Offenburg University of Applied Sciences
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Computational Design of Peptide-Induced Heterodimeric Biosensors
No full textThe design of protein receptors that dimerize only in the presence of a specific peptide ligand (Bentham et al., 2020) is a promising strategy for creating artificial biosensors and inducible signaling systems. This thesis presents the computational design of heterodimeric peptide biosensors, focusing on improving peptide-induced dimerization by reducing the distance between chain A and B through advanced structural modeling, dynamic scoring functions, and backbone sampling techniques. Building on AlphaFold and ProteinMPNN frameworks, a scoring architecture was developed to progressively guide design selection using interface metrics (iPTM), root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), and a contact-based template modeling metric (cPTM). Our optimized pipeline was tested on synthetic examples and demonstrated improved specificity and stability relative to the original protocol. To reduce structural drift and improve peptide specificity, we implemented and compared five scoring pipelines: AlphaFold-only, RMSD-weighted, ΔRMSD-weighted, dynamically-penalized ΔRMSD, and contact-based (cPTM). This work highlights the importance of combining deep learning-based design tools (Jumper et al., 2021; Dauparas et al., 2023) with multi-objective scoring in protein engineering. A partial peptide diffusion strategy was further introduced to mimic natural induced-fit dynamics and diversify pocket engagement. By re-evaluating 100 diffused scaffolds and selectively enhancing designable residues based on geometric proximity, we achieved improved interface stability and responsiveness. These results demonstrate the power of iterative design strategies for synthetic biology applications, particularly in peptide-triggered receptor engineering
Adaptive shoe closure systems perform better than or equally well as traditional lacing in keeping the heel in position relative to the midsole during sport-specific tasks
No full textKI in der Hochschullehre - Didaktische Vermittlung und Lernunterstützung
No full textDas Projekt KompiLe, das in diesem Kapitel vorgestellt wird, hat das Ziel, die KIKompetenz Studierender zu fördern. Dazu wurden neue Module entwickelt, die KI im Bereich der Medien zum Gegenstand haben. Weiterhin wird im Projekt die Lernplattform Moodle zu einer innovative Lernplattform, einer sogenannten LXP (Learning Experience Platform) erweitert, auf der Studierende der Hochschule Offenburg Unterstützung durch KI-basierte Lernempfehlungen erhalten
You Still have to Study On the Security of LLM Generated Code
No full textWe witness an increasing usage of AI-assistants even for routine (classroom) programming tasks. However, the code generated on basis of a so called “prompt” by the programmer does not always meet accepted security standards. The actual quality of the programmers’ prompt determines whether generated code contains weaknesses or not.
We analyse 4 major LLMs with respect to the security of generated Python and Javascript code using the MITRE CWE catalogue as the guiding security definition. Our results show that using different prompting techniques, some LLMs initially generate 65% code which is deemed insecure by a trained security engineer. On the other hand, LLMs generate code that is 94–100% secure with increasing manual guidance from an experienced engineer
Dynamic curricular concepts for research-oriented programs in optics and photonics: development of a gamification framework
No full textThe use of gamification as an innovative method to enhance motivation, learning success, and student participation aims to further develop the curriculum in media technology. The basis is a modularly designed gamification framework that is continuously iteratively refined
Einfluss interauraler spektraler Überlappung auf die bimodale Verarbeitung von Sprache im Störgeräusch
No full text"For Me, It’s Just My Partner’s Hobby"
No full textSmart home technology is rapidly integrating into everyday life, promising benefits like convenience, energy savings, and improved security. These systems are typically introduced and managed by one person, leaving their cohabitants — such as partners — less involved in shaping the shared home. This dissertation investigates the experiences of these less-involved individuals, focusing on how they adapt to living in connected homes, their expectations on the technology, and the social dynamics that arise in shared households. The user roles in shared smart homes are gendered, with men as primary users mostly assuming the technical role, of managing and maintaining the system. Women as secondary users are typically less involved, engaging with the technology often based on their initial user experiences after the installation in their domestic spaces.
Through a series of qualitative studies, including co-creation workshops, cultural probes, and semi-structured interviews, the research identifies key challenges of individuals in cohabited smart homes. These include knowledge gaps between enthusiasts and their partners, imbalances in control over smart home systems, and dependencies when one person takes sole responsibility for technology management. Including the perspective of both individuals, primary and secondary users, in user studies, this dissertation provides insights into how each user role refers to the smart home and their experiences of the task distribution related to the technology’s setup and maintenance. Looking into the communication habits and patterns of couples, as well as investigating the individuals’ preferences for involvement with the smart home setup, contributes to understanding the dynamics of individuals cohabiting in a smart home and their impact on the individual’s relationship with each other.
To address these challenges of couples cohabiting in a smart home, the dissertation describes a design exploration for the concept of the SmartHome Handbook, a tangible user interface inspired by the symbolic value of books to provide documentation of the shared smart home technology. This technological artifact suggests an approach to bridge the knowledge gap between cohabiting users, promote shared decision-making, and support more inclusive interaction with smart home systems.
By focusing on the underrepresented perspectives of less-involved household members, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the socio-technical dynamics in smart homes. This dissertation offers practical insights for designing more inclusive and balanced smart home experiences that account for the perspectives of all users, not just the person setting up and maintaining the shared smart home.Smart-Home-Technik hält mehr und mehr Einzug in den Alltag und verspricht Vorteile wie Komfort, Energieeinsparungen und verbesserte Sicherheit. Diese Systeme werden in der Regel von einer Person eingeführt und verwaltet, so dass ihre Mitbewohner:innen - z. B. Partner:innen - weniger an der Gestaltung des gemeinsamen Hauses beteiligt sind. Diese Dissertation untersucht die Erfahrungen dieser weniger involvierten Personen und konzentriert sich darauf, wie sie sich an das Leben in vernetzten Häusern anpassen, ihre Erwartungen an die Technologie und die soziale Dynamik, die in gemeinsamen Haushalten entsteht. Die Nutzungsrollen in gemeinsam genutzten Smart Homes sind geschlechtsspezifisch, wobei Männer als Hauptnutzer meist die technische Rolle der Verwaltung und Wartung des Systems übernehmen. Frauen als Sekundärnutzerinnen sind in der Regel weniger involviert und beschäftigen sich mit der Technologie oft auf der Grundlage ihrer ersten Erfahrungen nach der Installation in ihren Wohnräumen.
Durch eine Reihe von qualitativen Studien, darunter Co-Creation-Workshops, Cultural Probes und halbstrukturierte Interviews, werden in der Untersuchung die wichtigsten Herausforderungen von zusammenlebenden Personen in gemeinsam genutzten Smart Homes ermittelt. Dazu gehören Wissenslücken zwischen Enthusiast:innen und ihren Partner:innen, Ungleichgewichte bei der Kontrolle über Smart-Home-Systeme und Abhängigkeiten, wenn eine Person die alleinige Verantwortung für das Technologiemanagement übernimmt. Durch die Einbeziehung der Perspektive beider Individuen, der Primär- und Sekundärnutzer:innen, in Nutzungsstudien bietet diese Dissertation Einblicke in die Art und Weise, wie sich jede Nutzungsrolle auf das Smart Home bezieht, und in ihre Erfahrungen mit der Aufgabenverteilung im Zusammenhang mit der Einrichtung und Wartung der Technologie. Die Betrachtung der Kommunikationsgewohnheiten und -muster von Paaren sowie die Untersuchung der Präferenzen der Individuen hinsichtlich der Beteiligung an der Smart-Home-Einrichtung tragen dazu bei, die Dynamik des Zusammenlebens von Individuen in einem Smart Home und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Beziehung der Individuen zueinander zu verstehen.
Um diese Herausforderungen des Zusammenlebens von Paaren in einem Smart Home zu bewältigen, beschreibt die Dissertation eine Designstudie für das Konzept des SmartHome-Handbuchs, einer greifbaren Benutzeroberfläche, die vom symbolischen Wert von Büchern inspiriert ist und eine Dokumentation der gemeinsamen Smart-Home-Technologie bietet. Dieses technologische Artefakt schlägt hierbei einen Ansatz vor, um die Wissenslücke zwischen zusammenlebenden Nutzer:innen zu schließen, die gemeinsame Entscheidungsfindung zu fördern und eine integrativere Interaktion mit Smart-Home-Systemen zu unterstützen.
Durch die Fokussierung auf die unterrepräsentierten Perspektiven von weniger involvierten Haushaltsmitgliedern trägt diese Forschung zu einem tieferen Verständnis der sozio-technischen Dynamik in Smart Homes bei. Diese Dissertation bietet praktische Einsichten für die Gestaltung inklusiverer und ausgewogenerer Smart-Home-Erfahrungen, die die Perspektiven aller Nutzer:innen berücksichtigen, nicht nur die der Person, die das gemeinsame Smart Home einrichtet und wartet
From strategic foresight to cyber threat intelligence in the age of AI
No full textThe nature of cybersecurity is undergoing a profound transformation with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into both defensive and offensive strategies. Traditional cybersecurity frameworks have relied on deterministic rules, static defenses, and human intervention. However, modern cyberat-tacks, driven by automation and adaptability, have outpaced these conven-tional mechanisms. This shift demands a move from reactive approaches to predictive, intelligence-driven security. Strategic foresight plays a crucial role in this transition, focusing on structured anticipation rather than deterministic prediction. Effective cybersecurity decision-making requires a systematic horizon scanning, probabilistic modeling, and structured intelligence gathering. Additionally, cognitive biases - such as the illusion of understanding, retrospec-tive distortion, and overvaluation of information complicate risk assessment. Acknowledging these biases is essential for adopting a more structured, intelli-gence-based approach to securing digital infrastructures.
This chapter explores the transition from traditional cybersecurity to AI-driven strategies, emphasizing how organizations can leverage Cyber Threat Intelli-gence (CTI) to stay ahead of evolving threats. By integrating AI into CTI frameworks, companies can move beyond static defenses toward adaptive, intelligence-driven security. At the same time, understanding AI’s risks and implementing strategies to mitigate them is critical. As cybersecurity evolves, organizations must strike a balance harnessing AI for protection while remain-ing vigilant against its misuse
Effective Requirements Engineering in Early-Stage Digital Health Startups
No full textThis case study examines the implementation of a requirements engineering process in early-stage digital health startups developing software as a medical device. We demonstrate a four-phase process that integrates systematic requirements gathering into product development while preparing for approval as a medical device. The study shows that even resource-constrained startups can effectively implement requirements engineering processes that support future regulatory compliance, potentially serving as a model for other digital health startups