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[Research Notes] Current Status of Open Data in Historical Earthquake Studies
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[Research Notes] Identifier for Japanese Historical Earthquakes
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[Research Materials] A Collection of Historical Records on Gonzetsu (金漆) : Japanese Documents Version
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[フィールドサイエンスの再統合と地域文化研究の創発 vol.1] 集積型映像記録の検証 : 映像による民俗誌の叙述に関する総合的研究—制作とアーカイブズの実践的方法論の検討—
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[Article] Old Roof Tiles Rubbings of ‘Reitokaku-Shukocho’ and Tou Teikan's ‘Kogafu’ : A Foundational Study on Their Compilation Processes
Full text link本稿では、「『聆涛閣集古帖』の総合資料学的研究」の一環として、『聆涛閣集古帖』のうち瓦帖に焦点を当て、その編纂過程を明らかにするための基礎的研究をおこなった。結果として、本帖編纂の最も重要な作業である瓦拓本の貼り込み方に異同があること、それが拓本の入手経路や拓本制作者の違いを示す可能性があること、藤貞幹が拓本制作者の一人であること、また藤貞幹作の『古瓦譜』と類似性を持ち、とりわけ最初期の『古瓦譜』として知られる大阪府立中之島図書館本に近いこと等が明らかになった。また本帖の編纂作業を検討する価値は、前近代において古瓦というモノを歴史資料化する過程の解明、ひいては考古学の営みの発生を知ることにつながる点にあると考えた。This study is part of a comprehensive examination of ‘Reitokaku-Shukocho’ (The Reitokaku's Catalogue of Antiquities), which comprises a collection of illustrated records and rubbings of antiquities produced by the Yoshida family in Settsu Province (now Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture). This paper describes basic research aimed at elucidating the compilation process, focusing on a collection of old roof tiles within the catalogue. The findings reveal variations in how rubbed tiles are affixed within the catalogue, a crucial aspect of its compilation. These differences may signify variances in the acquisition and production of the rubbings. Tou Teikan is identified as one of the rubbings' creators. Moreover, the rubbings bear resemblance to Tou Teikan's ‘Kogafu’ (A collection of rubbings of ancient tiles), particularly resembling the Osaka Prefectural Nakanoshima Library edition, known as the earliest comprehensive ‘Kogafu’. Examining the compilation of this catalogue is deemed valuable for understanding the historical data production process from old tiles in the pre-modern era and, consequently, for comprehending the genesis of archaeology as a discipline.departmental bulletin pape
[Research Notes] Collections and Compilations of Traced Plaques Hunging at Palace, Temple and Shrine : Study form ‘Reitokaku-Shukocho’
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[Article] Variation in the Distribution of Solar Radiation Using Historical Weather Descriptions during the Tempo Famine Period
Full text link気候変動が人間社会に与える影響については，歴史学においても，将来の気候変化への対応においても重要な課題である。気象観測開始より前の気候要因と社会および経済状態との連関を論じるためには，年よりも時間解像度の高い気候変化を空間パターンの時系列として示す必要がある。日本では毎日の天候記録を含んだ古文書が数多く残され，気候復元に利用されている。そこで，本研究では，天候不順などの異常天候による気候災害と社会への影響の議論に有用な，ある1年ではなく複数年にわたる，連続した空間分布をもつ気候要素の復元を試みた。天気の良し悪しと密接な関係にある気象変数として日射量を考え，天保の飢饉があった1830年代を含む1821年から1850年の30年間について，日記に含まれる天気記録から複数地点の月平均日射量の空間分布を推定した。定性的な天気記録から日射量を推定するため，まず，現在の天気の観測として気象庁の天気概況と全天日射量の関係から作成された推定方法を古日記の天気記録に適用した。日射量は植物の生長への寄与が大きい気象要素の一つであり，その変動は農作物の収量等にも影響する。そこで，1833年，1836年，1838年の月平均日射量推定値の30年平均値に対する割合による日射量の空間分布および季節進行を基に稲作への影響を議論した。1836年の日射量分布とその季節進行の特徴は，北東北と南九州を除き夏季の日射量が低く，本州の中央部分を中心に，5月から9月までの長期に渡り日射量が低い状態が続いたことである。また，1836年と1838年は，北東北の日射量が平年並みかそれ以上であり，夏季の間，梅雨前線と同様な前線帯が本州に停滞している状態が続き，いわゆる夏の晴れではなく，前線の北側で寒かった可能性が示唆された。The impact of climate change on human society has been a significant issue in historical studies and is also crucial for future adaptation to climate change. Japan has a large volume of records, including those related to daily weather conditions (e.g., “fine,” “cloudy,” “rainy”) from the 17th to 19th century. These records have been used to reconstruct data related to climate variation and events in various parts of Japan. To understand climate change and its devastating impacts on societies in the past, before the start of meteorological observations of the Japan Meteorological Agency, the spatial patterns of climate variations must be reconstructed with a higher temporal resolution than those provided by the annual data. In addition, solar radiation is a fundamental factor for not only the energy balance of the Earth but also the hydrological cycle and agricultural productivity. Therefore, this study attempted to reconstruct monthly mean solar radiation data from 1821 to 1850 based on the weather descriptions recorded in 18 historical diaries. It also discusses inter-seasonal climate disasters and their effect, focusing on the Tempo Famine in Japan in the 1830s. The method used in this study was effective for all seasons and could reconstruct solar radiation data with higher temporal resolution than other methods or proxy data used to assess historical climate variation. We examined the climate conditions in 1833, 1836, and 1838 with the spatial distribution and inter-seasonal solar radiation variations shown as the percentage of the reconstructions from the 30-year mean. In the summer of 1833, solar radiation was low in the central, eastern, and northern parts of Honshu. In contrast, in the summers of 1836 and 1838, solar radiation was low mainly in Honshu, whereas it was normal or high in northern Tohoku. This suggests that the front zone, like the Baiu front, persisted frequently in Honshu during the summer, which might have resulted in the northern part of the front being cold instead of having the normal clear summer days. Furthermore, the distribution of solar radiation and its inter-seasonal variation in 1836 were characterized by lower solar radiation in summer than in other seasons, except in northern Tohoku and southern Kyushu. In addition, the low solar radiation was prolonged from May to September, mainly in the central part of Honshu. Previous studies have stated that during the Tempo Famine period, the famine was most severe in 1836. The discussions of this study are consistent with these previous results, and the effects of famines, such as negative harvests and rising rice prices, were noted.departmental bulletin pape