Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business
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ORGANIZATIONAL AND PERSONALITY EFFECTS ON MANAGERS’ JOB STRESS: Is It Different for Malaysian Men and Women?
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to determine the influence of organizational variables (conflict, blocked career, alienation, work overload, and unfavorable work environment) and personality variables (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) on job stress among managers working in the electronics sector in 4Malaysia and whether this relationship varies according to their gender. Analyses of 285 responses using hierarchical regression revealed that four of five organizational variables (blocked career, alienation, work overload, and conflict) had significant positive effects on job stress. In terms of the personality traits, neuroticism and conscientiousness were found to be significantly and positively related to stress. Extraversion and agreeableness, on the other hand, had significant negative effects on job stress. Gender was found to moderate the effects of all the independent variables on job stress at the 0.01 level. Implications for managerial practice and future research are discussed
CAN ACCOUNTING INFORMATION ACT AS A PROXY FOR EX ANTE UNCERTAINTY IN INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS?
No full textThis paper reviews and summarizes previous works and the rationale for the proposition that accounting information is in fact value relevant in the determination of an initial public offering IPO).Theoretical and empirical evidence has indicated that certain accounting measures can he used as proxies for total firm risk, that is, they could determine the riskiness of a corporation. The literature also advocates that accounting information is relevant in determining the value and thus the riskiness of a corporation through the use of accounting analysis. Since most of the information available in the prospectus is accounting information, it is arguable that this information represents a potential source for assessing the issuing firm. Some scholars have also advocated the possibility of using accounting information in assessing the value of firm making an IPO. Numerous papers have provided analytical and empirical evidence of the association between accounting numbers and the value of IPOs. The conclusion generally comes to show that information in the prospectus is value relevant concerning the IPO. The paper shows that it is indeed an arguable to use accounting information in the valuation of an IPO. Accordingly, it is an empirical issue whether accounting information has the property in explaining the ex-ante uncertainty of an IPO
AN INVESTIGATION OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIAN MANUFACTURING INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS
No full textThis paper examines whether the issuers of Indonesian manufacturing initial public offerings (IPOs) manage the firm's reported earnings by making income increasing discretionary accruals. The absence of market-determined prices for IPO shares prior to the offering has made issuers and underwriters to use nonprice information. The test was performed on a sample of 45 IPOs that went public during the period of July1991 through December 1994. The model used in this study follows the one developed by Friedlan (1994). The results show that there is no evidence that earnings management occurs among the sample firms. In other words, this study is unable to reject the null hypothesis that the issuers of Indonesian IPOs exercise accounting discretion that increases the reported earnings in the periods prior to the offering. In contrast, the study finds strong evidence of earnings management in the period after the offering, which could be interpreted as issuers trying to maintain the firm's performance after the offering by making income increasing discretionary accruals
PERCEPTIONS OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGERS ON TELECOMMUTING CONCEPT: Implementation in Malaysian Firms
Get PDFTelecommuting concept has been a new phenomenon for most ofMalaysian firms, especially for human resource managers. Further, the drive towards promoting the telecommuting concept need to be done as part of paradigm change as Malaysia is becoming an industrialized nation–Vision 2020 of the Prime Minister. This study was conducted on the Malaysian human resource managers in representing their firm’s stand on the telecommuting concept. The purpose of this paper is to explore the level of acceptance of the telecommuting concept by the human resource managers. It was discovered that high percentage of the human resource managers shown their concern on the acceptance of the telecommutingconcept
WHY MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY PERSISTED TO CLUSTER SPATIALLY IN JAVA?
No full textThis paper attempts to examine which theory is best in explaining the geographic concentration in Java, an island in which most of the Indonesia’s large and medium manufacturing industries have located overwhelmingly. Using the regional specialization index as a measure of geographic concentration of manufacturing industry and pooling data over the period 1991-J996, our econometric analysis integrates the perspectives of industry, region (space), and time. The most striking result is that most of the NCT (Neo-Classical Theory) hypotheses can be rejected. Moreover, most of the findings support the NTT (New Trade Theory) and NEG (New Economic Geography). Our findings suggest that manufacturing firms in Java seek to locate in more populous and densely populated areas to enjoy both localization economies and urbanization economies, as shown by the significance of scale economies and income per capita. The interplay of agglomeration economies is intensified by the imperfect competition of Java's market structure. This paper gives empirical evidence with respect to path dependency hypotheses. This finding supports the NEG's belief that history matters: older firms tend to enhance regional specialization. In addition, the results, as shown by statistical significance of its regional dummy, suggest that most of the specialized industries in Java have better access to infrastructure
WHAT A FIRM TAKES TO COMPETE IN CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC ADVERSITY
Get PDFThis article attempts to identify the key factors that underpin thesuccess of firms in conditions of economic distress. Such factors encompass astute management with the skill and experience in a variety of competitive moves and maneuvers; adoption of low-cost -low price strategies; more use of scenario planning rather than mere replication of past company actions; sufficient liquidity to exploit opportunities availed by economic downturn;and exploiting the advantages of knowledge management. Better incorporation of information technology, proper use of currency risk management methods, smart globalization that incorporates both government and non-government elements, favors the formation of joint ventures with local businessmen, and investment of ample time in the understanding the customs, values, and traditions of local societies elevate company’s com-petitive advantages over rivals which enhances the company’s capacity to deal with economic distress. It is incontrovertible, however, that the success of firms must be backed by strong and appropriate macroeconomic management by governments with respect to fiscal, monetary and trade policies
FROM ACTION LEARNING TOTHETEACHING ORGANIZATION: An Experiential Approach
No full textThis paper expounds action learning for effective change leadership development using the learning-teaching helix as a paradigm for individual’s introspection. Which consists of five phases—Awareness phase (as certain your strengths and weaknesses). Alignment phase (identify your core competence). Action phase (synthesize your work, business and management skills), Adoption phase (becoming a leader) and Assurance phase (excel as an educator cum coach). In addition, to succeed, the individual has to plan, strategize, prioritize and integrate. As a holistic manager the individual needs to think, feel and do to evolve from continuous action learning to the cycle of teaching for continuous innovation in organizational performance capabilities
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUPPLIER PARTNERSHIP, ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES ANDFIRM PERFORMANCE IN RETAIL INDUSTRY
No full textPartnership with suppliers is becoming a critical activity in retail industry to strengthen their competitive position. However, evidence suggested that partnership efforts do not reach their potential due to the effect of external factors. This article presents a comprehensive model that depicts the links among the supplier partnership, environmental variables and firm performance. Data for testing the model were collected by sending a questionnaire to a sample of retail industry in Indonesia. Hypothesized links depicted in the research model were tested using structural equation modeling. The findings show that supplier partnership affects positively firm performance in general term as well as across components of performance measurement. The empirical results suggest that the effect of environmental variables on supplier partnership is: market turbulence has a positive effect, competitive intensity and demand volatility have a negative effect
AN INVESTIGATION INTO FACTORS INFLUENCING INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIC ALLIANCE PROCESS
No full textEmpirical research indicates that strategic alliances, like other organizational forms, emerge as an adaptive mechanism to market uncertainty, and their developments over time reflect the co-evolution of distinctive firm capabilities and of industry and market activities. Interestingly, most strategic alliances go through similar revolutionary cycles in terms of their motives and capabilities toward the cooperative relationship. Studies in this areas how that alliance failure is an outcome of the co-evolutionary adjustment to changes in the market, the competitive dynamics between partners, and assessment of efficiency of the alliance as an alternative governance structure. It is thus critical to adopt a dynamics perspective and historical observations of cooperative process. This paper attempts to distil, derive and integrate theories across different perspectives into a unified framework that offers a better understanding of alliance process development. Our analysis shows that we can divide strategic alliance development into three phases of development: formation, operation and evaluation. We further endeavor to seek the important factors that should be taken into account in each stage of their life
THE INTERVENING EFFECTS OF PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS AND INTERPERSONAL TRUST ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MULTIPLE MEASURES-BASED PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND MANAGERS' JOB SATISFACTION
No full textCriticisms directed at the use of financial measures alone for performance evaluation have led to much interest in the use of nonfinancial performance measures to balance the financial measures. Hence, much recent research has been directed to investigate the effectiveness sand behavioral consequences of a mix of financial and nonfinancial measures (e.g. the Balanced Scorecard approach) in contemporary settings. However, there is evidence from prior studies to suggest that the manner or how performance measures are used may affect the subordinates' behavior and work-related attitudes indirectly through the subordinates' perception of the justness of these measures and the interpersonal trust these measures promote. There is also evidence to indicate that it is the extent of the subordinates' agreement with the performance measures used in the evaluation, rather than the measures per se, which affects their behavior and work-related attitudes. Subordinates are more likely to agree with performance measures which they regard as fair and which enhance their trust in their superiors. This study therefore investigates if the effects of a mix of financial and nonfinancial measures (such as those used in the Balanced Scorecard approach) on subordinates' job satisfaction are indirect through the subordinates' perception of the greater extent of fairness (justness) in the evaluation process and the greater extent of trust such a mix of measures promotes. The results, based on a sample of 70 managers, support the expectation that a mix of financial and nonfinancial has no direct effect on subordinates’ job satisfaction. Instead, the effects of such a mix of performance measures on subordinates’ job satisfaction are indirect through the enhancement of the subordinates’ favorable perceptions of procedural fairness and interpersonal trust