Offenburg University of Applied Sciences
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Methodology for Generating Synthetic Load Profiles for Different Industry Types
Get PDFTo achieve its climate goals, the German industry has to undergo a transformation toward renewable energies. To analyze this transformation in energy system models, the industry’s electricity demands have to be provided in a high temporal and sectoral resolution, which, to date, is not the case due to a lack of open-source data. In this paper, a methodology for the generation of synthetic electricity load profiles is described; it was applied to 11 industry types. The modeling was based on the normalized daily load profiles for eight electrical end-use applications. The profiles were then further refined by using the mechanical processes of different branches. Finally, a fluctuation was applied to the profiles as a stochastic attribute. A quantitative RMSE comparison between real and synthetic load profiles showed that the developed method is especially accurate for the representation of loads from three-shift industrial plants. A procedure of how to apply the synthetic load profiles to a regional distribution of the industry sector completes the methodology
Gasification of Biomass: The Very Sensitive Monitoring of Tar in Syngas by the Determination of the Oxygen Demand—A Proof of Concept
Get PDFA novel method for quasi-continuous tar monitoring in hot syngas from biomass gasification is reported. A very small syngas stream is extracted from the gasifier output, and the oxygen demand for tar combustion is determined by a well-defined dosage of synthetic air. Assuming the total oxidation of all of the combustible components at the Pt-electrode of a lambda-probe, the difference of the residual oxygen concentrations from successive operations with and without tar condensation represents the oxygen demand. From experiments in the laboratory with H2/N2/naphthalene model syngas, the linear sensitivity and a lower detection limit of about 70 ± 5 mg/m3 was estimated, and a very good long-term stability can be expected. This extremely sensitive and robust monitoring concept was evaluated further by the extraction of a small, constant flow of hot syngas as a sample (9 L/h) using a Laval nozzle combined with a metallic filter (a sintered metal plate (pore diameter 10 µm)) and a gas pump (in the cold zone). The first tests in the laboratory of this setup—which is appropriate for field applications—confirmed the excellent analysis results. However, the field tests concerning the monitoring of the tar in syngas from a woodchip-fueled gasifier demonstrated that the determination of the oxygen demand by the successive estimation of the oxygen concentration with/without tar trapping is not possible with enough accuracy due to continuous variation of the syngas composition. A method is proposed for how this constraint can be overcome
Strengthening Invisible Ties: Decreasing Loneliness Indices of University Students Through a Gamified Mobile App
No full textDuring the periods of social isolation to contain the advance of COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021, educational institutions have had the challenge to adopt technological strategies not only to ensure continuity in students’ classes, but also to support their mental health in a period of uncertainty and health risks. Loneliness is an emotional distress caused by the lack of meaningful social connections; it has increasingly affected young adults worldwide during the pandemic's social isolation and still bears psychological effects in the current post-pandemic period. In the light of this challenge, the Nonenliness App was developed as a way to bring together university communities to address issues related to loneliness and mental health disorders through a gamified and social online environment. In this paper, we present the app and its main functionalities (Beta version) and discuss the preliminary results of a pilot clinical study conducted with university students in Germany (N = 12) to verify the app's efficacy and usability, alongside the challenges faced and the next steps to be taken regarding the platform's improvement
Gamification: Grundlagen, Methoden und Anwendungsbeispiele
No full textIn dem Artikel von Dr. Oliver Korn, Belinda Janine Hagley und Annika Sabrina Schulz zur Gamification werden zunächst theoretische Grundlagen für spielbasiertes Lernen im Kontext der Motivations‐ und Persönlichkeitsforschung dargestellt. Anschließend werden eine Auswahl wirksamer Gamification‐Elemente aufgezeigt und beispielhaft drei gamifizierte Anwendungen aus den Bereichen Interne Kommunikation und Onboarding, Produktion sowie Aus‐ und Weiterbildung vorgestellt. Ziel ist es, den nutzerzentrierten Einsatz gamifizierter Lernprozesse sowie deren Implementierung in betriebliche Strukturen aufzuzeigen, um die Akzeptanz spielerischer Lernsysteme zu fördern und nachhaltig motivierend zu wirken
Konzeption und Evaluierung eines Trainings-Windkanals für den spezifischen Einsatz im Skisprung
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Robust Models are less Over-Confident
No full textDespite the success of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in many academic benchmarks for computer vision tasks, their application in the real-world is still facing fundamental challenges. One of these open problems is the inherent lack of robustness, unveiled by the striking effectiveness of adversarial attacks. Adversarial training (AT) is often considered as a remedy to train more robust networks. In this paper, we empirically analyze a variety of adversarially trained models that achieve high robust accuracies when facing state-of-the-art attacks and we show that AT has an interesting side-effect: it leads to models that are significantly less overconfident with their decisions even on clean data than non-robust models. Further, our analysis of robust models shows that not only AT but also the model's building blocks (like activation functions and pooling) have a strong influence on the models' prediction confidences
Business Analytics und Risikomanagement
No full textDie neuen Realitäten digitalwirtschaftlicher Geschäftsmodelle stellen die Verfügbarkeit und Verwendung großer Datenmengen in den Mittelpunkt unternehmerischer Aktivitäten. Das Risikomanagement, das bereits intensiv stochastische Methoden anwendet, sollte an dieser Entwicklung teilhaben. Im vorliegenden Beitrag geht es um die angemessene Rahmung und Einordnung von Analytics-Projekten
Energietechnik
No full textDieses Lehrbuch vermittelt ein grundlegendes, dennoch kurz gefasstes Verständnis für die Zusammenhänge der Energieumwandlungsprozesse und umfasst dabei die gesamte Bandbreite der Energietechnik. Die Schwerpunkte reichen von der kompletten Beschreibung der konventionellen und vor allem nachhaltigen, erneuerbaren Energietechniken, über Gas- und Dampfturbinen-Kraftwerke sowie Kraft-Wärme-Kälte-Kopplungsanlagen bis hin zur Energiespeicherung, Energieverteilung und abschließend zu einem Abriss der Globalen Erwärmung mit zugehöriger Klimapolitik.
In der aktuellen Auflage wurden mehrere Kapitel von neuen Autoren überarbeitet und teils grundlegend neu verfasst. Die aktuellen politischen Änderungen wurden u. a. in den verschiedenen Kapiteln der erneuerbaren Techniken, der Energieverteilung sowie der Marktliberalisierung und Energiewende durch sorgfältige Überarbeitungen eingebracht