Jurnal Teknosains
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MODEL INTEGRASI DESIGN DAN PROSES MANUFAKTUR PADA PERAKITAN PRODUK MULTI-PEMASOK
No full textIn Product design process, aspects related to the manufacturing process and supply chain should be considered. The design is produced not only satisfy for consumers needs but it fulfilled the constraints related to manufacturingand supply chain aspects. This research aims to make a model to determine the cheapest product design from both of manufacturing process and supply chain. This research uses binary programming as an approach. The cost aspects used in this research are component’s manufacturing cost, supplier fixed contact cost, assembly operation cost and quality improvement cost. The result of research, a physical product design with the lowest total cost by combining components from several designs and adding the value constraint on the quality specification
SCAFFOLD BHA/GELATIN DENGAN PELAPIS PVA UNTUK APLIKASI IMPLAN
No full textHard tissue defect, particularly at the bone structure, is a common problem in Indonesia causing improper function. About 60% of it is caused by defects that occur since birth, and the rest is caused by other factors, such as accidents. To treat these problems, medical doctor usually carry out transplantation or implantation. Implantation is done by filling the bone cavity with biomaterial made from Ca/P-based material, such as hydroxyapatite (HA). In the form of powder, pure HA is difficult to be formed into a certain shape and geometry since this material is brittle and has a high melting point (1400 oc), which is impossible to reach in a surgery environment. Additionally, in the form of macro-porous blocks, they are very weak and easy to break, far from the requirements. In order to form pure HA at room temperature and still fulfill the required strength, other biocompatible materials are needed. In this work, HA, gelatin and PVA were used to form samples. The HA was derived from bovine bone, bioactivity and oteoconductivity. Gelatin was used as a matrix of the composite, whilst Polyvynil Alchohol (PVA) acted as a coating. The HA was derived by calcination of bovine chips at 900 oC for 2 hours, while the gelatin (G) and PVA were supplied by commercial purchase. The ratio of [G/bHA] to distilled water (H2O) was 30%, 40% dan 50% w/v. PVA 0.2% w/w coating was done by dipping the block in liquid nitrogen (N2). Tests were performed by DTS and microstructure analysis was carried out by SEM. The results show that sample with [G/bHA] of 50% w/v gave DTS of 6.219 MPa. This tensile strength matched the strength of human bone from a 62 year old person.
APLIKASI KOAGULAN ALAMI DARI TEPUNG JAGUNG DALAM PENGOLAHAN AIR BERSIH
No full textMaize can be used as natural coagulant in water treatment process.The aim of this research was find the optimum condition on water treatment using natural coagulant from maize. Maize extract made by dissolving 5 grams of maize into 100 ml NaCl. The solution separated by centrifugation. The supernatant named extract of maize. Extract of maize loaded onto column packed with Amberlite and produced ionic maize.The active components are carboxyl, hydroxyl and amides groups. Ionic maize yield better turbidity removal than extract of maize. Coagulation withh high initial turbidity gave high efficiency of turbidity removal than low turbidity. Coagulation process runs efficiently at pH 5 because at that point the isoelectric point was obtained. The flowrate less than 0.03 m/ min, the alum will provide the efficiency of suspended solids removal greater than extract of maize. While the over flowrate higher than 0.03 m / min, settling velocity of kaolin using alum and extract of maize are the same
KAJIAN PENGARUH KONSENTRASI Rhizopus sp. SEBAGAI AGEN PENGIKIS PROTEIN TERHADAP MUTU KULIT IKAN GURAMI TERSAMAK
No full textThe study aimed to assess the effect of protease activity of Rhizopus sp. as a bating agent on the tanned carp leather quality, and their use for commercial leather products. The study was designed with a completely randomized design with four treatment, namely: the concentration of protease from Rhizopus sp. 0.5% (a1), 1.0% (a2), 1.5% (a3) and palkobat 1.0% (a4/control) with 3 replications. Parameters were observed that is (1) protease activity of Rhizopus sp and palcobat; (2) Thickness (mm), tensile strength (N/cm2), tear strength (N/cm), elongation (%), enervation (mm), shrinkage temperature (ºC), fat/oil content (%) of tanned leather; and (3) level of consumer acceptance (%) and added valuead of comercial leather product. The data of tanned leather quality is then compared with SNI 06-4586-1998 concenring freshwater snake skin leather and chrome Burk’s Bay (1996) on the raw material quality leather products. The test results of protease activity of Rhizopus sp. = 7.97 mg/50mg/ jam and palkobat = 13.62 mg/50 mg/hour. The results of the analysis of tanned leather carp qulity sample from each treatment and comparison with the SNI as follows: (1) Thickness: 0.41 (a1), 0.38 (a2), 0.43 (a3), 0.41mm (a4) and ≥ 0.22 (SNI 06-4586-1998). Tensile strength: 1682.67; 1818.17; 1195.57; 1670.55 and 1,000N/cm2 (SNI). Tear strength: 314.87; 310.95; 332.06; 462.22, and 150.00 N/cm (SNI). Elongation: 93.33; 62.67; 56.67; 97.33, and <30.00% (SNI). Enervation: 1.87; 2.20; 1.63, 2.49, and ≥ 2.0 mm (Burk’s Bay, 1996). Shrinkage temperature: 74.00; 95.33; 96.33; 97.33, and ≥ 70.33ºC (SNI). The fat/oil content: 7.84; 8.17; 5.25; 8.49, and 2.00 to 6.00% (SNI). All treatments were tested has met the SNI quality, except elongation and fat/oil content. The level of consumer acceptance of the Oval HP Cover that is (1) aspects of the display (76.67% like and 23.33% dislike), (2) the use of convenience (66.67% like and 33.33% dislike ), and (3) price (63.33% accepted and 23.67 reject). The level of consumer acceptance of the Box Cover HP models that is (1) aspects of the display (80.00% like and 20.00% dislike), (2) convenience of use (86.67% like and 13.33% dislike), and (3) price (66.67% accepted and 33.33% reject). The economic value of tanned carp leather as big as Rp 160.000/20 leather pieces and leather products as big as Rp 420,000 per 15 pieces of product
PERBAIKAN PROSES FERMENTASI BIJI KAKAO KERING DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TETES TEBU, KHAMIR, DAN BAKTERI ASAM ASETAT
No full textMost of cocoa beans produced by smallholder farmers were non fermented which can be improved by modifiedfermentation processing. This study was aimed to inverstigate the influence of molasses, yeast Saccharomycescerevisiae, and Acetobacter aceti addition on dried cocoa beans fermentation process.Fresh cocoa beans were dried in a glasshouse and its reducing sugar was analyzed before and after drying. Asmall plastic bucket (20 cm diameter and 30 cm height) with aeration holes was used as fermentation vessel. Driedcocoa beans were soaked in distilled water for 4 hours, inoculated with yeast and acetic acid bacteria cultures, andmolasses were added at two different concentration, i.e, 1 and 1.5 times of reducing sugar lost during drying.Reducing sugar, ethanol, titrated acid, population of yeast, and acetic acid bacteria were monitored duringfermentation. After fermentation the beans were sun dried and its pH and degree of fermentation were determinedto assess the bean quality.The results showed that the addition of molasses mostly at the level of 1.5, S. cerevisiae, and A. aceti increasereducing sugar, ethanol, titrated acid, yeast and acetic acid bacteria of fermentation liquid (pulp). The highestpercentage of fermented beans (68.4 %) was achieved by addition of S. cerevisiae, A. aceti, and molasses atthe level 1.5. It is likely that the addition of S. cerevisiae, A. aceti, and molasses could improve fermentationprocessing of dried cocoa bean
PENGARUH KHLORHEKSIDIN DIGLUKONAT 2% DAN GLISERIN SEBAGAI BAHAN PENCAMPUR KALSIUM HIDROKSIDA TERHADAP SISA KALSIUM HIDROKSIDA PADA SEPERTIGA APIKAL DINDING SALURAN AKAR GIGI
No full textThe most widely used intracanal medicament is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH2). However, the residue ofCa(OH)2 in the root canal must be removed prior to obturation. The residue of Ca(OH)2 in the root canalwalls would result in apical leakage. This is due to the unstable dimension of Ca(OH)2, reduced flowand working time of the sealers, and decreased adhesion of sealers and gutta percha to root canal walls.This study aimed to determine the effect of Ca(OH)2 vehicles and agitation irrigation techniques on theresidue of Ca(OH)2 in the apical third of the root canal walls.Twelve extracted mandibular first premolars were used in this study. The crowns of the teethwere removed at the apical part of cemento enamel junction with a length of 14 mm from the apical.The canals were prepared with a Step Back technique to obtain Master Apical File ( MAF ) # 40. Thespecimens were randomly devided into groups I, the pastes of Ca(OH)2+chlorhexidine digluconate 2%.In groups II, the pastes of Ca (OH)2+ glycerin were applied. Each specimen of the study was sectionedin the sagittal direction, then was photographed under a stereo microscope at 120x magnification. Thepercentages of Ca(OH)2 residue were calculated using UTHSCSA image tool 3 software. Data wereanalyzed using T-test at 95% level of significance.The results revealed that the group of Ca(OH)2+ chlorhexidine digluconate 2% paste showed thelowest number of residual Ca(OH)2.The conclusion of this study was that the vehicles affected the totalresidue of Ca(OH)2
The Routledge Handbook of Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction
No full textBuku ini menjelaskan secara detail tentang ancaman bencana yang ada, berupa ancaman bencana geofisik, ancaman bencana hidro-meterologis, ancaman bencana biologis/ekologis, dan ancaman bencana astronomi
MANAJEMEN RISIKO TSUNAMI UNTUK PENATAAN RUANG DI PESISIR PERKOTAAN PACITAN JAWA TIMUR
No full textThe process of tsunami risk management through the use of disaster information is the important things to carry out by government of region with high potential tsunami hazard such as urban areas of Pacitan. Assessment of tsunami risk begins from hazard assessment, vulnerability and capacity assessment will provide appropriate information and also support decision making processes in order to reduce risk and loss that might arise when the disaster actually occurs. The policies of tsunami risk reduction could be done by spatial planning policy to regulate and control land usage in The Urban Pacitan. This article describes how the tsunami risk management for spatial planning done by the Pacitan Government
KAJIAN KONSEPTUAL PEMODELAN PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN UNTUK STUDI ILMU LINGKUNGAN
No full textModeling is one of the methods in the portfolio of techniques and approaches available to unravel the dynamics of the land-use system. In this perspective, models are used as a learning and communication tool between researchers to formalize knowledge on the dynamics of land-use change. Land-use system is a very complex system, such that computer modeling is needed as a computational laboratory to estimate and test hypotheses about the process of land-use change. One of the major difficulties in multi-disciplinary research is to find ways to express oneself, which are acceptable to all the disciplines involved and free from the connotation of any or all of them. Land-use change models play an important role in exploring possible future developments in the land-use system. This paper attempts to show the methods and approaches to be used as a communication and learning environment for stakeholders involved in the decision making about land-use change systems in the field of environmen
Karakteristik Toksisitas Hidroksiapatit yang Disintesis dari Kalsit Terhadap Rattus norvegicus
No full textThe use of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) in biomedical application is well warranted. It has shown to havean excellent biocompatibility in human tooth and bones. The present study was conducted to know the toxicitycharacteristics of hydroxyapatite synthesized from Mojokerto calcite in Rattus norvegicus. In this study 30Rattus norvegicus were used as experimental animals. The animals were divided into 3 groups (n=10) to be givenHA-calcite, HA-200 (Waco, Japan), and aquadest (control) orally. The animals were observed 7 days and thenwere analyzed for: fatality rate and clinical behavior, hematology test, organ morphology, and histopathologyappearance. The result showed that there was not any animal death during 7 days observation. None of the animalexhibited any noteworthy findings in clinical behavior, hematology test, organ morphology, and histopathologyappearance. In conclusion, HA-calcite did not show any acute toxicity characteristic; therefore, it was potential tobe used as an alternative material for bone substitution