Berkala Arkeologi Sangkhakala
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AKTIVITAS RELIGI DI SITUS CANDI PERTAPAN KABUPATEN BLITAR PADA MASA KADIRI HINGGA MAJAPAHIT
No full textSociety in the Classical period had view that most sacred buildings were erected in the highlands, such as an Mount Pegat, Blitar Regency. This study seeks to reveal the religious activities that occured at Pertapan Temple Site on Mount Pegat from the Kadiri to Majapahit Kingdom, along with the community’s conception of the mountain. The method used in this study includes data collection in the form of observations and interviews, as well as qualitative descriptive analysis through the help of classification, comparison, and contextual analysis. Semiotic theory is used to assist the analysis. The result of this study indicate that the sacred building at the Pertapan Temple site is use as a place of worship for Sang Hyang Kabuyutan in Subhasita in 1120 Saka, the pendharmaan temple of King Wisnuwarddhana in 1202 Saka, and place of worship of Dewaraja Wisnuwarddhana in 1237 Saka. the community views Mount Pegat as a holy place, because it has several features, such as according to the criteria for a holy place, the location is on the connecting route between Kadiri and Singhasari and Mount Kelud with the South Lime Mountains.
Society in the Classical period had view that most sacred buildings were erected in the highlands, such as an Mount Pegat, Blitar Regency. This study seeks to reveal the religious activities that occured at Pertapan Temple Site on Mount Pegat from the Kadiri to Majapahit Kingdom, along with the community’s conception of the mountain. The method used in this study includes data collection in the form of observations and interviews, as well as qualitative descriptive analysis through the help of classification, comparison, and contextual analysis. Semiotic theory is used to assist the analysis. The result of this study indicate that the sacred building at the Pertapan Temple site is use as a place of worship for Sang Hyang Kabuyutan in Subhasita in 1120 Saka, the pendharmaan temple of King Wisnuwarddhana in 1202 Saka, and place of worship of Dewaraja Wisnuwarddhana in 1237 Saka. the community views Mount Pegat as a holy place, because it has several features, such as according to the criteria for a holy place, the location is on the connecting route between Kadiri and Singhasari and Mount Kelud with the South Lime Mountains.
Masyarakat pada masa Klasik memiliki pandangan bahwa bangunan suci kebanyakan didirikan di dataran tinggi, seperti di Gunung Pegat Kabupaten Blitar. penelitian ini berupaya mengungkap aktivitas religi yang terjadi di Situs Candi Pertapan di Gunung Pegat pada era Kerajaan Kadiri hingga Majapahit, beserta konsep masyarakat terhadap gunung tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi pengumpulan data, berupa observasi dan wawancara, serta analisis deskriptif kualitatif melalui bantuan analisis klasifikasi, perbandingan, dan kontekstual. Teori semiotika digunakan untuk membantu analisis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bangunan suci di Situs Candi Pertapan digunakan sebagai tempat pemujaan Sang Hyang Kabuyutan di Subhasita pada tahun 1120 Saka, candi pendharmaan Raja Wisnuwarddhana pada tahun 1202 Saka, dan tempat pemujaan Dewaraja Wisnuwaddhana pada tahun 1237 Saka. Masyarakat memandang Gunung Pegat sebagai tempat suci, karena memiliki beberapa keistimewaan, seperti memenuhi kriteria tempat suci, lokasi berada di jalur penghubung antara Kadiri dengan Singhasari serta Gunung Kelud dengan Pegunungan Kapur Selatan.
 
PERAN DAN KOLABORASI STAKEHOLDER PADA PERKEMBANGAN PARIWISATA HERITAGE DI KAWASAN SIWA PLATEAU DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA: [Stakeholder's Role and Collaboration on Heritage Tourism Development at Siwa Plateu Area Special Region of Yogyakarta]
No full textThis paper investigates variety of role and collaboration of stakeholders involved with heritage tourism development in Siwa Plateau Area, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province in order to better understand whether and how those roles and collaborations reflect an effort to find a balance related to inherent contradictions in the concepts of heritage (conservation/preservation) and tourism (change/development). The method used was qualitative inductive with primary data obtained by survey, interview and observation. The variety of role and collaboration forms of stakeholders reflects at least three main aspects with variety of nuance. First is heritage protection and development control. Second is being partners in managing heritage as a tourist attraction/destination. Third is that there are active efforts to involve local communities as key players in heritage tourism development in the region.This paper investigates variety of role and collaboration of stakeholders involved with heritage tourism development in Siwa Plateau Area, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province in order to better understand whether and how those roles and collaborations reflect an effort to find a balance related to inherent contradictions in the concepts of heritage (conservation/preservation) and tourism (change/development). The method used was qualitative inductive with primary data obtained by survey, interview and observation. The variety of role and collaboration forms of stakeholders reflects at least three main aspects with variety of nuance. First is heritage protection and development control. Second is being partners in managing heritage as a tourist attraction/destination. Third is that there are active efforts to involve local communities as key players in heritage tourism development in the region.
Artikel ini menggali bentuk-bentuk peran dan kolaborasi stakeholder yang terlibat pada perkembangan pariwisata heritage di Kawasan Siwa Plaetau (KSP) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, untuk lebih memahami apakah dan bagaimana peran dan kolaborasi yang berlangsung tersebut mencerminkan upaya-upaya mencari keseimbangan dalam kontradiksi inheren yang terdapat di dalam konsep heritage (preservasi/stabilitas) dan pariwisata (pembangunan/perubahan). Penelitian dilakukan secara induktif kualitatif dengan data-data utama diperoleh dari survei, wawancara dan observasi. Ragam bentuk peran dan kolaborasi tersebut mencerminkan setidaknya tiga aspek utama dengan beragam nuansa di dalamnya, yaitu pelindungan heritage dan kontrol pembangunan, kerjasama atau mitra dalam mengelola heritage sebagai objek wisata, dan upaya-upaya untuk melibatkan komunitas-komunitas lokal sebagai pemain kunci dalam perkembangan pariwisata heritage di dalam kawasan
RENTANG MASA DAN BUDAYA MANDAILING PADA PUSTAHA LAKLAK DAN NASKAH BAMBU DI BAGAS GODANG HUTA GODANG, MANDAILING NATAL
No full textThe Mandailing people have a writing habit that develops in their region. The influence of Hindu-Buddhist culture has influenced the culture of writing in the communities around the area. The use of written sources with local characters, one of which is found in Bagas Godang Hut Godang, Kec. Ulu Pungkut, Mandailing Natal. From the results of the research that has been carried out, it is not certain that the time span of making and using these manuscripts by the Mandailing people in the past cannot be ascertained. Through this background, the research problem is related to the span of time of making and using pustaha laklak and bamboo manuscripts stored in godang huta Godang bagas, Ulu Pungkut District, Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra. Besides that, what is the description of the Mandailing community during that period. The research method used is qualitative research methods. From the analysis, it is known that pustaha laklak A-2/2014 was made and used in the range of 1720 - 1890 AD and the bamboo manuscript B-5/2014 was made and used in the range of 1790 - 1950 AD. The existence of pustaha laklak A-2/2014 and bamboo manuscripts B-5/2014 is proof that in the 18-20s AD the Mandailing region was still a small kingdom consisting of several huta (villages).The Mandailing people have a writing habit that develops in their region. The influence of Hindu-Buddhist culture has influenced the culture of writing in the communities around the area. The use of written sources with local characters, one of which is found in Bagas Godang Hut Godang, Kec. Ulu Pungkut, Mandailing Natal. From the results of the research that has been carried out, it is not certain that the time span of making and using these manuscripts by the Mandailing people in the past cannot be ascertained. Through this background, the research problem is related to the span of time of making and using pustaha laklak and bamboo manuscripts stored in godang huta Godang bagas, Ulu Pungkut District, Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra. Besides that, what is the description of the Mandailing community during that period. The research method used is qualitative research methods. From the analysis, it is known that pustaha laklak A-2/2014 was made and used in the range of 1720 - 1890 AD and the bamboo manuscript B-5/2014 was made and used in the range of 1790 - 1950 AD. The existence of pustaha laklak A-2/2014 and bamboo manuscripts B-5/2014 is proof that in the 18-20s AD the Mandailing region was still a small kingdom consisting of several huta (villages).
Masyarakat Mandailing memiliki kebiasaan tulis-menulis yang berkembang di wilayahnya. Pengaruh budaya Hindu-Buddha telah mempengaruhi budaya tulis-menulis pada masyarakat di sekitar kawasan tersebut. Penggunaan sumber tertulis dengan aksara lokal salah satunya terdapat pada bagas godang huta Godang, kec. Ulu Pungkut, Mandailing Natal. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan belum dapat dipastikan terkait rentang masa pembuatan dan penggunaan naskah-naskah tersebut oleh masyarakat Mandailing pada masa lalu. Melalui latar belakang tersebut adapun permasalahan penelitian adalah terkait rentang masa pembuatan dan penggunaan pustaha laklak dan naskah bambu yang disimpan di bagas godang huta Godang, Kecamatan Ulu Pungkut, Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, Sumatera Utara. Selain itu bagaimana gambaran masyarakat Mandailing pada rentang masa tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa pustaha laklak A-2/2014 dibuat dan digunakan pada kisaran tahun 1720 - 1890 Masehi dan naskah bambu B-5/2014 tersebut dibuat dan digunakan pada kisaran tahun 1790 - 1950 Masehi. Keberadaan pustaha laklak A-2/2014 dan naskah bambu B-5/2014 ini sebagai bukti bahwa pada abad 18-20an Masehi wilayah Mandailing masih berupa kerajaan kecil yang terdiri dari beberapa huta (kampung)
PERANG KESULTANAN ARU MENGHADAPI KESULTANAN ACEH DI ABAD XVI M: [Aru Sultanate War Facing The Aceh Sultanate in The XVI M]
Full text linkAru Sultanate was a state in Sumatra Island cited by numerous local and international sources between 13th and 16th centuries CE. In the middle of 16th century CE, the sovereignty of Aru was threatened by Aceh Sultanate’s aggression to its neighbouring states in Sumatra. Aru Sultanate’s strategic moves to deal with that aggression is the subject matter of this article. The discussion of such strategies is aimed at revealing what options came to surface by the defensive side to counter the aggressor. Historical reviews of two main records of the Portuguese Tomé Pires and Ferna-O Mendes Pinto revealed the potential strength and strategies adopted by Aru Sultanate to repel Aceh Sultanate’s attack. The presence of the fort as a supporting defensive factor allows Aru Sultanate to deploy a defensive strategy in Aru War I. The defensive stance, however, turned into offensive one in Aru Wars II and III as a strong ally, Johor Sultanate came to assist. Despite more alliances were formed with more states, victory ultimately belonged to Aceh Sultanate.
Kesultanan Aru adalah salah satu negeri di Pulau Sumatera yang disebut oleh sumber-sumber tertulis lokal dan mancanegara sejak abad ke-13 – ke-16 M. Pada pertengahan abad ke-16 M, kedaulatan Kesultanan Aru terancam oleh agresi Kesultanan Aceh ke negeri-negeri tetangganya di Pulau Sumatera. Langkah-langkah strategis apa yang ditempuh oleh Kesultanan Aru dalam menghadapi agresi Kesultanan Aceh, merupakan permasalahan yang diulas dalam karya tulis ini. Pembahasan tentang strategi yang dipakai oleh Kesultanan Aru dalam menghadapi agresi Kesultanan Aceh bertujuan mengungkap pilihan strategi yang diterapkan oleh pihak yang bertahan dalam menghadapi agresi dari luar. Melalui kajian historis terhadap data utama berupa dua catatan bangsa Portugis yakni Tome Pires dan Ferna-O Mendes Pinto, diungkap potensi kekuatan dan strategi yang diterapkan oleh Kesultanan Aru dalam menghadapi serangan Kesultanan Aceh. Keberadaan benteng sebagai salah satu unsur kekuatan negara, membuat Kesultanan Aru memilih strategi yang defensif pada Perang Aru I. Strategi Kesultanan Aru berubah dari defensif menjadi ofensif -saat Perang Aru II dan Perang Aru III- setelah memperoleh sekutu yang kuat yakni Kesultanan Johor. Meskipun jalinan persekutuan telah dibentuk oleh Kesultanan Aru dengan sejumlah negeri, namun kejayaan akhirnya menjadi milik Kesultanan Aceh
Tipologi Motif Hias Tembikar Situs Pulau Kampai, Sumatera Utara
Full text linkPottery is a human creation in the form of objects or containers made of clay which are burned at a burning temperature of 3500C-10000C. The pottery tradition began to be discovered during the cultivation period, in Indonesia pottery became known around 6000 BC, since then pottery has become one of the most important tools in human life. Pottery artifacts are often found at archaeological sites, either intact or in fragments. From the pottery data, there are several aspects that can be studied both in terms of form, decoration and function. The method used in this research is in the form of a special analysis, namely, by observing the attributes of decorative motifs on pottery at the Kampai Island Site, North Sumatra. The data used in this study were the findings of pottery from the excavation of the North Sumatra Archeology Center in 2013. The total number of pottery analyzed in total amounted to 974 shards. The purpose of this study was to determine the typology of decorative pottery motifs at the Kampai Island Site. The results of the research on the analysis of Kampai Island pottery motifs show that there are various decorative motifs so that the classification process of pottery decorative motifs is carried out which can produce several types or typologies of pottery decorative motifs in the Kampai Island Site, namely the types of motifs of lines, squares, circles, and triangles.
Tembikar merupakan suatu hasil karya cipta manusia berupa benda atau wadah yang terbuat dari tanah liat yang dibakar pada suhu pembakaran 3500 C-10000 C. Tradisi tembikar mulai ditemukan pada masa bercocok tanam, di Indonesia tembikar mulai dikenal sekitar 6000 SM, yang sejak saat itu tembikar menjadi salah satu alat perlengkapan yang penting di kehidupan manusia. Artefak tembikar sering ditemukan pada situs arkeologi, baik utuh maupun pecahan. Data tembikar juga dapat diteliti dari beberapa aspek baik dari segi bentuk, hiasan maupun fungsi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa Analisis Khusus yaitu, dengan mengamati atribut motif hias pada tembikar Situs Pulau Kampai, Sumatera Utara. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa temuan tembikar dari hasil ekskavasi Balai Arkeologi Sumatera Utara tahun 2013. Jumlah tembikar yang dianalisis secara keseluruhan berjumlah 974 pecahan. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tipologi motif hias tembikar Situs Pulau Kampai. Hasil penelitian analisis motif hias tembikar Pulau Kampai menunjukan bahwa terdapat motif hias yang beragam sehingga dilakukan proses klasifikasi motif hias tembikar yang dapat menghasilkan beberapa tipe-tipe atau tipologi motif hias tembikar Situs Pulau Kampai, yaitu tipe motif garis, kotak, lingkaran, dan segitiga.Tembikar merupakan suatu hasil karya cipta manusia berupa benda atau wadah yang terbuat dari tanah liat yang dibakar pada suhu pembakaran 3500C-10000C. Tradisi tembikar mulai ditemukan pada masa bercocok tanam, di Indonesia tembikar mulai dikenal sekitar 6000 SM, yang sejak saat itu tembikar menjadi salah satu alat perlengkapan yang penting di kehidupan manusia. Artefak tembikar sering ditemukan pada situs arkeologi, baik utuh maupun pecahan. Dalam jumlah yang banyak paling dominan diantara artefak lainya. Dari data tembikar terdapat beberapa aspek yang dapat diteliti baik dari segi bentuk, hiasan maupun fungsi. Analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa analisis khusus yaitu, mengamati atribut motif hias pada tembikar situs Pulau Kampai, Sumatera Utara. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa temuan tembikar dari hasil ekskavasi Balai Arkeologi Sumatera Utara tahun 2013. Jumlah tembikar yang dianalisis secara keseluruhan berjumlah 974 pecahan. Hasil analisis motif hias tembikar Pulau Kampai menunjukan bahwa terdapat motif hias yang beragam sehingga dilakukan proses klasifikasi motif hias tembikar yang dapat menghasilkan beberapa tipe-tipe atau tipologi motif hias tembikar situs Pulau Kampai, yaitu tipe motif garis, kotak, lingkaran, segitiga dan lingkaran
