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L'internement en Belgique, entre autonomie et dangerosité : le cas des unités psychiatriques médico-légales
No full textEn Belgique, l’internement est une mesure de sûreté à durée indéterminée, qui prive de liberté ou restreint la liberté des personnes ayant commis une infraction pénale et déclarées irresponsables de leurs actes en raison d’un trouble mental présent au moment de la décision judiciaire. Régie par la loi du 5 mai 2014 relative à l’internement, entrée en vigueur le 1er octobre 2016, la mesure vise un double objectif : d’une part, protéger la société d’individus présentant un potentiel de dangerosité et, d’autre part, dispenser à ces mêmes individus les soins nécessaires afin de préparer leur réinsertion sociale. Héritière de la philosophie de la « défense sociale », la mesure d’internement s’articule aujourd’hui autour d’un « trajet de soins » (TSI), au cours duquel la personne internée est amenée à intégrer des structures hautement sécurisées, de type carcéral ou de « défense sociale », et progressivement ensuite des structures d’accompagnement et de soins plus ou moins sécurisées, qui fonctionnent selon un régime résidentiel ou ambulatoire, avant d’envisager un retour dans la société. Tout au long du TSI, l’accent est mis sur les capacités de la personne internée à (re)conquérir son autonomie afin de pouvoir vivre en dehors des murs et être libérée de la mesure de sûreté. Cet idéal de vie autonome entre toutefois en tension avec les notions de risque et de dangerosité, qui caractérisent les personnes internées et ce, dans un contexte social où s’affirment de manière croissante le primat de la gestion des risques et de la protection de la société. Que signifie l’autonomie sur le terrain de l’internement ? Et comment les professionnels qui prennent en charge les personnes internées s’approprient-ils cette notion et l’opérationnalisent-ils en pratique ? Pour tenter de répondre à ces questions, je propose d’éprouver la tension autonomie-dangerosité à la lumière d’une scène particulière, celle des unités psychiatriques médico-légales en Belgique francophone. Sur la base d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée au sein de ce type de structure, j’analyse les façons dont les professionnels de ces unités appréhendent les notions d’autonomie et de dangerosité (I) et comment leur conciliation marque leur intervention (II)
“De proche en proche”. Poétique des agencements dans la recherche artistique de Bruno Goosse
No full textCultiver l'indisciplinarité – la recherche-création en action
No full textTexte de vulgarisation autour de la recherche-création et de certains de ses enjeux en contexte universitaire
Frailty, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity: definitions, prevalence and consequences in type 2 diabetes
No full textObjectives: To assess body composition, muscle function, sarcopenia, frailty, physical activity and liver elasticity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: This mono-centric cross-sectional study includes adult patients with T2D attending the diabetes consultation of the Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc from April to October 2024. Skeletal muscle is assessed by function tests, frailty scores (5-frailty phenotype, 5FP and liver frailty index, LFI) and bioimpedance. Sarcopenia is defined (geriatric EWGSOP2 society) by the association of low muscle function (handgrip strength 15sec) and myopenia (appendicular skeletal mass index 102cm for men and >88 cm for women) and sarcopenia defined by low muscle function (handgrip strength <27kg for men and <16kg for women or sit to stand ≥17sec) and altered body composition (increased fat mass and skeletal mass index ≤37% for men and ≤27.6% for women). Physical activity is assessed using the international physical activity questionnaire. Liver elasticity is assessed by transient elastography (Fibroscan® mini 430, Echosens, Paris, France). Results: Of the 113 patients screened, 8 were excluded (neuromuscular disorders, treatment with cortisone or methotrexate). The population was 38% female, with an average age of 62 years (± 12) and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 (± 4.9). Obesity was present in 52.4% of patients. The 5FP classified 7.6% and the LFI 8.6% of patients as frail (Fig.1A). Frail patients were older (64.0 vs. 52.7years, p<0.0001) (Fig.1B) with a more fibrous liver (6.1 vs. 5.2 kPa, p = 0.02) and a lower duration of diabetes (5 vs 24 years, p = 0.002) (Fig1C). Only 5.5% of patients were sarcopenic following the EWGSOP2 definition (Fig.1D). These were older (77 vs. 62 years, p= 0.007) (Fig.1E) but did not have significantly lower weight (74.4 vs. 88.9 kg, p = 0.08) (Fig. 1F). However, they all had a BMI <30 kg/m2. In contrast, 24.5% of patients had sarcopenic obesity following ESPEN guidelines (Fig.1D). These were not older (65.6 vs 60.2 years, p = 0.06) (Fig.1E). Interestingly, they had similar skeletal mass index (8.8 vs 8.1 kg/m2, p=0.09), appendicular skeletal mass index (8.1 vs 7.8 kg/m2, p= 0.3), physical activity (1437 vs. 1506 METs/week, p= 0.6) and the same T2D disease duration (10 vs 11 years, p=0.9). Conclusion: Frailty is present in 8% of patients and associated with liver consequences. The prevalence of sarcopenia is highly dependent on the diagnostic criteria used (geriatric or nutrition societies) due to the myopenia component. Only 5.5% of T2D patients present with sarcopenia according to EWGSOP2 definition, compared with 24.5% with the sarcopenic obesity definition by ESPEN. Identifying these two groups of patients could lead to the identification of different complications
Overcoming the Challenges in the Welding of Additively Manufactured Aluminium Alloy Parts: Paving the Way for Aerospace & Defence Applications
No full textReassessing data management in increasingly complex phenotypic datasets
No full textPhenotypic datasets are increasingly rich and heterogeneous, with images, time courses, manual measurements, processed variables, and metadata. The management of such datasets navigates between partly incompatible objectives: (i) facilitate data analysis by extracting, organizing, and storing relevant variables; and (ii) allow reuse of raw, synthesized, and computed data (FAIR principles). For the first objective, ‘dedicated datasets’ can be extracted from raw information and tailored for the user’s data analysis, but they result in a massive loss of information. We advocate that, for the second objective, ‘sensu stricto phenomic datasets’, upstream of dedicated datasets, should organize data without loss of information with data-science tools, in a ‘theory-agnostic’ way. They allow different users to build their own ‘dedicated datasets’ according to planned data analysis
L'exégèse vétéro-testamentaire après Nostra aetate 4. Principe et réalité
No full textSoixante ans après Nostra aetate (28/10/1965) et son fameux paragraphe 4 sur les relations de l’Église catholique avec le judaïsme, cet article – à la fois bilan et perspective – cherche à répondre à une question aussi simple que précise : est-ce que cette déclaration conciliaire a contribué à modifier la façon de pratiquer l’exégèse de l’Ancien Testament et si oui, en quoi
Extended duration of abrupt climate events from the early to late Holocene
No full textDue to the lack of continuous annual records of Holocene climate events, their evolution remains unclear. In this study, we present a new annually resolved stalagmite oxygen isotope (δ18O) record covering the 4.2 ka event from the East Asian monsoon domain, and compare it with two annually resolved δ18O records of the 8.2 ka event and the Little Ice Age from the same stalagmite. These abrupt events share a similar asymmetric double-pulse structure, but exhibit extended event duration with less extreme climate excursion from the early to late Holocene. Climate simulations suggest that the changes in duration and frequency of the abrupt events could be related to the variations of East Asian summer monsoon and summer sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic. The waxing and waning of sea ice in the North Atlantic induced by Holocene summer insolation and atmosphere-ocean internal variability may contribute to differences in event duration
ZIF-8/Chitosan Composite Hydrogel as a High-Performance Separator for Bioelectrochemical Systems
No full textChitosan biopolymer membranes reinforced with channel-selective ZIF-8 nanofillers were developed and thoroughly characterized as separators for bioelectrochemical systems. This study explores the synergistic effect of incorporating ZIF-8 into a chitosan matrix to enhance membrane performance. Key properties including water retention, chemical and thermal stability, surface resistance, antifouling capacity, and ionic conductivity were evaluated and benchmarked against commercial Nafion-117 and nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The ZIF-8/chitosan composite membranes (ZIF-8/CS) demonstrated excellent water retention and structural stability under harsh conditions, along with significantly reduced surface resistance and effective rejection of organic contaminants and salts (NaCl, Na2SO4). Notably, the composite ZIF-8/CS membranes achieved an ionic conductivity of 0.099 S/cm, approaching the value of Nafion-117 (0.13 S/cm) and substantially surpassing that of the NF membrane (0.013 S/cm). These results indicate that ZIF-8-reinforced chitosan membranes present a promising, sustainable, and cost-effective alternative to traditional separators in bioelectrochemical applications
When school improvement becomes a commercial good: An ecological analysis of re-positionings and critical issues. In M. Camphuijsen (Chair), Public-Private Entanglements in Education: Privatization, Partnerships and How to Safeguard Public Values [Symposium].
No full textThis paper studies the transformation of school improvement into a commercial good within the context of neoliberal policies, focusing on the ecological and critical issues arising from this shift. The study investigates how market mechanisms, accountability, and decentralization have fostered the emergence of for-profit actors in the traditionally non-commercial domain of school improvement (Rowan, 2002; Verelst et al., 2025). While this phenomenon has been well-documented in the United States (Burch, 2009; Rowan, 2006; VanGronigen et al., 2022), it remains underexplored in Flanders, where unique conditions—such as significant school autonomy, a minimally controlling government, and a strong government-subsidized non-profit sector—create an empirically rich context for analysis. Theoretically, this paper advances the conceptual understanding of the school improvement ecosystem by analyzing how the entry of private actors affects the dynamics among existing stakeholders and the overall process of school improvement (Trinidad, 2023). Empirically, it draws on an exploratory study conducted in Flanders, comprising three focus group discussions with 20 participants, including school principals, teacher leaders, and both traditional and new school improvement actors. The analysis is underpinned by a theoretical framework that combines positioning theory (Depperman, 2015) with a heuristic focus on the work of school improvement actors (Trinidad, 2023). The findings reveal a hybrid ecosystem where traditional non-profit pedagogical advisors coexist with for-profit organizations, blurring the boundaries between public and private roles (see also Karré, 2023). This coexistence challenged the legitimacy of non-profit actors, it triggered them to actively reinvent themselves and compelled them to specialize in core curriculum domains and targeted themes. Policy shifts have also redirected traditional advisors to prioritize performance-oriented support for weaker schools, leaving stronger schools to seek external expertise. Schools now face a competitive "supermarket" of improvement services and are required to navigate a complex landscape of disembedded innovations and diverse providers. This has led to a reassessment and reassertion of schools’ policy-making and leadership roles as they seek external expertise tailored to their needs. The study highlights three critical issues in the evolving ecosystem: ensuring high-quality support (Cowan et al., 2024), forming effective partnerships in a competitive environment (Trinidad, 2023), and balancing internal leadership with external contributions. The rise of commercial actors has disrupted traditional roles, presenting challenges in managing change processes and maintaining control over school improvement initiatives. Addressing these issues requires a clear quality framework and careful re-consideration of what is in need of (a new) ‘publicness’ in this new ecology. References: Burch, P. (2009). Hidden markets: The new education privatization. Routledge. Cowan, J., Sperka, L., Hogan, A., & Enright, E. (2024). An audit of commercialisation and outsourcing across the primary school curriculum. Teachers and Teaching, 1-17. Deppermann, A. (2015). Positioning. The handbook of narrative analysis, 369-387. Karré, P.M. (2023). The thumbprint of a hybrid organization—a multidimensional model for analysing public/private hybrid organizations. Public Organization Review, 23(2), 777–91. Rowan, B. (2002). The ecology of school improvement: Notes on the school improvement industry in the United States. Journal of Educational Change, 3(3), 283-314. Trinidad, J. E. (2023). Rethinking school improvement organizations: Understanding their variety, benefits, risks, and future directions. Educational Researcher, 52(6), 377-384. VanGronigen, B.A., Meyers, C.V., Scott, C., Fantz, T., & Dunn, L.D. (2022). Soliciting, vetting, monitoring, and evaluating: A study of state education agencies’ use of external providers for school improvement efforts. Journal of Educational Change, 23, 1-32. Verelst, S., Simons, M., & Berghmans, M. (2025). The play of education and market: A literature review on the roles commercial actors play for K-12 education. Policy Futures in Education, 23(1), 106-126