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Réguler, juger et réhabiliter : le droit, la justice et la guerre de l’Antiquité au XXIe siècle
No full textA meta-analytic review of cultural variation in affect valuation
No full textWhat affective states do people ideally want to feel, and why? In Affect Valuation Theory (AVT), Tsai, Knutson, & Fung (2006) proposed and observed that (1) how people would ideally like to feel (their “ideal affect”) differs from how they actually feel (their “actual affect”), and (2) cultural factors shape people’s ideal affect even more than their actual affect. In this individual participant data (IPD) metaanalysis, we re-examined these two premises in a combined data file of over 31,000 participants from 124 datasets collected by different research teams across the world. Consistent with Tsai et al. (2006), we observed that: (1) actual affect and ideal affect are empirically distinct constructs, and (2) cultural differences in ideal affect are larger in magnitude than cultural differences in actual affect. These findings held across research teams, participant populations, and publication status. Importantly, most cultural differences in ideal affect endured over time, including European Americans’ greater valuation of high arousal positive (HAP) states compared to East Asian Americans and East Asians. New patterns also emerged: European Americans valued low arousal positive states more over time; differences in ideal affect emerged among specific East Asian cultural groups; and socioeconomic status, gender, and age were also associated with differences in ideal affect
Beyond Legal Pluralism: Cosmopolitical Ethnography Of the Peasant Patrols in the Peruvian Andes
No full textThe Rondas campesinas (Peasant Patrols) are rural organizations that ensure the safety of communities through night watch, justice and local rural political management in the Andean region of Cajamarca (Peru). They have been mainly studied as an expression of legal pluralism. In contrast, this article propose a cosmopolitan ethnography of these organizations, taking into account the non-humans/magical beings that the peasants encounter during their night watch and the relationship between the Rondas campesinas and ‘witches’. The article show that Peasant Patrols have eroded the space of the other-than-human by keeping the night watch and that they have also reduce the power of the “brujos”. By doing so, the Peasant Patrols not only transform the way legal and political administration en los Andes peruanos but also redefine the contours of the human and the other-tan-human world in the rural communities
Vivencia de la pandemia en una población de los Andes peruanos: la resiliencia comunitaria desde el campo
No full textEste articulo presenta los resultados de un estudio etnográfico sobre la crisis sanitaria por la COVID-19 en una Comunidad Campesina de la provincia de Paucartambo (Cusco) y los aportes de este caso para entender el carácter comunitario de la resiliencia. Esta investigación estudio se realizó a inicios del año 2022 (marzo a mayo): recogiendo mediante entrevistas y mapas parlantes, las experiencias que miembros y autoridades residentes de la comunidad tenían sobre la gestión de la pandemia de marzo 2020 a mayo 2022. A partir de eso, se identificaron cinco tácticas de resiliencia comunitaria organizadas en dos dimensiones: la primera referida a la interconexión y construcción de redes familiares y sociales, mientras que la segunda trata sobre las transformaciones y adaptaciones de las formas de gobernabilidad para la gestión de la comunidad. De manera conclusiva y transversal, se reflexiona sobre la dimensión comunitaria de la resiliencia. Se presenta finalmente los principales aportes a nivel de políticas públicas de la investigación
Les estampes religieuses habillées, entre altération et ornementation
No full textÀ l’époque moderne, il est fréquent de manipuler les images imprimées, qui se voient découpées, collées, assemblées, affichées, recyclées, grattées, censurées, coloriées, transformées. Notre contribution porte sur un aspect spécifique de cette 'afterlife' ou seconde vie des gravures, le phénomène des estampes habillées. Cette pratique consiste à rehausser des images imprimées de fragments textiles, appliqués au verso de la feuille de papier qui a été préalablement ajourée. Ainsi, en poursuivant un but d’ornementation de l’image, on arrive paradoxalement à une altération de la gravure, dont une partie est remplacée par du tissu. Nous proposons d’abord une présentation générale de cette pratique en Europe, en concentrant notre attention sur les gravures à sujet religieux, puis nous investiguerons le cas d’estampes de dévotion produites dans les Pays-Bas méridionaux et habillées à la fin du XVIIe et au XVIIIe siècles, afin mettre en lumière l’expérience tactile vécue par les utilisateurs et utilisatrices d’estampes de la première modernité
Production Patterns and Preferences in Spanish Discourse: Turn-Initial Markers and Topic Management
No full textMorality of mentality and culture: A registered replication and cross-cultural extension
No full textPrevious work has established that religious groups vary in the perceived moral status of “thought” versus behavior, with Protestants negatively evaluating people who entertain immoral thoughts more harshly than Jews (Cohen & Rozin, 2001). This work provided early evidence that religion is important in evaluating moral status. However, in the decades since this work, methodological and theoretical advances have suggested that a second glance might be necessary. In this Registered Report, we conducted a direct and conceptual replication of these earlier findings, including a cross-cultural extension in five countries, to investigate the influences of religious and national cultures on the relevance of immoral thoughts versus behaviors in evaluating the moral status of others. We replicate the original finding that American Protestants (but not Jews) consider immoral thoughts equally negatively as actions. We also observe substantial variation across cultures and religions, such that Americans were generally less condemning of immoral thoughts than members of the same religion in other countries. These results provide clues for further theorizing about how both country and religion shape moral judgment
User experience with adaptive user interfaces: Comparing performance and preferences
No full textAdaptive user interfaces dynamically change their content, presentation, and behavior to optimize the user experience, which has been primarily evaluated using classic usability measures but to a lesser extent by using neurological measures. While the perceived preference of specific user interface elements, such as graphical adaptive menus, has already been studied, no consensus exists regarding their performance and how to substitute a static menu with an adaptive one. To gain insights into how graphical adaptive menus could influence the user experience and to identify any correlation between users’ performance and their preferences, we conducted an experiment in which forty participants used twenty graphical adaptive menus while their brain activity was captured by employing electroencephalography to derive four measures (i.e., cognitive load, engagement, attraction, and memorization). User performance was measured using task completion time, specifically the time to select menu items. Statistical analysis suggested which graphical adaptive menus were significantly better or worse than the static menu, our baseline. These results are used as the basis to suggest implications for software developers and researchers to design more effective adaptive user interfaces
The German caused motion and resultative constructions: learning challenges and construction-based teaching methodology
No full textFor some years now, Pedagogical Construction Grammar has inspired foreign language learning, which has been defined as ‘construction learning’ (Herbst 2016; Siepmann 2007 and 2015). Some German constructions like the caused motion construction and the resultative construction are frequent in the German press and in oral discourse, but problematic for French-speaking learners as they often have no equivalents in their native language. This is not surprising as French (L1) and German (L2) are characterized by a typological gap (Cenoz 2003; Paradis 1987). Not only is the syntactic structure of the caused motion and resultative constructions unusual in French, but a further issue is the question of which “fillers” (Diessel 2017; Handwerker 2015) can be used in these specific constructions. More specifically, verbs can be used in these constructions and combined with constructional slots which are not part of their valency. Comprehension tests about the caused motion construction conducted with French-speaking learners (Gallez 2016) have revealed that even intermediate or advanced learners have understanding difficulties. Starting from examples collected in German press articles and from the German deTenTen20 corpus of the SketchEngine, the aim of the presentation is, first, to offer a detailed description of these two German idiosyncratic constructions and to define the learning challenges related to them. In a further step the presentation focuses on the teaching of the constructions by proposing a pedagogical method designed not only to foster comprehension but also the acquisition of these constructions. This method is based on data-driven learning (DDL; Gilquin 2021 and 2022), which draws on authentic data from linguistic corpora. The presentation further discusses the design of DDL-based tasks, illustrated with concrete examples of the fake reflexive caused motion construction. With this methodology learners play an active role as they are asked to search for concrete instantiations in corpora and recognize regularities (Gilquin 2021: 230; Krekeler 2021: 161) in the constructional patterns or fillers. Literature Cenoz, Jasone (2003): The role of typology in the organization of the multilingual Lexicon. In Jasone Cenoz, Britta Hufeisen & Ulrike Jessner (eds.), The Multilingual Lexicon, 103-166. Dordrecht: Kluwer. Diessel, Holger (2019): The Grammar Network. How Linguistic Structure is Shaped by Language Use. Cambridge: CUP. Gallez, Françoise (2016): German caused motion constructions with ein-/in: a constructionist teaching methodology for French-speaking learners. Vortrag bei der Konferenz „Constructionist Approaches to Language Pedagogy“ (CALP II) an der Universität Basel im Juni 2016. Gilquin, Gaëtanelle (2021): Using corpora to foster L2 construction learning: A data-driven learning experiment. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 31(2): 229–247. Gilquin, Gaëtanelle (2022): Data-driven learning one’s way through constructions. In Gallez, Françoise & Hermann, Manon (Hrsg.): Cognition and Contrast/Kognition und Kontrast. Festschrift for/für Prof. Dr. Sabine De Knop, 197–209. Bruxelles: Presses de l’Université Saint-Louis Bruxelles. Handwerker, Brigitte (2015): Konstruktionen im L2-Lernformat: Orts- und Zustandsveränderungen in der Rezeption und Produktion des Deutschen als Fremdsprache. In Engelberg, Stefan, Meliss, Meike, Proost, Kristel & Winkler, Edeltraud (Hrsg.): Argumentstruktur zwischen Valenz und Konstruktion, 127–153. Tübingen: Narr/Francke/ Attempto. Herbst, Thomas (2016): Foreign language learning is construction learning: Principles of Pedagogic Construction Grammar. In De Knop, Sabine & Gilquin, Gaëtanelle (eds.): Applied Construction Grammar, 21–52. Berlin: de Gruyter Mouton. Krekeler, Christian (2021): Korpustraining und datengestütztes Lernen im Wirtschafts-deutsch-Unterricht. Zeitschrift für Interkulturellen Fremdsprachenunterricht 26(1): 161–195. Paradis, Michel (1987): The Assessment of Bilingual Aphasia. Hillsdale and London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Siepmann, Dirk (2007): Wortschatz und Grammatik: zusammenbringen, was zusammenge-hört. Beiträge zur Fremdsprachenvermitlung 46: 59–80. Siepmann, Dirk (2015): Fremdsprachenlernen ist Konstruktionslernen. Vortrag beim Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Fremdsprachenforschung in Ludwigsburg. deTenTen20 corpus of the SketchEngine: https://app.sketchengine.e