB's olfactory nerve layer (ONL) at 1.5 months. At 6 months of age, tau accumulations were found in the PC and EC, along with the CA3 region and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. We found that olfactory function remained unaffected in PS19 mice, despite the presence of tau pathology in key regions of the olfactory system. Targeted treatments (ZnSO4 and AAVs) were applied at the OE level to assess the impact on tau pathology in the CNS. Complete stripping of the OE by intranasal administration of ZnSO4 led to a significant reduction in pretangle-like tau pathology within the PC, amygdala, and EC of 6-month-old PS19 mice. Finally, we observed in human postmortem samples that pTau signal was present in the olfactory regions (OE and OB) of patients at early Braak stages (I/II). Based on these observations, we propose that pTau could appear, due to aging or environmental agents, in the OE and subsequently spread in a prion-like manner to the hippocampal formation along neuroanatomical connections. These findings also indicate the interest of the OE as a target for intervention aimed at mitigating the progression of tauopathy in the CN