643 research outputs found
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Improving English writing skills using social support slogans
Full text linkThis research aims to study English writing competencies in 88 students enrolled in three professional programs production mechanics, automotive mechanics, and electrical engineering from a public technological institute in Peru, after implementing a program of social support slogans. This research adopted a mixed-method design with the quantitative stage divided into three parts. The first stage determined the differences in English writing competences between the three student groups assigned based on their professional programs, and the second stage was to understand how these study groups differ according to their elements of divergent thinking. Finally, the last quantitative stage validated a model considering two constructs: program benefits (PB) and type of posters (KP). Meanwhile, the qualitative data was obtained using an open-ended survey distributed to these students. The results show that the medians are not statistically significant for writing competencies, based on the Kruskal-Wallis test (sig. 0.200). Second, the clustering results highlighted the originality, although three different conglomerates were formed. Third, an acceptable factorial structure was achieved for the proposed fit model (RMSEA 0.045; CFI 0.968; and TLI 0.957). Likewise, the data from the open-ended questionnaire was coded into writing improvement, social dimension and innovative activity. They valued the poster project for improving English writing while applying knowledge to issues such as workplace safety and energy saving. They also emphasized its innovative and creative nature. Poster design encouraged greater reading and analysis of English texts, supporting better writing, with outcomes linked to poster types: emotional, informational, companionship, or tangible
Developing English for Maritime Coursebook through Project-Based Concern: Aligning with Seafarers' STSDD Certification Requirements
Full text linkThis study investigates the implementation of project-based concern to develop an English coursebook model for maritime training aligned with Seafarers' STSDD certification requirements. Following Gall Borg model design, the research obviously aimed to create an interactive teaching material model suitable for a foundational English course tailored for seafarers. Educational needs were identified through surveys, interviews, and documentation, revealing ten thematic areas structured with five tasks each. These thematic areas encompassed essential topics such as maritime communication, safety procedures, navigation, marine engineering, cargo operations, environmental awareness, cultural competence, legal aspects, health, and emergencies. Tasks within these areas included theoretical knowledge, in-class exercises, and practical field assignments designed to enhance both individual and group learning experiences. These components were meticulously aligned with standards aimed at improving English for Maritime language skills among seafarers preparing for STSDD certification. The resulting teaching material model project-based concern tailored guidelines specific to the unique contexts of maritime training. Effectiveness was assessed using the N-Gain Score, resulting in a score of 0.86 (86.36%), indicating a significant enhancement in language skills. The findings suggest that this project-based concern not only improves seafarers English for Maritime language skills but also holds practical implications for onboard application. By incorporating project-based concern and specific materials, educators can optimize training programs to better equip seafarers for the linguistic demands of their roles and the requirements of STSDD certification exams
Leveraging students prewriting: Translanguaging in Indonesian higher education context
Full text linkAdvertisement sells fantasy more than it sells products. Through its slogan, an EFL students in Indonesia often encounter difficulties developing ideas because of their limited English proficiency, which can hinder their writing development. This study examined how translanguaging enhanced idea generation among EFL students in Indonesian higher education during the prewriting stage by utilizing their diverse linguistic repertoires to improve communication. Through classroom ethnography and the Multimodal Conversation Analysis framework, the research explored how students employed their linguistic and multimodal resources to develop ideas, facilitate communication and collaboration, and support creative expression and problem-solving. Data were collected through video recordings of student interactions and written artifacts produced during the prewriting session. The findings revealed that EFL students effectively coordinated verbal and nonverbal modes to co-construct meaning, creatively convey concepts, and enrich idea expression during prewriting activities. The study also uncovered that translanguaging occurred when students creatively co-construct information, reflect their identities, produce meaning flexibly, impact each other's language usage, and communicate multimodally. This study highlighted the importance of recognizing and valuing students' linguistic and cultural backgrounds and their multimodal competencies in developing inclusive and equitable learning environments that foster academic writing success. By embracing students' holistic communicative repertoires, translanguaging and multimodal practices can create a conducive atmosphere for engaging and memorable multilingual learning experiences
Key Predictors of Proficiency in L2 Writing: Syntactic, Lexical Complexity, and Accuracy
Full text linkWhile many studies have examined individual aspects of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) as indicators of language performance, few have explored how syntactic complexity, lexical complexity, and accuracy function together to measure writing proficiency. This study aims to fill that gap by identifying reliable methods to measure 14 indices of syntactic complexity, 5 of lexical complexity, and 9 of accuracy. It additionally investigates how these indices contribute to holistic writing assessments. It further examines which specific indices best predict writing proficiency and determine writing quality. A total of 138 essays by Korean learners of English were analyzed using the L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer and Text Inspector. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to interpret the data. The results show that proficiency is best predicted by the number of coordinate phrases per clause and dependent clauses per T-unit (syntactic complexity), sophistication (lexical complexity), and article usage (accuracy). Lexical sophistication emerged as the strongest predictor of proficiency. The paper also discusses the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) rubrics and offers insights into selecting and categorizing writing proficiency measures. Implications for L2 writing assessment, pedagogy, and the use of automated text analysis tools are discussed, along with suggestions for future research
Phonological alterations of alveolar lateral sounds in Mewati: An analysis using Optimality Theory
Full text linkThis study examines the complex phonological shifts within the Mewati language, focusing on the transformation of the alveolar lateral sound between two vowels into an alveolar tap/flap. Using Optimality Theory (OT), our primary goal is to uncover the underlying process responsible for this phonological alteration. Fieldwork, in-depth interviews, and audio recordings were used to acquire extensive data. Together, these three data sources contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the phonological alteration under investigation. In summary, fieldwork provides the context, in-depth interviews offer insights into speakers perspectives, and audio recordings supply the raw phonetic data. The research field was Haryanas District Mewat, where we engaged a diverse group of fifty informants, including youth, adults, and the elderly. Mewati, a language native to Haryanas Mewat district exhibits a striking pattern. Our findings revealed that Mewati speakers relinquished the identity of the alveolar lateral sound if it did not occur between two adjacent vowels. These linguistic constraints serve as crucial determinants in evaluating potential output candidates, aligning them with the ranking features of input candidates in the framework of OT. The data collected from the heart of Mewat unequivocally confirms the presence of a phonological alteration process within the linguistic landscape of this region
Responses to earlier literature in research article introductions: A rhetorical study in applied linguistics
Full text linkGiven that researchers aim to publish in prestigious journals, understanding the rhetorical organization of such publications is crucial. While this topic has been extensively studied, existing research has yet to explore how authors in reputable journals engage with prior literature. To fill this gap, the present study intends to analyze how research article authors respond to other earlier literature in their research article introductions (RAIs) published in reputable international applied linguistics journals. This study aims to achieve two objectives: to find out to what extent responding to other earlier literature is important in RAIs, and to discover what types of response authors employ in their RAIs. To achieve these goals, this study employed combined descriptive qualitative and quantitative approaches for analyzing 40 RAIs published in Q1 journals as data sets in the present study. Then, a new analytical framework was designed to respond to the above objectives. The results indicated that responding to other earlier literature is obligatory in RAIs published in reputable international applied linguistics journals. In responding to other earlier literature, authors employed three types of response: either extending other earlier studies, modifying other earlier studies, or establishing a new method, idea, or knowledge. This study offers theoretical contributions by expanding the understanding of how research article authors engage with prior literature within their RAIs. Its practical implications include guiding researchers on effectively utilizing prior literature to establish their research agenda when publishing in reputable journals
Sound changes in the Haloban language of the Banyak Islands, Aceh, Indonesia
Full text linkSound change is a universal phenomenon and is strongly influenced by contextual factors. Variant sounds that appear as cognates across languages can be identified and explained through linguistic analysis within a cultural framework. This study aims to identify sound changes in the Haloban language by comparing them with a related language spoken on Simeulue Island, the Defayan language. A qualitative method was employed in this research. Data were collected through recordings of Halobanese wordlist utterances and interviews with native Halobanese speakers. Six informants participated in the study, comprising three male and three female native speakers. Data collection involved documentation techniques, including recording, transcription, and translation into both Indonesian and English. The data were analyzed for regular and semi-regular (sporadic) sound changes between Proto-Austronesian (PAN) and Haloban. The Haloban language is spoken in only two villages in the Pulau Banyak District, Aceh Singkil Regency, Aceh Province. The results showed a regular sound change in which the PAN sound /b/ becomes /w/ in Haloban. Semi-regular changes included sound loss, addition, fusion, and unpacking. In comparison with the Defayan language, two regular sound changes were identified in Haloban: /b/ and /f/ becoming /w/. These sound changes contribute to the linguistic identity of the Halobanese people
Reinterpretation of religious and nationalism in Wasiat Renungan Masa: A hermeneutical approach to Hamzanwadis thought
Full text linkThis research explored the reinterpretation of the dimensions of religion and nationalism in Hamzanwadis Wasiat Renungan Masa. This research aimed to understand religious messages and nationalism in the context of changing times and reveal their relevance to the challenges of globalization and modernization. The problem in this study lay in the complexity of the relationship between the spiritual dimension and national identity that emerged in the text. This research method was a hermeneutic approach to analyze the text in depth using the data source of the text Wasiat Renungan Masa. Data collection techniques were based on literature studies and text analysis. Data analysis techniques involve in-depth interpretation to uncover hidden meanings. Data validation was performed through triangulation by comparing the results of the analysis with the views of literary experts. The results of this study indicated that the religiosity of Kiyai Hamzanwadi is inseparable from the spirit of nationalism; instead, both complement and strengthen each other. Religion is considered a source of inspiration that encourages individuals to fight for the interests of the nation and state, while nationalism is not only a concept of nationality but also an expression of loyalty to religious teachings. This research enriches the understanding of literatures role in expressing religious values, nationalism, and their relevance to identity and social change in Indonesia
Understanding mangrove conservation through metaphors in ecological discourse: An ecolinguistics study
Full text linkMetaphor is deeply pervasive in human life. It is not only used in aesthetic or literary languages but also in everyday colloquial speech. This study aims to investigate conceptual metaphor in ecological discourse related to mangrove conservation on the eastern coast of North Sumatra and decipher the underlying ecosophy. The researchers also sought to figure out the ecosophical values reflected in the metaphor using an ecolinguistics perspective. A qualitative method was employed to explore the metaphorical expressions concerning mangroves. The data were collected from a report and an interview related to mangrove conservation at Pantai Sejarah Tourism Centre and Mangrove Conservation in Belawan, North Sumatra. The data were analyzed using Steens Metaphor Identification Process (MIP). The results showed that there are 23 instances of conceptual metaphors, categorized into five metaphorical conceptualizations: mangroves are war, mangroves are people, mangroves are a valuable commodity, mangroves are building, and mangroves are containers. These conceptual metaphors have specific linguistic expressions that establish the metaphors. Each metaphor was examined under the lens of ecosophy to determine whether or not the language used promotes the ecosophy. The implications of the study reflect that conceptual metaphors indeed exist in ecological discourse on mangrove conservation, indicating that mangroves are cognitively conceptualized in peoples minds, talked about, and integrated into everyday life
Patterns of language errors in the writing of Bosnian EFL students: A case study
Full text linkLinguistic errors remain a persistent challenge for B2-level EFL learners, with research showing that grammatical misapplication accounts for nearly half of the language inaccuracies. This study investigates 942 errors in argumentative essays written by Bosnian EFL learners, focusing on grammatical, lexical, and typographical challenges that impact their English writing proficiency. The data, consisting of 90 essays with a total word count of 45,786, were collected and analyzed following a structured procedure: collection, identification, description, and evaluation of learners errors. A descriptive-qualitative error analysis approach was employed to classify errors and examine their underlying causes systematically. To ensure reliability and consistency in the analysis, three instructors independently reviewed the essays. Inter-rater reliability was achieved through collaborative discussions, where any discrepancies in error classification were resolved through consensus. Errors were categorized into grammatical (50.2%), word-choice (29.3%), and typographical (20.5%) types and further analyzed to determine their origins as intralingual or interlingual. A deeper investigation revealed that 58% of errors were intralingual, resulting from overgeneralization and rule misapplication, while the remaining 42% were interlingual, influenced by Bosnian language interference. These findings highlight the need for focused interventions, particularly in grammar and vocabulary instruction. By uncovering error patterns and their causes, the study contributes to refining pedagogical strategies that support EFL learners writing proficiency